Current Status of Latency Reversing Agents Facing the Heterogeneity of HIV-1 Cellular and Tissue Reservoirs

Apobec3A maintains HIV-1 latency through recruitment of epigenetic silencing machinery to the long terminal repeat

(2019) Manabu Taura et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

HIV-1 reservoirs in urethral macrophages of patients under suppressive antiretroviral therapy

(2019) Yonatan Ganor et al.   Nature Microbiology

Single-cell characterization and quantification of translation-competent viral reservoirs in treated and untreated HIV infection

(2019) Marion Pardons et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Persistent Viral Reservoirs in Lymphoid Tissues in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques of Chinese-Origin on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

(2019) Summer Siddiqui et al.   Viruses-Basel

HIV-1 infection increases microRNAs that inhibit Dicer1, HRB and HIV-EP2, thereby reducing viral replication

(2019) Shira Modai et al.   PLoS One

A quantitative approach for measuring the reservoir of latent HIV-1 proviruses

(2019) Katherine M. Bruner et al.   NATURE

Characterization of intact proviruses in blood and lymph node from HIV-infected individuals undergoing analytical treatment interruption

(2019) Line K. Vibholm et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Intact HIV-1 proviruses accumulate at distinct chromosomal positions during prolonged antiretroviral therapy

(2019) Kevin B. Einkauf et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Naïve CD4+ T Cells Harbor a Large Inducible Reservoir of Latent, Replication-Competent HIV-1

(2019) Jennifer M Zerbato et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

“Genetic evidence that Naïve T cells can contribute significantly to the HIV intact reservoir: time to re-evaluate their role”

(2019) Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Heterogeneous HIV-1 Reactivation Patterns of Disulfiram and Combined Disulfiram+Romidepsin Treatments

(2019) Anna Kula et al.   JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

Interferon-inducible TRIM22 contributes to maintenance of HIV-1 proviral latency in T cell lines

(2019) Filippo Turrini et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

A novel bromodomain inhibitor, CPI-203, serves as an HIV-1 latency-reversing agent by activating positive transcription elongation factor b

(2019) Taizhen Liang et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Strategies to eradicate HIV from infected patients: elimination of latent provirus reservoirs

(2019) Ivan Sadowski et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES

HIV diversity and genetic compartmentalization in blood and testes during suppressive antiretroviral therapy

(2019) Rachel L. Miller et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

CD32 expressing doublets in HIV-infected gut-associated lymphoid tissue are associated with a T follicular helper cell phenotype

(2019) John P. Thornhill et al.   Mucosal Immunology

A CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies the histone demethylase MINA53 as a novel HIV-1 latency-promoting gene (LPG)

(2019) Huachao Huang et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Resistance to the Tat Inhibitor Didehydro-Cortistatin A Is Mediated by Heightened Basal HIV-1 Transcription

(2019) Guillaume Mousseau et al.   mBio

HIV Silencing and Inducibility Are Heterogeneous and Are Affected by Factors Intrinsic to the Virus

(2019) Nicholas J. Norton et al.   mBio

HIV Rebound Is Predominantly Fueled by Genetically Identical Viral Expansions from Diverse Reservoirs

(2019) Marie-Angélique De Scheerder et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Latency reversal agents affect differently the latent reservoir present in distinct CD4+ T subpopulations

(2019) Judith Grau-Expósito et al.   PLoS Pathogens

The Quest for Cellular Markers of HIV Reservoirs: Any Color You Like

(2019) Gilles Darcis et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Infrequent HIV Infection of Circulating Monocytes during Antiretroviral Therapy

(2019) Marta Massanella et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Differentiation into an Effector Memory Phenotype Potentiates HIV-1 Latency Reversal in CD4+ T Cells

(2019) Deanna A. Kulpa et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Resident memory T cells are a cellular reservoir for HIV in the cervical mucosa

(2019) Jon Cantero-Pérez et al.   Nature Communications

Expression of CD20 after viral reactivation renders HIV-reservoir cells susceptible to Rituximab

(2019) Carla Serra-Peinado et al.   Nature Communications

HIV-1 Vpr mediates the depletion of the cellular repressor CTIP2 to counteract viral gene silencing

(2019) F. Forouzanfar et al.   Scientific Reports

Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain

(2019) Clementine Wallet et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Variation in cell associated unspliced HIV RNA on antiretroviral therapy is associated with the circadian regulator BMAL-1

(2018) Christina C. Chang et al.   AIDS

Genetic characterization of the HIV-1 reservoir after Vacc-4x and romidepsin therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals

(2018) Anni Winckelmann et al.   AIDS

Programmed cell death-1 contributes to the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latency

(2018) Vanessa A. Evans et al.   AIDS

The Spleen Is an HIV-1 Sanctuary During Combined Antiretroviral Therapy

(2018) David J. Nolan et al.   AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES

PD-1 blockade in HIV-infected patients with lung cancer: a new challenge or already a strategy?

