Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mizushi Yanagihara, Naoki Kishimoto, Kanae Nakahara, Towa Abe, Satoshi Miura, Bangzhong Lin, Megumi Fumimoto, Junichi Haruta, Shogo Misumi, Mitsuhiro Arisawa, Kenichi Murai
Summary: Structurally simplified analogues of ansellone A were synthesized by replacing the decalin skeleton with a lipophilic chain, and their HIV latency-reversing activities were evaluated. Two analogues with ether and alkenyl side chains showed comparable activities to ansellone A. The simplified compounds were easily synthesized using Prins cyclisation chemistry.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Anna Kula-Pacurar, Anthony Rodari, Gilles Darcis, Carine Van Lint
Summary: The shock-and-kill strategy relies on latency reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate HIV-1 and induce immune responses or cytopathic effects for elimination of latent virus. LRAs, particularly immunomodulatory ones, show potential for controlling HIV transcription pathways, but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood, complicating efforts to develop more efficient and safer cure strategies. Deciphering these mechanisms is crucial in designing approaches to eliminate latent HIV infection.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Aqueel Khan, Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Summary: The study focuses on HIV-1 latency and its role in hindering the eradication of HIV-1 infection. Using an atom-based 3D-QSAR model, the researchers aim to understand the structural requirements for developing potent HIV-1 latency reversal agents.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Preethi B. Balakrishnan, Carissa S. Holmberg, Debbie K. Ledezma, Alberto Bosque, Rohan Fernandes
Summary: This study investigates the use of nanoparticles as carriers to deliver drugs for the reactivation of latent HIV infection. The results show that polymeric-coated nanoparticles are more effective than free polymers in activating latent HIV and enhancing immune activation.
Review
Virology
Katherine M. Bricker, Ann Chahroudi, Maud Mavigner
Summary: The "shock and kill" strategy for treating HIV-1 involves reactivating latent infected cells with LRAs, exposing them to immune system killing. Progress has been made in this area through the NHP model, which has both advantages and limitations for evaluating treatment efficacy.
Article
Immunology
Geoffrey T. Ivison, Elena Vendrame, Giovanny J. Martinez-Colon, Thanmayi Ranganath, Rosemary Vergara, Nancy Q. Zhao, Maureen P. Martin, Sean C. Bendall, Mary Carrington, Joshua C. Cyktor, Deborah K. McMahon, Joseph Eron, R. Brad Jones, John W. Mellors, Ronald J. Bosch, Rajesh T. Gandhi, Susan Holmes, Catherine A. Blish
Summary: This study examines the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in controlling HIV-1 persistence during long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). The findings suggest that certain NK cell receptors and ligands are associated with HIV-1 persistence, as measured by various markers. Additionally, specific NK cell phenotypes were found to be related to HIV-1 persistence.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Anthony Rodari, Gilles Darcis, Carine M. Van Lint
Summary: cART effectively reduces HIV-1 replication but cannot cure the infection due to the persistence of stable HIV-1-infected cellular reservoirs, leading to viral rebound upon cART interruption. The shock and kill strategy aims to reactivate latent viral gene expression and eliminate infected cells to reduce the size of the HIV-1 reservoir. Different classes of latency reversing agents (LRAs) have been studied to improve reactivation of viral gene expression, and combining multiple LRAs simultaneously or sequentially may optimize the shock strategy.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 8
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ilaria Vicenti, Filippo Dragoni, Martina Monti, Claudia Maria Trombetta, Alessia Giannini, Adele Boccuto, Francesco Saladini, Barbara Rossetti, Andrea De Luca, Annalisa Ciabattini, Gabiria Pastore, Donata Medaglini, Giancarlo Orofino, Emanuele Montomoli, Maurizio Zazzi
Summary: Recent studies have shown that the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc may induce HIV-1 production in certain cell line models, but its effects on ex vivo CD4 T cells are inconsistent and require further investigation.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucas Henrique Rodrigues da Silva, Luana Correia Croda Catharino, Viviane Jennifer da Silva, Gabriela Coeli Menezes Evangelista, Jose Alexandre Marzagao Barbuto
Summary: Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a vital role in immune surveillance against tumors. Various NK-based therapies, including transfer of expanded and activated cells, genetic engineering, cytokine therapy, and tumor-specific antibody-guided cells, are being used in cancer treatment. This article also discusses the potential approaches to control glioblastoma.
