The Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease: A Complex Interplay Between Astrocytes, Microglia, and T Lymphocytes?

Role of Microgliosis and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis and Therapy

(2021) Fillipe M. de Araújo et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

DJ-1 Regulates Microglial Polarization Through P62-Mediated TRAF6/IRF5 Signaling in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion

(2021) Tingting Wang et al.   Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Microglial autophagy defect causes parkinson disease-like symptoms by accelerating inflammasome activation in mice

(2020) Jinbo Cheng et al.   Autophagy

Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease

(2020) Xu Hou et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Lysosome and Inflammatory Defects in GBA1 ‐Mutant Astrocytes Are Normalized by LRRK2 Inhibition

(2020) Anwesha Sanyal et al.   MOVEMENT DISORDERS

LRRK2 in Parkinson disease: challenges of clinical trials

(2020) Eduardo Tolosa et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Immune cell regulation of glia during CNS injury and disease

(2020) Andrew D. Greenhalgh et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Leucine rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) modulates microglial phenotype and dopaminergic neurodegeneration.

(2020) Zach Dwyer et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

The Role of VPS35 in the Pathobiology of Parkinson’s Disease

(2020) Jenny Sassone et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Astrocytes have the capacity to act as antigen-presenting cells in the Parkinson’s disease brain

(2020) Jinar Rostami et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

α-Synuclein-specific T cell reactivity is associated with preclinical and early Parkinson’s disease

(2020) Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn et al.   Nature Communications

LRRK2 Is Recruited to Phagosomes and Co-recruits RAB8 and RAB10 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Macrophages

(2020) Heyne Lee et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Neuroinflammatory Responses and Parkinson’ Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

(2020) Liuna Yang et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Combined 1-Deoxynojirimycin and Ibuprofen Treatment Decreases Microglial Activation, Phagocytosis and Dopaminergic Degeneration in MPTP-Treated Mice

(2020) TCS Costa et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Safety and immunogenicity of the α-synuclein active immunotherapeutic PD01A in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised, single-blinded, phase 1 trial

(2020) Dieter Volc et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Peripheral inflammation exacerbates α‐synuclein toxicity and neuropathology in Parkinson's models

(2020) P. La Vitola et al.   NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY

Down-regulation of DJ-1 Augments Neuroinflammation via Nrf2/Trx1/NLRP3 Axis in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model

(2020) Ya-Jie Ji et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Brain-first versus body-first Parkinson’s disease: a multimodal imaging case-control study

(2020) Jacob Horsager et al.   BRAIN

Impaired autophagy in microglia aggravates dopaminergic neurodegeneration by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease

(2020) Yue Qin et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

LRRK2 and Rab10 coordinate macropinocytosis to mediate immunological responses in phagocytes

(2020) Zhiyong Liu et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Astrocytes Protect Human Dopaminergic Neurons from α-Synuclein Accumulation and Propagation

(2020) Taiji Tsunemi et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Fecal microbiota transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease

(2020) Liu-Jun Xue et al.   MEDICINE

Overexpression of α-Synuclein Reorganises Growth Factor Profile of Human Astrocytes

(2020) Büşra Şengül et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Microglia and astrocyte dysfunction in parkinson's disease

(2020) Tae-In Kam et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

LRRK2 mediates microglial neurotoxicity via NFATc2 in rodent models of synucleinopathies

(2020) Changyoun Kim et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Microglia and Astrocytes in Disease: Dynamic Duo or Partners in Crime?