(2018) A Lavolé et al.   ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY

Inconsistent HIV reservoir dynamics and immune responses following anti-PD-1 therapy in cancer patients with HIV infection

(2018) E P Scully et al.   ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY

Novel Latency Reversal Agents for HIV-1 Cure

(2018) Adam M. Spivak et al.   Annual Review of Medicine

Getting the “Kill” into “Shock and Kill”: Strategies to Eliminate Latent HIV

(2018) Youry Kim et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Targeting the Latent Reservoir for HIV-1

(2018) Srona Sengupta et al.   IMMUNITY

HIV-1 latent reservoir size and diversity are stable following brief treatment interruption

(2018) D. Brenda Salantes et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

HIV latency is reversed by ACSS2-driven histone crotonylation

(2018) Guochun Jiang et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide promotes reactivation of latent human immunodeficiency virus by introducing histone acetylation

(2018) Qiyuan Kuai et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Maraviroc Is Associated with Latent HIV-1 Reactivation through NF-κB Activation in Resting CD4+ T Cells from HIV-Infected Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

(2018) Nadia Madrid-Elena et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

A New Quinoline BRD4 Inhibitor Targets a Distinct Latent HIV-1 Reservoir for Reactivation from Other “Shock” Drugs

(2018) Erik Abner et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Seminal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Chronically Infected Cynomolgus Macaques Is Dominated by Virus Originating from Multiple Genital Organs

(2018) Laurent Houzet et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Reduction in terminally differentiated T cells in virologically controlled HIV-infected aging patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy

(2018) Nicole E. Behrens et al.   PLoS One

The RNA surveillance proteins UPF1, UPF2 and SMG6 affect HIV-1 reactivation at a post-transcriptional level

(2018) Shringar Rao et al.   Retrovirology

HIV latency in isolated patient CD4 + T cells may be due to blocks in HIV transcriptional elongation, completion, and splicing

(2018) Steven A. Yukl et al.   Science Translational Medicine

CD32 is expressed on cells with transcriptionally active HIV but does not enrich for HIV DNA in resting T cells

(2018) Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Integrin α 4 β 7 expression on peripheral blood CD4 + T cells predicts HIV acquisition and disease progression outcomes

(2018) Aida Sivro et al.   Science Translational Medicine

BI-2536 and BI-6727, dual Polo-like kinase/bromodomain inhibitors, effectively reactivate latent HIV-1

(2018) Jin Gohda et al.   Scientific Reports

Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Transcriptional Heterogeneity in Latent and Reactivated HIV-Infected Cells

(2018) Monica Golumbeanu et al.   Cell Reports

Increased HIV-1 transcriptional activity and infectious burden in peripheral blood and gut-associated CD4+ T cells expressing CD30

(2018) Louise E. Hogan et al.   PLoS Pathogens

The KAT5-Acetyl-Histone4-Brd4 axis silences HIV-1 transcription and promotes viral latency

(2018) Zichong Li et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Higher sequence diversity in the vaginal tract than in blood at early HIV-1 infection

(2018) Katja Klein et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Distinct chromatin functional states correlate with HIV latency reactivation in infected primary CD4+ T cells

(2018) Emilie Battivelli et al.   eLife

Diverse Impacts of HIV Latency-Reversing Agents on CD8+ T-Cell Function: Implications for HIV Cure

(2018) Genevieve Tyndale Clutton et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Blood CXCR3+ CD4 T Cells Are Enriched in Inducible Replication Competent HIV in Aviremic Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Individuals

(2018) Riddhima Banga et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

CD32-Expressing CD4 T Cells Are Phenotypically Diverse and Can Contain Proviral HIV DNA

(2018) Genevieve E. Martin et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

In Vitro Exposure to Prostratin but Not Bryostatin-1 Improves Natural Killer Cell Functions Including Killing of CD4+ T Cells Harboring Reactivated Human Immunodeficiency Virus

(2018) Maria Giovanna Desimio et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Evidence that CD32a does not mark the HIV-1 latent reservoir

(2018) Christa E. Osuna et al.   NATURE

Estrogen receptor-1 is a key regulator of HIV-1 latency that imparts gender-specific restrictions on the latent reservoir

(2018) Biswajit Das et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Combination of a Latency-Reversing Agent With a Smac Mimetic Minimizes Secondary HIV-1 Infection in vitro