Article
Immunology
Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu, Edurne Garcia-Vidal, Eudald Felip, Maria C. Puertas, Bruna Oriol-Tordera, Lucia Gutierrez-Chamorro, Andre Gohr, Marta Ruiz-Riol, Marta Massanella, Bonaventura Clotet, Javier Martinez-Picado, Roger Badia, Eva Riveira-Munoz, Ester Ballana
Summary: This study reveals the potential of selective JAK2 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for HIV-1 cure by modulating innate immune stimulation to reverse HIV latency and reduce the viral reservoir through a pathway driven by IRF7.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dennis C. Copertino, Carissa S. Holmberg, Jared Weiler, Adam R. Ward, J. Natalie Howard, Callie Levinger, Alina P. S. Pang, Michael J. Corley, Friederike Duendar, Paul Zumbo, Doron Betel, Rajesh T. Gandhi, Deborah K. McMahon, Ronald J. Bosch, Noemi Linden, Bernard J. Macatangay, Joshua C. Cyktor, Joseph J. Eron, John W. Mellors, Colin Kovacs, Erika Benko, Alberto Bosque, R. Brad Jones
Summary: IL-15 combined with HODHBt enhances HIV-specific cytotoxic T cell responses and reduces HIV latency.
Article
Microbiology
Yongwei Qin, Qinglan Wang, Jiahai Shi
Summary: The down-regulated expression of immune-activating receptors and enhanced expression of immune-inhibitory receptors play a role in chronic infectious diseases and cancer. However, the impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules on natural killer (NK) cells and their functions has been poorly studied. Understanding the function of NK cells during Mtb infection is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the immune mechanism and evaluation of immunotherapies for treating tuberculosis.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Siqin Duan, Shuwen Liu
Summary: This review highlights the immunotherapy strategies for HIV infection that utilize the beneficial properties of natural killer (NK) cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yiyang Lu, Kathrin Bohn-Wippert, Patrick J. Pazerunas, Jennifer M. Moy, Harpal Singh, Roy D. Dar
Summary: By screening gene expression noise, new latency-promoting agents have been identified to control HIV reactivation from latency, offering new strategies for treating HIV.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Francisco J. Solis, Luz M. Gonzalez
Summary: In this paper, a nonlinear advection-diffusion model is proposed to study the interaction between immune system cells and HPV-infected cells. The model considers both the innate and adaptive immune response. A numerical explicit scheme is presented to approximate the proposed model. Numerical simulations show the temporal evolution of the model cells and identify conditions for eliminating the infection.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
David M. Margolis
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Stuart R. Jefferys, Samuel D. Burgos, Jackson J. Peterson, Sara R. Selitsky, Anne-Marie Turner, Lindsey I. James, Yi-Hsuan Tsai, Alisha R. Coffey, David M. Margolis, Joel Parker, Edward P. Browne
Summary: HIV latency in CD4 T cells is a major barrier to curing HIV infection, characterized by elevated activity of specific transcription factors like Forkhead TFs and Kruppel-like factors, as well as the involvement of the protein CTCF in establishing latency. Targeting these factors may lead to new strategies to eliminate the HIV reservoir.
Article
Immunology
Moriah J. Castleman, Stephanie M. Dillon, Tezha A. Thompson, Mario L. Santiago, Martin D. McCarter, Edward Barker, Cara C. Wilson
Summary: The study reveals that human colonic ILC3s can express granzyme B in response to a subset of enteric bacteria through a process mediated by IL-15. This finding raises new questions about the multifunctional role of human gut ILC3s.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Carolina Garrido, Alan D. Curtis, Maria Dennis, Sachi H. Pathak, Hongmei Gao, David Montefiori, Mark Tomai, Christopher B. Fox, Pamela A. Kozlowski, Trevor Scobey, Jennifer E. Munt, Michael L. Mallory, Pooja T. Saha, Michael G. Hudgens, Lisa C. Lindesmith, Ralph S. Baric, Olubukola M. Abiona, Barney Graham, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Darin Edwards, Andrea Carfi, Genevieve Fouda, Koen K. A. Van Rompay, Kristina De Paris, Sallie R. Permar
Summary: The study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in infant Rhesus macaques, showing that both vaccines were well-tolerated and highly immunogenic. The vaccines elicited high levels of antibodies and cellular immune responses that persisted up to week 22, indicating the potential for a pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with durable immunity.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Carolina Garrido, Jillian H. Hurst, Cynthia G. Lorang, Jhoanna N. Aquino, Javier Rodriguez, Trevor S. Pfeiffer, Tulika Singh, Eleanor C. Semmes, Debra J. Lugo, Alexandre T. Rotta, Nicholas A. Turner, Thomas W. Burke, Micah T. McClain, Elizabeth A. Petzold, Sallie R. Permar, M. Anthony Moody, Christopher W. Woods, Matthew S. Kelly, Genevieve G. Fouda
Summary: The study found that children and adolescents with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection generate strong and durable humoral immune responses, which may help prevent reinfection.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brita Ostermeier, Natalia Soriano-Sarabia, Sanjay B. Maggirwar
Summary: Platelets play important roles in thrombosis, hemostasis, and viral infections by releasing factors with pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. Platelet microvesicles have potential use in therapy for viral infections, but more research is needed to understand their properties and efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dajiang Li, Morgan G. Dewey, Li Wang, Shane D. Falcinelli, Lilly M. Wong, Yuyang Tang, Edward P. Browne, Xian Chen, Nancie M. Archin, David M. Margolis, Guochun Jiang
Summary: This study found that crotonylation enhances AZD5582-induced noncanonical NF-kappa B signaling, further augmenting HIV latency reversal. TRIM27 is involved in the process of p100 cleavage to p52, and depletion of TRIM27 reduces HIV latency reversal.