(2020) Shane A. Liddelow et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Interferon-γ signaling synergizes with LRRK2 in neurons and microglia derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells

(2020) Vasiliki Panagiotakopoulou et al.   Nature Communications

Metabolic alterations in Parkinson’s disease astrocytes

(2020) Tuuli-Maria Sonninen et al.   Scientific Reports

Patient-Derived Midbrain Organoids to Explore the Molecular Basis of Parkinson's Disease

(2020) Benjamin Galet et al.   Frontiers in Neurology

Blood–Brain Barrier Leakage Is Increased in Parkinson’s Disease

(2020) Sarah Al-Bachari et al.   Frontiers in Physiology

LRRK2 kinase plays a critical role in manganese-induced inflammation and apoptosis in microglia

(2019) Judong Kim et al.   PLoS One

Patient-Specific iPSC-Derived Astrocytes Contribute to Non-Cell-Autonomous Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease

(2019) Angelique di Domenico et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Do Th17 Lymphocytes and IL-17 Contribute to Parkinson's Disease? A Systematic Review of Available Evidence

(2019) Elisa Storelli et al.   Frontiers in Neurology

Fyn kinase regulates misfolded α-synuclein uptake and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia

(2019) Nikhil Panicker et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Parkinson’s disease-associated LRRK2-G2019S mutant acts through regulation of SERCA activity to control ER stress in astrocytes

(2019) Jee Hoon Lee et al.   Acta Neuropathologica Communications

IL-17A exacerbates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by activating microglia in rodent models of Parkinson's disease

(2019) Zhan Liu et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s disease: causal or bystander?

(2019) Peter Riederer et al.   JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION

Fecal microbiota transplantation to treat Parkinsonʼs disease with constipation

(2019) Hongli Huang et al.   MEDICINE

Randomized phase I clinical trial of anti–α‐synuclein antibody BIIB054

(2019) Miroslaw Brys et al.   MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Immunomodulatory drugs alleviate l ‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

(2019) Laura Boi et al.   MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Intestinal infection triggers Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms in Pink1−/− mice

(2019) Diana Matheoud et al.   NATURE

A Parkinson's disease gene, DJ-1, regulates anti-inflammatory roles of astrocytes through prostaglandin D2 synthase expression

(2019) Dong-Joo Choi et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Additive or Synergistic Interactions Between IL-17A or IL-17F and TNF or IL-1β Depend on the Cell Type

(2019) Mélissa Noack et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Imidazoline 2 binding sites reflecting astroglia pathology in Parkinson’s disease: an in vivo11C-BU99008 PET study

(2019) Heather Wilson et al.   BRAIN

The genetic architecture of Parkinson's disease

(2019) Cornelis Blauwendraat et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

RNA sequencing reveals MMP2 and TGFB1 downregulation in LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson's iPSC-derived astrocytes

(2019) Heather D.E. Booth et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Transcriptome analysis of LRRK2 knock-out microglia cells reveals alterations of inflammatory- and oxidative stress-related pathways upon treatment with α-synuclein fibrils

(2019) Isabella Russo et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Parkinson disease

(2019) R. Balestrino et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Regulatory impairment in untreated Parkinson’s disease is not restricted to Tregs: other regulatory populations are also involved

(2019) Diana D. Álvarez-Luquín et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Inflammasome and α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional study

(2019) Koustav Chatterjee et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

The potassium channel KCa3.1 represents a valid pharmacological target for microgliosis-induced neuronal impairment in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

(2019) Jia Lu et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's disease

(2019) Elma Aflaki et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

The genetics of Parkinson disease

(2018) Hao Deng et al.   AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS

Th17 Lymphocytes Induce Neuronal Cell Death in a Human iPSC-Based Model of Parkinson’s Disease

(2018) Annika Sommer et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Parkin deficiency modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by attenuating an A20-dependent negative feedback loop

(2018) François Mouton-Liger et al.   GLIA

Lewy body-like alpha-synuclein inclusions trigger reactive microgliosis prior to nigral degeneration

(2018) Megan F. Duffy et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Parkinson’s disease patients have a complex phenotypic and functional Th1 bias: cross-sectional studies of CD4+ Th1/Th2/T17 and Treg in drug-naïve and drug-treated patients

(2018) Natasa Kustrimovic et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Block of A1 astrocyte conversion by microglia is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson’s disease

(2018) Seung Pil Yun et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Blood–brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

(2018) Melanie D. Sweeney et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Alteration of autophagy-related proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Parkinson's disease