(2018) Shin-ichiro Hattori et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Characterization of the HIV-1 transcription profile after romidepsin administration in ART-suppressed individuals

(2018) Sara Moron-Lopez et al.   AIDS

Sex-Based Differences in HIV-1 Reservoir Activity and Residual Immune Activation

(2018) Eileen P Scully et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Metagenomic Sequencing of HIV-1 in the Blood and Female Genital Tract Reveals Little Quasispecies Diversity during Acute Infection

(2018) Anne Piantadosi et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Procyanidin trimer C1 reactivates latent HIV as a triple combination therapy with kansui and JQ1

(2018) Daniele C. Cary et al.   PLoS One

Insight in HIV Integration Site Selection Provides a Block-and-Lock Strategy for a Functional Cure of HIV Infection

(2018) Zeger Debyser et al.   Viruses-Basel

Posttranscriptional Regulation of HIV-1 Gene Expression during Replication and Reactivation from Latency by Nuclear Matrix Protein MATR3

(2018) Ambra Sarracino et al.   mBio

Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Are a Distinct HIV Reservoir that Contributes to Persistent Viremia in Suppressed Patients

(2018) Thomas D. Zaikos et al.   Cell Reports

Single-Cell Analysis of Quiescent HIV Infection Reveals Host Transcriptional Profiles that Regulate Proviral Latency

(2018) Todd Bradley et al.   Cell Reports

Gut and blood differ in constitutive blocks to HIV transcription, suggesting tissue-specific differences in the mechanisms that govern HIV latency

(2018) Sushama Telwatte et al.   PLoS Pathogens

CTLA-4 + PD-1 − Memory CD4 + T Cells Critically Contribute to Viral Persistence in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed, SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques

(2017) Colleen S. McGary et al.   IMMUNITY

Sequential Vacc-4x and romidepsin during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART): Immune responses to Vacc-4x regions on p24 and changes in HIV reservoirs

(2017) G. Tapia et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Assays for precise quantification of total (including short) and elongated HIV-1 transcripts

(2017) Philipp Kaiser et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS

Ultrasensitive HIV-1 p24 Assay Detects Single Infected Cells and Differences in Reservoir Induction by Latency Reversal Agents

(2017) Caroline Pereira Bittencourt Passaes et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist GS-9620 Induces HIV Expression and HIV-Specific Immunity in Cells from HIV-Infected Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

(2017) Angela Tsai et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Chidamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor-based anticancer drug, effectively reactivates latent HIV-1 provirus

(2017) Wenqian Yang et al.   MICROBES AND INFECTION

CD32a is a marker of a CD4 T-cell HIV reservoir harbouring replication-competent proviruses

(2017) Benjamin Descours et al.   NATURE

Hyperactivation of HUSH complex function by Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease mutation in MORC2

(2017) Iva A Tchasovnikarova et al.   NATURE GENETICS

HIV persistence in tissue macrophages of humanized myeloid-only mice during antiretroviral therapy

(2017) Jenna B Honeycutt et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Crosstalk between histone modifications indicates that inhibition of arginine methyltransferase CARM1 activity reverses HIV latency

(2017) Zheng Zhang et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 ASP RNA promotes viral latency by recruiting the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 and promoting nucleosome assembly

(2017) Juan C. Zapata et al.   VIROLOGY

The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA simultaneously reactivates HIV-1 from latency and up-regulates NKG2D ligands sensitizing for natural killer cell cytotoxicity

(2017) Maria Giovanna Desimio et al.   VIROLOGY

Relative efficacy of T cell stimuli as inducers of productive HIV-1 replication in latently infected CD4 lymphocytes from patients on suppressive cART

(2017) Nadejda Beliakova-Bethell et al.   VIROLOGY

Multiple Histone Lysine Methyltransferases Are Required for the Establishment and Maintenance of HIV-1 Latency

(2017) Kien Nguyen et al.   mBio

BET inhibitors RVX-208 and PFI-1 reactivate HIV-1 from latency

(2017) Panpan Lu et al.   Scientific Reports

In Vivo Suppression of HIV Rebound by Didehydro-Cortistatin A, a “Block-and-Lock” Strategy for HIV-1 Treatment

(2017) Cari F. Kessing et al.   Cell Reports

Benzotriazoles Reactivate Latent HIV-1 through Inactivation of STAT5 SUMOylation

(2017) Alberto Bosque et al.   Cell Reports

Identification of Genetically Intact HIV-1 Proviruses in Specific CD4 + T Cells from Effectively Treated Participants