Article
Immunology
Natasha Ferguson, Andrew Cogswell, Edward Barker
Summary: This study found that during SIV infection, ILCs in the colon produce more IL-22, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha, rather than IL-17. ILCs can play an important role when CD4(+) T lymphocytes lose their ability to secrete these cytokines, rather than due to an increase in ILCs.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Andrew Cogswell, Sungro Jo, Natasha Ferguson, Kajal Gupta, Edward Barker
Summary: Natural killer B (NKB) cells are found in the colon during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. These cells have features of both NK and B cells, expressing receptors and ligands important for antigen presentation, class switching, affinity maturation, B-cell memory formation, and antigen recognition. NKB cells express immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, and IgG, and exhibit cytolytic function and inflammatory cytokine production. They also have a higher proliferation capacity compared to NK cells and CD8(+) T cells. NKB cells may play a role in the enhanced inflammation observed in SIV-infected gut.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel W. Olson, Anne-Marie W. Turner, J. Winston Arney, Irfana Saleem, Chase A. Weidmann, David M. Margolis, Kevin M. Weeks, Anthony M. Mustoe
Summary: This study used a single-molecule chemical probing strategy, DANCE-MaP, to define the structural dynamics of 7SK RNA and revealed its role in regulating transcription and responding to cellular signals.
Review
Microbiology
Alisha Chitrakar, Marta Sanz, Sanjay B. Maggirwar, Natalia Soriano-Sarabia
Summary: The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV treatment has successfully controlled plasma viremia. However, a cure for HIV is hindered by the presence of replication-competent HIV that can persist in a resting state called viral latency. This review highlights the importance of other cell types, such as monocytes and macrophages, in designing HIV cure strategies.
Review
Immunology
Marta Sanz, Brendan T. Mann, Alisha Chitrakar, Natalia Soriano-Sarabia
Summary: COVID-19 is a complex disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, and the immune response to the disease can vary. The role of gamma delta T cells in COVID-19 has not been extensively studied, but they may contribute to the control of infection in mild to moderate clinical outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jeffrey L. Nordstrom, Guido Ferrari, David M. Margolis
Summary: A major strategy to target persistent HIV infection is to induce HIV provirus expression using drugs and then eliminate infected cells through enhanced immune responses. Bispecific antibody molecules can recognize infected cells and recruit immune cells to eliminate them, based on conserved viral epitopes.
JOURNAL OF VIRUS ERADICATION
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Marta Sanz, Brendan T. Mann, Alisha Chitrakar, Natalia Soriano-Sarabia
Summary: This manuscript reviews the major characteristics of gamma/delta T cells, the most abundant circulating subpopulation being V delta 2 T cells. It discusses their potential in cellular immunotherapy, recent advances in expansion protocols, their applications in preclinical and clinical settings for infectious diseases and malignancies, and the potential to enhance their therapeutic effects through additional modulation.
Review
Virology
Catherine A. Lewis, David M. Margolis, Edward P. Browne
Summary: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the prognosis for HIV-1 patients, but finding a cure remains challenging due to the long-lived latent reservoir. Recent research suggests that targeting the establishment of the reservoir at the initiation of ART could be a potential strategy to prevent its formation. This could be followed by treatment with latency reversal agents and immune clearance agents to fully eradicate the latent reservoir in newly treated patients. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in latency establishment and maintenance will aid in the development of new strategies for preventing and reversing latency.