(2018) Yasuo Miki et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

Generation of defined neural populations from pluripotent stem cells

(2018) Sarah F. McComish et al.   PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Regulation of myeloid cell phagocytosis by LRRK2 via WAVE2 complex stabilization is altered in Parkinson’s disease

(2018) Kwang Soo Kim et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Normal aging induces A1-like astrocyte reactivity

(2018) Laura E. Clarke et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Non-cell-autonomous actions of α-synuclein: Implications in glial synucleinopathies

(2018) Somin Lim et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

Lack of PINK1 alters glia innate immune responses and enhances inflammation-induced, nitric oxide-mediated neuron death

(2018) Liuke Sun et al.   Scientific Reports

Safety and Tolerability of Multiple Ascending Doses of PRX002/RG7935, an Anti–α-Synuclein Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients With Parkinson Disease

(2018) Joseph Jankovic et al.   JAMA Neurology

Linking Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease

(2018) Géraldine Gelders et al.   Journal of Immunology Research

LFA-1 in T Cell Migration and Differentiation

(2018) Brandon L. Walling et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

LRRK2 Kinase Activity Induces Mitochondrial Fission in Microglia via Drp1 and Modulates Neuroinflammation

(2018) Dong Hwan Ho et al.   Experimental Neurobiology

Loss of Microglial Parkin Inhibits Necroptosis and Contributes to Neuroinflammation

(2018) Pedro Elói Antunes Dionísio et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

New insights into the complex role of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease

(2018) Anne Grünewald et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of inflammatory markers in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders

(2018) Sara Hall et al.   Scientific Reports

Immune system responses in Parkinson's disease: Early and dynamic

(2018) Malú G. Tansey et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Parkin targets NOD2 to regulate astrocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation

(2018) Komudi Singh et al.   GLIA

Microglia innately develop within cerebral organoids

(2018) Paul R. Ormel et al.   Nature Communications

DJ-1 deficiency impairs autophagy and reduces alpha-synuclein phagocytosis by microglia

(2017) Yuval Nash et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

TGF-β1 Neuroprotection via Inhibition of Microglial Activation in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

(2017) Xiao Chen et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Effectors of Th1 and Th17 cells act on astrocytes and augment their neuroinflammatory properties

(2017) Chittappen K. Prajeeth et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Progression of pathology in PINK1-deficient mouse brain from splicing via ubiquitination, ER stress, and mitophagy changes to neuroinflammation

(2017) Sylvia Torres-Odio et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Human Astrocytes Transfer Aggregated Alpha-Synuclein via Tunneling Nanotubes

(2017) Jinar Rostami et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Α-synuclein induces microglial cell migration through stimulating HIF-1α accumulation

(2017) Hongfei Qiao et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH

Exenatide once weekly versus placebo in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

(2017) Dilan Athauda et al.   LANCET

Complement drives glucosylceramide accumulation and tissue inflammation in Gaucher disease

(2017) Manoj K. Pandey et al.   NATURE

T cells from patients with Parkinson’s disease recognize α-synuclein peptides

(2017) David Sulzer et al.   NATURE

Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia

(2017) Shane A. Liddelow et al.   NATURE

Neurons and astrocytes in an infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) mouse model show characteristic alterations in glutamate-induced Ca 2+ signaling

(2017) Mikhail Strokin et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

The Role of Astrocyte Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis

(2017) Heather D.E. Booth et al.   TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES

Cell Biology and Pathophysiology of α-Synuclein

(2017) Jacqueline Burré et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

IL-17 induces reactive astrocytes and up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through JAK/STAT signaling

(2017) Tao You et al.   Scientific Reports

CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways

(2016) Elizabeth I. Buchbinder et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS

Gut Microbiota Regulate Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease

(2016) Timothy R. Sampson et al.   CELL

Parkinson’s Disease-Related Proteins PINK1 and Parkin Repress Mitochondrial Antigen Presentation