(2017) Bonnie Hiener et al.   Cell Reports

CD4 is expressed on a heterogeneous subset of hematopoietic progenitors, which persistently harbor CXCR4 and CCR5-tropic HIV proviral genomes in vivo

(2017) Nadia T. Sebastian et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Early Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with Lower HIV DNA Molecular Diversity and Lower Inflammation in Cerebrospinal Fluid but Does Not Prevent the Establishment of Compartmentalized HIV DNA Populations

(2017) Michelli F. Oliveira et al.   PLoS Pathogens

A Novel Bromodomain Inhibitor Reverses HIV-1 Latency through Specific Binding with BRD4 to Promote Tat and P-TEFb Association

(2017) Huachao Huang et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Curaxin CBL0100 Blocks HIV-1 Replication and Reactivation through Inhibition of Viral Transcriptional Elongation

(2017) Maxime J. Jean et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 22 Interacts with Class II Transactivator and Orchestrates Its Recruitment in Nuclear Bodies Containing TRIM19/PML and Cyclin T1

(2017) Greta Forlani et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

High-throughput Characterization of HIV-1 Reservoir Reactivation Using a Single-Cell-in-Droplet PCR Assay

(2017) Robert W. Yucha et al.   EBioMedicine

The CCR5-antagonist Maraviroc reverses HIV-1 latency in vitro alone or in combination with the PKC-agonist Bryostatin-1

(2017) María Rosa López-Huertas et al.   Scientific Reports

Exploring the anatomical HIV reservoirs

(2016) Gilles Darcis et al.   AIDS

Immune tolerance properties of the testicular tissue as a viral sanctuary site in ART-treated HIV-infected adults

(2016) Mohammad-Ali Jenabian et al.   AIDS

Single-Cell Characterization of Viral Translation-Competent Reservoirs in HIV-Infected Individuals

(2016) Amy E. Baxter et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Cells Are Highly Permissive to HIV-1 and Alter Their Phenotype during Virus Replication

(2016) Stephanie L. Kohler et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

A Novel Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist, MGN1703, Enhances HIV-1 Transcription and NK Cell-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1-Infected Autologous CD4+T Cells

(2016) Rasmus Offersen et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Promising Role of Toll-Like Receptor 8 Agonist in Concert with Prostratin for Activation of Silent HIV

(2016) M. A. Rochat et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Development of an Attenuated Tat Protein as a Highly-effective Agent to Specifically Activate HIV-1 Latency

(2016) Guannan Geng et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Defective proviruses rapidly accumulate during acute HIV-1 infection

(2016) Katherine M Bruner et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

PD-1+ and follicular helper T cells are responsible for persistent HIV-1 transcription in treated aviremic individuals

(2016) Riddhima Banga et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Position effects influence HIV latency reversal

(2016) Heng-Chang Chen et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Are T cells the only HIV-1 reservoir?

(2016) Abraham Joseph Kandathil et al.   Retrovirology

Long noncoding RNA NRON contributes to HIV-1 latency by specifically inducing tat protein degradation

(2016) Jun Li et al.   Nature Communications

Broad activation of latent HIV-1 in vivo

(2016) Kirston Barton et al.   Nature Communications

Position effects influence HIV latency reversal

(2016) Heng-Chang Chen et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The BET inhibitor OTX015 reactivates latent HIV-1 through P-TEFb

(2016) Panpan Lu et al.   Scientific Reports

CD4+ T Cells Expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 Contribute to HIV Persistence during ART

(2016) Rémi Fromentin et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation

(2016) Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen et al.   PLoS Pathogens

A Subset of Latency-Reversing Agents Expose HIV-Infected Resting CD4+ T-Cells to Recognition by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes

(2016) R. Brad Jones et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Development of 5‘ LTR DNA methylation of latent HIV-1 provirus in cell line models and in long-term-infected individuals

(2016) Kateřina Trejbalová et al.   Clinical Epigenetics

HIV Latency-Reversing Agents Have Diverse Effects on Natural Killer Cell Function

(2016) Carolina Garrido et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Combined effect of Vacc-4x, recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor vaccination, and romidepsin on the HIV-1 reservoir (REDUC): a single-arm, phase 1B/2A trial

(2016) Steffen Leth et al.   Lancet HIV

LEDGIN-mediated Inhibition of Integrase–LEDGF/p75 Interaction Reduces Reactivation of Residual Latent HIV

(2016) Lenard S. Vranckx et al.   EBioMedicine

The Effect of Latency Reversal Agents on Primary CD8 + T Cells: Implications for Shock and Kill Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Eradication