(2016) Diana Matheoud et al.   CELL

Atp13a2Deficiency Aggravates Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

(2016) Chen Qiao et al.   CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Loss of FBXO7 (PARK15) results in reduced proteasome activity and models a parkinsonism‐like phenotype in mice

(2016) Siv Vingill et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Infiltrating T lymphocytes reduce myeloid phagocytosis activity in synucleinopathy model

(2016) Annika Sommer et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Th17 Cells Induce Dopaminergic Neuronal Death via LFA-1/ICAM-1 Interaction in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

(2016) Zhan Liu et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Serum immune markers and disease progression in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort (ICICLE-PD)

(2016) Caroline H. Williams-Gray et al.   MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Cdk5-Dependent Activation of Neuronal Inflammasomes in Parkinson's Disease

(2016) Pei Zhang et al.   MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Purification and Characterization of Progenitor and Mature Human Astrocytes Reveals Transcriptional and Functional Differences with Mouse

(2016) Ye Zhang et al.   NEURON

Microglia contact induces synapse formation in developing somatosensory cortex

(2016) Akiko Miyamoto et al.   Nature Communications

DJ-1 deficiency impairs glutamate uptake into astrocytes via the regulation of flotillin-1 and caveolin-1 expression

(2016) Jin-Mo Kim et al.   Scientific Reports

PINK1 expression increases during brain development and stem cell differentiation, and affects the development of GFAP-positive astrocytes

(2016) Insup Choi et al.   Molecular Brain

The Cleavage Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Its Derived Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 on Extracellular α-Synuclein Aggregates in Parkinsonian Models

(2016) Se Hee Oh et al.   Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Microglia-Derived Cytokines/Chemokines Are Involved in the Enhancement of LPS-Induced Loss of Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in DJ-1 Knockout Mice

(2016) Chia-Hung Chien et al.   PLoS One

Alpha-Synuclein Proteins Promote Pro-Inflammatory Cascades in Microglia: Stronger Effects of the A53T Mutant

(2016) Claire Hoenen et al.   PLoS One

Evidence for a role of adaptive immune response in the disease pathogenesis of the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease

(2015) Heather L. Martin et al.   GLIA

Glucocerebrosidase 1 deficientDanio reriomirror key pathological aspects of human Gaucher disease and provide evidence of early microglial activation preceding alpha-synuclein-independent neuronal cell death

(2015) Marcus Keatinge et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Striatal Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability in Parkinson'S Disease

(2015) Madison T Gray et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

The PINK1-PARKIN Mitochondrial Ubiquitylation Pathway Drives a Program of OPTN/NDP52 Recruitment and TBK1 Activation to Promote Mitophagy

(2015) Jin-Mi Heo et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in homeostasis

(2015) Sanja Arandjelovic et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

P2X7 receptor is critical in α-synuclein–mediated microglial NADPH oxidase activation

(2015) Tianfang Jiang et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

FcγRIIB mediates the inhibitory effect of aggregated α-synuclein on microglial phagocytosis

(2015) Yu Ree Choi et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Elevated neuronal α-synuclein promotes microglia activation after spinal cord ischemic/reperfused injury

(2015) Hongfei Qiao et al.   NEUROREPORT

Cinnamon Treatment Upregulates Neuroprotective Proteins Parkin and DJ-1 and Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

(2014) Saurabh Khasnavis et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

An RNA-Sequencing Transcriptome and Splicing Database of Glia, Neurons, and Vascular Cells of the Cerebral Cortex

(2014) Y. Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

PINK1 Loss-of-Function Mutations Affect Mitochondrial Complex I Activity via NdufA10 Ubiquinone Uncoupling

(2014) V. A. Morais et al.   SCIENCE

Organogenesis in a dish: Modeling development and disease using organoid technologies

(2014) M. A. Lancaster et al.   SCIENCE

MHC-I expression renders catecholaminergic neurons susceptible to T-cell-mediated degeneration

(2014) Carolina Cebrián et al.   Nature Communications

Microglial phenotypes and toll-like receptor 2 in the substantia nigra and hippocampus of incidental Lewy body disease cases and Parkinson¿s disease patients