(2016) Victoria E. Walker-Sperling et al.   EBioMedicine

Human adipose tissue as a reservoir for memory CD4+ T cells and HIV

(2015) Jacob Couturier et al.   AIDS

Effect of ipilimumab on the HIV reservoir in an HIV-infected individual with metastatic melanoma

(2015) Fiona Wightman et al.   AIDS

Healthy HIV-1-Infected Individuals on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Harbor HIV-1 in Their Alveolar Macrophages

(2015) Sushma K. Cribbs et al.   AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES

Short Communication: SAHA (Vorinostat) Induces CDK9 Thr-186 (T-Loop) Phosphorylation in Resting CD4+ T Cells: Implications for Reactivation of Latent HIV

(2015) Rajesh Ramakrishnan et al.   AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES

Ex VivoBioactivity and HIV-1 Latency Reversal by Ingenol Dibenzoate and Panobinostat in Resting CD4+T Cells from Aviremic Patients

(2015) Adam M. Spivak et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

BIRC2/cIAP1 Is a Negative Regulator of HIV-1 Transcription and Can Be Targeted by Smac Mimetics to Promote Reversal of Viral Latency

(2015) Lars Pache et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Sequential treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and deacetylase inhibitors reactivates HIV-1

(2015) S. Bouchat et al.   EMBO Molecular Medicine

LEDGF/p75 interacts with mRNA splicing factors and targets HIV-1 integration to highly spliced genes

(2015) Parmit Kumar Singh et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

Ex vivo analysis identifies effective HIV-1 latency–reversing drug combinations

(2015) Gregory M. Laird et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Longitudinal Genetic Characterization Reveals That Cell Proliferation Maintains a Persistent HIV Type 1 DNA Pool During Effective HIV Therapy

(2015) Susanne von Stockenstrom et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

In VitroReactivation of Replication-Competent and Infectious HIV-1 by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

(2015) Riddhima Banga et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

H3K27 Demethylation at the Proviral Promoter Sensitizes Latent HIV to the Effects of Vorinostat inEx VivoCultures of Resting CD4+T Cells

(2015) Manoj K. Tripathy et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Peripheral T Follicular Helper Cells Are the Major HIV Reservoir within Central Memory CD4 T Cells in Peripheral Blood from Chronically HIV-Infected Individuals on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

(2015) Suresh Pallikkuth et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Nuclear architecture dictates HIV-1 integration site selection

(2015) Bruna Marini et al.   NATURE

Broad CTL response is required to clear latent HIV-1 due to dominance of escape mutations

(2015) Kai Deng et al.   NATURE

Large number of rebounding/founder HIV variants emerge from multifocal infection in lymphatic tissues after treatment interruption

(2015) Meghan K. Rothenberger et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

HIV-1 transcriptional silencing caused by TRIM22 inhibition of Sp1 binding to the viral promoter

(2015) Filippo Turrini et al.   Retrovirology

Epigenetic silencing by the HUSH complex mediates position-effect variegation in human cells

(2015) I. A. Tchasovnikarova et al.   SCIENCE

Retroviruses use CD169-mediated trans-infection of permissive lymphocytes to establish infection

(2015) X. Sewald et al.   SCIENCE

Immunological biomarkers predict HIV-1 viral rebound after treatment interruption

(2015) Jacob Hurst et al.   Nature Communications

HIV Latency Is Established Directly and Early in Both Resting and Activated Primary CD4 T Cells

(2015) Leonard Chavez et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Compartmentalized Replication of R5 T Cell-Tropic HIV-1 in the Central Nervous System Early in the Course of Infection

(2015) Christa Buckheit Sturdevant et al.   PLoS Pathogens

An In-Depth Comparison of Latency-Reversing Agent Combinations in Various In Vitro and Ex Vivo HIV-1 Latency Models Identified Bryostatin-1+JQ1 and Ingenol-B+JQ1 to Potently Reactivate Viral Gene Expression

(2015) Gilles Darcis et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Synergistic Reactivation of Latent HIV Expression by Ingenol-3-Angelate, PEP005, Targeted NF-kB Signaling in Combination with JQ1 Induced p-TEFb Activation

(2015) Guochun Jiang et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Follicular Dendritic Cells Retain Infectious HIV in Cycling Endosomes

(2015) Balthasar A. Heesters et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Peripheral Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Are a Novel Reservoir of Latent HIV Infection

(2015) Natalia Soriano-Sarabia et al.   PLoS Pathogens

The Depsipeptide Romidepsin Reverses HIV-1 Latency In Vivo

(2015) Ole S. Søgaard et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Short-term administration of disulfiram for reversal of latent HIV infection: a phase 2 dose-escalation study

(2015) Julian H Elliott et al.   Lancet HIV

Activation of latent HIV by the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat: A pilot study to assess effects on the CNS

(2015) T. A. Rasmussen et al.   Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Reactivation of HIV latency by a newly modified Ingenol derivative via protein kinase Cδ–NF-κB signaling

(2014) Guochun Jiang et al.   AIDS

Monocytes Mediate HIV Neuropathogenesis: Mechanisms that Contribute to HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

(2014) Dionna Williams et al.   CURRENT HIV RESEARCH

Vaginal Myeloid Dendritic Cells Transmit Founder HIV-1

(2014) R. Shen et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Altered Viral Fitness and Drug Susceptibility in HIV-1 Carrying Mutations That Confer Resistance to Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors

(2014) Z. Hu et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Negative Elongation Factor Is Required for the Maintenance of Proviral Latency but Does Not Induce Promoter-Proximal Pausing of RNA Polymerase II on the HIV Long Terminal Repeat

(2014) J. K. Jadlowsky et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY

An HIV-Encoded Antisense Long Noncoding RNA Epigenetically Regulates Viral Transcription

(2014) Sheena Saayman et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

HIV-1 persistence in CD4+ T cells with stem cell–like properties

(2014) Maria J Buzon et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

A cytoplasmic RNA virus generates functional viral small RNAs and regulates viral IRES activity in mammalian cells

(2014) Kuo-Feng Weng et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

HMGA1 recruits CTIP2-repressed P-TEFb to the HIV-1 and cellular target promoters

(2014) Sebastian Eilebrecht et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Activation Are Associated with HIV DNA in Resting CD4+ T Cells

(2014) Leslie R. Cockerham et al.   PLoS One

Persistent HIV-1 replication is associated with lower antiretroviral drug concentrations in lymphatic tissues

(2014) Courtney V. Fletcher et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Triptolide inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by promoting proteasomal degradation of Tat protein

(2014) Zhitao Wan et al.   Retrovirology

HIV-1 Latency in Monocytes/Macrophages

(2014) Amit Kumar et al.   Viruses-Basel

Activation of HIV Transcription with Short-Course Vorinostat in HIV-Infected Patients on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

(2014) Julian H. Elliott et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Impair the Elimination of HIV-Infected Cells by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes

(2014) Richard Brad Jones et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Dynamics of HIV Latency and Reactivation in a Primary CD4+ T Cell Model

(2014) Pejman Mohammadi et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Panobinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, for latent-virus reactivation in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy: a phase 1/2, single group, clinical trial

(2014) Thomas A Rasmussen et al.   Lancet HIV

Entinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor selective for class 1 histone deacetylases and activates HIV production from latently infected primary T cells

(2013) Fiona Wightman et al.   AIDS

Analysis of HIV Quasispecies Suggests Compartmentalization in the Liver

(2013) Patricia K. Penton et al.   AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES

Replication-Competent Noninduced Proviruses in the Latent Reservoir Increase Barrier to HIV-1 Cure

(2013) Ya-Chi Ho et al.   CELL

A Pilot Study Assessing the Safety and Latency-Reversing Activity of Disulfiram in HIV-1-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy

(2013) A. M. Spivak et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Quasispecies tropism and compartmentalization in gut and peripheral blood during early and chronic phases of HIV-1 infection: possible correlation with immune activation markers

(2013) G. Rozera et al.   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION

The Distribution of HIV DNA and RNA in Cell Subsets Differs in Gut and Blood of HIV-Positive Patients on ART: Implications for Viral Persistence

(2013) Steven A. Yukl et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CD133+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Harbor HIV Genomes in a Subset of Optimally Treated People With Long-Term Viral Suppression

(2013) L. A. McNamara et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

The Kidney as a Reservoir for HIV-1 after Renal Transplantation

(2013) G. Canaud et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY

High Levels of CD2 Expression Identify HIV-1 Latently Infected Resting Memory CD4+ T Cells in Virally Suppressed Subjects

(2013) M. Iglesias-Ussel et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

HIV-1 Nef Sequence and Functional Compartmentalization in the Gut Is Not Due to Differential Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Selective Pressure

(2013) Martha J. Lewis et al.   PLoS One

HIV DNA Reservoir Increases Risk for Cognitive Disorders in cART-Naïve Patients

(2013) Victor G. Valcour et al.   PLoS One

CTIP2 is a negative regulator of P-TEFb

(2013) T. Cherrier et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Reactivation of latent HIV-1 in central memory CD4+ T cells through TLR-1/2 stimulation