(2014) Karlijn J Doorn et al.   Acta Neuropathologica Communications

T cell responses: naïve to memory and everything in between

(2013) Nathan D. Pennock et al.   ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION

Microglia Promote Learning-Dependent Synapse Formation through Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

(2013) Christopher N. Parkhurst et al.   CELL

The principal PINK1 and Parkin cellular events triggered in response to dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential occur in primary neurons

(2013) Fumika Koyano et al.   GENES TO CELLS

DJ-1 deficiency triggers microglia sensitivity to dopamine toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype that is attenuated by rasagiline

(2013) Dorit Trudler et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

α-Synuclein Vaccination Prevents the Accumulation of Parkinson Disease-Like Pathologic Inclusions in Striatum in Association With Regulatory T Cell Recruitment in a Rat Model

(2013) Vanesa Sanchez-Guajardo et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Microglia Regulate the Number of Neural Precursor Cells in the Developing Cerebral Cortex

(2013) C. L. Cunningham et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

MHCII Is Required for  -Synuclein-Induced Activation of Microglia, CD4 T Cell Proliferation, and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration

(2013) A. S. Harms et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

A novel and functional variant within the ATG5 gene promoter in sporadic Parkinson's disease

(2013) Dongfeng Chen et al.   NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS

Neuron-released oligomeric α-synuclein is an endogenous agonist of TLR2 for paracrine activation of microglia

(2013) Changyoun Kim et al.   Nature Communications

Toll-like receptor 4 is required for α-synuclein dependent activation of microglia and astroglia

(2012) Lisa Fellner et al.   GLIA

Reduced T helper and B lymphocytes in Parkinson's disease

(2012) Claire H. Stevens et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

LRRK2 kinase inhibition prevents pathological microglial phagocytosis in response to HIV-1 Tat protein

(2012) Daniel F Marker et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

LRRK2 Inhibition Attenuates Microglial Inflammatory Responses

(2012) M. S. Moehle et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Dysregulation of immune homeostasis in autoimmune diseases

(2012) Vijay K Kuchroo et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

T-bet and GATA3 orchestrate Th1 and Th2 differentiation through lineage-specific targeting of distal regulatory elements

(2012) Aditi Kanhere et al.   Nature Communications

DJ-1 deficiency in astrocytes selectively enhances mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor-induced neurotoxicity

(2011) Steven J. Mullett et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Genetic mutations and functions of PINK1

(2011) Sumihiro Kawajiri et al.   TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Direct Transfer of α-Synuclein from Neuron to Astroglia Causes Inflammatory Responses in Synucleinopathies

(2010) He-Jin Lee et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

IL-17 Enhancement of the IL-6 Signaling Cascade in Astrocytes

(2010) X. Ma et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Regulatory T Cells Attenuate Th17 Cell-Mediated Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease

(2010) Ashley D. Reynolds et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Alpha-Synuclein Stimulation of Astrocytes: Potential Role for Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection

(2010) He-Jin Lee et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Astrocytic expression of Parkinson's disease-related A53T α-synuclein causes neurodegeneration in mice

(2010) Xing-Long Gu et al.   Molecular Brain

Astrocytes: biology and pathology

(2009) Michael V. Sofroniew et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Regulation of astrocyte inflammatory responses by the Parkinson’s disease-associated gene DJ-1

(2009) Jens Waak et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain

(2009) Frederico A.C. Azevedo et al.   JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY

Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Neurorestorative in Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

(2009) M. H. Voutilainen et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes into the brain contributes to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson disease

(2008) Vanessa Brochard et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Targeted Overexpression of Human α-Synuclein Triggers Microglial Activation and an Adaptive Immune Response in a Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease

(2008) Shaji Theodore et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Depletion of 26S Proteasomes in Mouse Brain Neurons Causes Neurodegeneration and Lewy-Like Inclusions Resembling Human Pale Bodies

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