(2013) Camille L Novis et al.   Retrovirology

HIV-1 transcription and latency: an update

(2013) Carine Van Lint et al.   Retrovirology

The lungs as anatomical reservoirs of HIV infection

(2013) Cecilia T. Costiniuk et al.   REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Involvement of histone methyltransferase GLP in HIV-1 latency through catalysis of H3K9 dimethylation

(2013) Donglin Ding et al.   VIROLOGY

Epigenetic analysis of HIV-1 proviral genomes from infected individuals: Predominance of unmethylated CpG's

(2013) Stefanie Weber et al.   VIROLOGY

Comparison of HDAC inhibitors in clinical development

(2013) Thomas Aagaard Rasmussen et al.   Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

An In-Depth Comparison of Latent HIV-1 Reactivation in Multiple Cell Model Systems and Resting CD4+ T Cells from Aviremic Patients

(2013) Celsa A. Spina et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Promoter Targeting shRNA Suppresses HIV-1 Infection In vivo Through Transcriptional Gene Silencing

(2013) Kazuo Suzuki et al.   Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids

Histone methyltransferase inhibitors induce HIV-1 recovery in resting CD4+ T cells from HIV-1-infected HAART-treated patients

(2012) Sophie Bouchat et al.   AIDS

Disulfiram reactivates latent HIV-1 expression through depletion of the phosphatase and tensin homolog

(2012) Geneviève Doyon et al.   AIDS

Redefining the Viral Reservoirs that Prevent HIV-1 Eradication

(2012) Evelyn Eisele et al.   IMMUNITY

Stimulation of HIV-1-Specific Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Facilitates Elimination of Latent Viral Reservoir after Virus Reactivation

(2012) Liang Shan et al.   IMMUNITY

Bromodomain and Extra-terminal (BET) Bromodomain Inhibition Activate Transcription via Transient Release of Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (P-TEFb) from 7SK Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein

(2012) Koen Bartholomeeusen et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Follicular helper T cells serve as the major CD4 T cell compartment for HIV-1 infection, replication, and production

(2012) Matthieu Perreau et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Long-Term Nonprogressor and Elite Controller Patients Who Control Viremia Have a Higher Percentage of Methylation in Their HIV-1 Proviral Promoters than Aviremic Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

(2012) J. A. Palacios et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Cyclin T1 and CDK9 T-Loop Phosphorylation Are Downregulated during Establishment of HIV-1 Latency in Primary Resting Memory CD4+ T Cells

(2012) S. Budhiraja et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Paucity of HIV DNA Methylation in Latently Infected, Resting CD4+ T Cells from Infected Individuals Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

(2012) J. Blazkova et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Administration of vorinostat disrupts HIV-1 latency in patients on antiretroviral therapy

(2012) N. M. Archin et al.   NATURE

Designed, synthetically accessible bryostatin analogues potently induce activation of latent HIV reservoirs in vitro

(2012) Brian A. DeChristopher et al.   Nature Chemistry

HIV-1 pre-mRNA commitment to Rev mediated export through PSF and Matrin 3

(2012) Anna Kula et al.   VIROLOGY

Directly Infected Resting CD4+T Cells Can Produce HIV Gag without Spreading Infection in a Model of HIV Latency

(2012) Matthew J. Pace et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Absence of HIV-1 Evolution in the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue from Patients on Combination Antiviral Therapy Initiated during Primary Infection

(2012) Teresa H. Evering et al.   PLoS Pathogens

HIV envelope-mediated, CCR5/ 4 7-dependent killing of CD4-negative    T cells which are lost during progression to AIDS

(2011) H. Li et al.   BLOOD

TLR8 Activates HIV from Latently Infected Cells of Myeloid-Monocytic Origin Directly via the MAPK Pathway and from Latently Infected CD4 + T Cells Indirectly via TNF-α

(2011) Erika Schlaepfer et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Lack of Compartmentalization of HIV-1 Quasispecies Between the Gut and Peripheral Blood Compartments

(2011) Hiromi Imamichi et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Greater diversity of HIV DNA variants in the rectum compared to variants in the blood in patients without HAART

(2011) Véronique Avettand-Fenoel et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Negative Regulation of HIV-1 Transcription by a Heterodimeric NF-κB1/p50 and C-Terminally Truncated STAT5 Complex

(2011) Giulia Della Chiara et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Epigenetic Silencing of HIV-1 by the Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste 2

(2011) J. Friedman et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Disulfiram Reactivates Latent HIV-1 in a Bcl-2-Transduced Primary CD4+ T Cell Model without Inducing Global T Cell Activation

(2011) S. Xing et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

The Gut Mucosal Viral Reservoir in HIV-Infected Patients Is Not the Major Source of Rebound Plasma Viremia following Interruption of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

(2011) P. Lerner et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

A human memory T cell subset with stem cell–like properties

(2011) Luca Gattinoni et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Characterization of the HIV-1 RNA associated proteome identifies Matrin 3 as a nuclear cofactor of Rev function

(2011) Anna Kula et al.   Retrovirology

Deep Molecular Characterization of HIV-1 Dynamics under Suppressive HAART

(2011) Maria J. Buzón et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Discordance Between Cerebral Spinal Fluid and Plasma HIV Replication in Patients with Neurological Symptoms Who Are Receiving Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

(2010) Ana Canestri et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Involvement of Histone H3 Lysine 9 (H3K9) Methyltransferase G9a in the Maintenance of HIV-1 Latency and Its Reactivation by BIX01294

(2010) Kenichi Imai et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Both CD31+and CD31−Naive CD4+T Cells Are Persistent HIV Type 1–Infected Reservoirs in Individuals Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

(2010) Fiona Wightman et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

HIV DNA in circulating monocytes as a mechanism to dementia and other HIV complications

(2010) Victor G. Valcour et al.   JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY

In vivo, in vitro, and in silico analysis of methylation of the HIV-1 provirus

(2010) Leonard Chávez et al.   METHODS

Molecular mechanisms of neuroinvasion by monocytes-macrophages in HIV-1 infection

(2010) Gabriel Gras et al.   Retrovirology

Detection of HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma samples from treated patients with undetectable HIV-1 RNA in blood plasma

(2009) Anne-Geneviève Marcelin et al.   AIDS

Expression of latent human immunodeficiency type 1 is induced by novel and selective histone deacetylase inhibitors

(2009) Nancie M Archin et al.   AIDS

Persistent HIV RNA shedding in semen despite effective antiretroviral therapy

(2009) Prameet M Sheth et al.   AIDS

Premature Aging of T cells Is Associated With Faster HIV-1 Disease Progression

(2009) Weiwei Cao et al.   JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

Peripheral Blood CCR4+CCR6+ and CXCR3+CCR6+ CD4+ T Cells Are Highly Permissive to HIV-1 Infection

(2009) A. Gosselin et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Characterization of Cdk9 T-loop phosphorylation in resting and activated CD4+ T lymphocytes

(2009) Rajesh Ramakrishnan et al.   JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY

Compartmentalization and Clonal Amplification of HIV-1 Variants in the Cerebrospinal Fluid during Primary Infection

(2009) G. Schnell et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation

(2009) Nicolas Chomont et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

HIV DNA and cognition in a Thai longitudinal HAART initiation cohort: The SEARCH 001 Cohort Study

(2009) V. G. Valcour et al.   NEUROLOGY

Synergistic Activation of HIV-1 Expression by Deacetylase Inhibitors and Prostratin: Implications for Treatment of Latent Infection

(2009) Sophie Reuse et al.   PLoS One

The integrin  4 7 forms a complex with cell-surface CD4 and defines a T-cell subset that is highly susceptible to infection by HIV-1

(2009) C. Cicala et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Molecular control of HIV-1 postintegration latency: implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies

(2009) Laurence Colin et al.   Retrovirology

Control of Stochastic Gene Expression by Host Factors at the HIV Promoter

(2009) John C. Burnett et al.   PLoS Pathogens

miR-198 Inhibits HIV-1 Gene Expression and Replication in Monocytes and Its Mechanism of Action Appears To Involve Repression of Cyclin T1

(2009) Tzu-Ling Sung et al.   PLoS Pathogens

CpG Methylation Controls Reactivation of HIV from Latency

(2009) Jana Blazkova et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Epigenetic Regulation of HIV-1 Latency by Cytosine Methylation

(2009) Steven E. Kauder et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Male Genital Tract Compartmentalization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV)

(2008) Kurt Diem et al.   AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES

Orientation-Dependent Regulation of Integrated HIV-1 Expression by Host Gene Transcriptional Readthrough

(2008) Yefei Han et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Transcriptional Interference Antagonizes Proviral Gene Expression to Promote HIV Latency

(2008) Tina Lenasi et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

HIV-1 DNA load analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes from naïve and HAART-treated individuals

(2008) Davide Gibellini et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Persistence of HIV in Gut‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue despite Long‐Term Antiretroviral Therapy

(2008) Tae‐Wook Chun et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Resting Regulatory CD4 T Cells: A Site of HIV Persistence in Patients on Long-Term Effective Antiretroviral Therapy

(2008) Tu-Anh Tran et al.   PLoS One

Transcription Regulation Through Promoter-Proximal Pausing of RNA Polymerase II

(2008) L. J. Core et al.   SCIENCE