Rethinking the Mechanism of the Health Benefits of Proanthocyanidins: Absorption, Metabolism, and Interaction with Gut Microbiota

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of grape pomace phenolic compounds in humans

(2018) Fabio Castello et al.   ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS

Flavonoid metabolism: the interaction of metabolites and gut microbiota

(2018) Kaeko Murota et al.   BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice ameliorates the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease in TNBS-induced colitis in rats

(2018) Stefka Valcheva-Kuzmanova et al.   FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY

Isolation of proanthocyanidins from red wine, and their inhibitory effects on melanin synthesis in vitro

(2018) Takahiro Fujimaki et al.   FOOD CHEMISTRY

Development and validation of an UHPLC-HRMS protocol for the analysis of flavan-3-ol metabolites and catabolites in urine, plasma and feces of rats fed a red wine proanthocyanidin extract

(2018) Gema Pereira-Caro et al.   FOOD CHEMISTRY

Proanthocyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Extract Modulates Intestinal Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice

(2018) Guangwen Jin et al.   JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE

Grape proanthocyanidin-induced intestinal bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila is dependent on its baseline abundance and precedes activation of host genes related to metabolic health

(2018) Li Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Evaluation of the chemical and nutritional characteristics of almonds (Prunus dulcis (Mill). D.A. Webb) as influenced by harvest time and cultivar

(2018) Carmine Summo et al.   JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

The safety of green tea and green tea extract consumption in adults – Results of a systematic review

(2018) Jiang Hu et al.   REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Dietary compound proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry ( Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves inhibit angiogenesis and regulate cell cycle of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells via targeting Akt pathway

(2018) Yu Zhang et al.   Journal of Functional Foods

Grape seed proanthocyanidins influence gut microbiota and enteroendocrine secretions in female rats

(2018) Àngela Casanova-Martí et al.   Food & Function

Interactions of flavonoids with α-amylase and starch slowing down its digestion

(2018) Umeo Takahama et al.   Food & Function

Estimation of Total Phenols, Flavanols and Extractability of Phenolic Compounds in Grape Seeds Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Chemometric Tools

(2018) Berta Baca-Bocanegra et al.   SENSORS

Treating Steroid Refractory Intestinal Acute Graft-vs.-Host Disease With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Pilot Study

(2018) Xiaofei Qi et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Effects of Maturity at Harvest and Fermentation Conditions on Bioactive Compounds of Cocoa Beans

(2018) Yen K. T. Dang et al.   PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION

The antiadhesive activity of cranberry phytocomplex studied by metabolomics: Intestinal PAC-A metabolites but not intact PAC-A are identified as markers in active urines against uropathogenic Escherichia coli

(2017) Gregorio Peron et al.   FITOTERAPIA

Proanthocyanidins from Uncaria rhynchophylla induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells while enhancing cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil

(2017) Xiao-Xin Chen et al.   FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY

Ficus virens proanthocyanidins induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells concomitantly ameliorated 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucositis in rats

(2017) Xiao-Xin Chen et al.   FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY

Influence of omega-3 PUFAs on the metabolism of proanthocyanidins in rats

(2017) Eunice Molinar-Toribio et al.   FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

Effects of the combination of ω-3 PUFAs and proanthocyanidins on the gut microbiota of healthy rats

(2017) Sara Ramos-Romero et al.   FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

The bioaccessible phenolic profile and antioxidant potential of Hypericum perfoliatum L. after simulated human digestion

(2017) Engin Celep et al.   INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS

5-(3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactone), a Major Microbial Metabolite of Proanthocyanidin, Attenuates THP-1 Monocyte-Endothelial Adhesion

(2017) Charles C. Lee et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Effect of the A-Type Linkage on the Pharmacokinetics and Intestinal Metabolism of Litchi Pericarp Oligomeric Procyanidins

(2017) Shuyi Li et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Characterization of grape and wine proanthocyanidins of Agiorgitiko ( Vitis vinifera L. cv.) cultivar grown in different regions of Nemea

(2017) Sofoklis Petropoulos et al.   JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Categorization of fruits according to their content of polyphenols and vitamin C, antiradical activity, and quality parameters

(2017) Mina K. Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION

Phytochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Wild Blueberries and Lingonberries

(2017) Paulina Dróżdż et al.   PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION

Aronia ( Aronia melanocarpa ) phenolics bioavailability in a combined in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model is structure and colon region dependent

(2017) Ting Wu et al.   Journal of Functional Foods

Proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry ( Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves regulate lipid metabolism and glucose consumption by activating AMPK pathway in HepG2 cells

(2017) Yu Zhang et al.   Journal of Functional Foods

5-(3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone and its sulphate conjugates, representative circulating metabolites of flavan-3-ols, exhibit anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli in bladder epithelial cells

(2017) Pedro Mena et al.   Journal of Functional Foods

Alterations to metabolically active bacteria in the mucosa of the small intestine predict anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities of grape seed extract in mice

(2017) Laura E. Griffin et al.   Food & Function

Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model

(2017) Athanasios Koutsos et al.   Nutrients

A polyphenol-enriched diet and Ascaris suum infection modulate mucosal immune responses and gut microbiota composition in pigs

(2017) Andrew R. Williams et al.   PLoS One

Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Recurrence in Multiply Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection

(2016) Colleen R. Kelly et al.   ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins: occurrence, dietary intake and pharmacological effects

(2016) Antonella Smeriglio et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Analysis of distribution and pharmacokinetics of litchi pericarp procyanidins in rat plasma and organs by using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

(2016) Qian Wu et al.   EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

A review of methods used for investigation of protein-phenolic compound interactions

(2016) Jaroslaw Czubinski et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Proanthocyanidins potentiate hypothalamic leptin/STAT3 signalling and Pomc gene expression in rats with diet-induced obesity

(2016) M Ibars et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY

Phenolics of Selected Cranberry Genotypes (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and Their Antioxidant Efficacy

(2016) Gihan Abeywickrama et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Change in stability of procyanidins, antioxidant capacity and in-vitro bioaccessibility during processing of cocoa powder from cocoa beans

(2016) Mine Gültekin-Özgüven et al.   LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Anthocyanins in Strawberry Polyphenolic Extract Enhance the Beneficial Effects of Diets with Fructooligosaccharides in the Rat Cecal Environment

(2016) Bartosz Fotschki et al.   PLoS One

Phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and hexanal content of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) as affected by different storage conditions

(2016) Daniela Ghirardello et al.   POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY

Evaluation of the distribution and metabolism of polyphenols derived from cupuassu ( Theobroma grandiflorum ) in mice gastrointestinal tract by UPLC-ESI-QTOF

(2016) Helena Rudge de Moraes Barros et al.   Journal of Functional Foods

Ability of cranberry proanthocyanidins in combination with a probiotic formulation to inhibit in vitro invasion of gut epithelial cells by extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli

(2016) M.A. Polewski et al.   Journal of Functional Foods

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry ( Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves

(2016) Yu Zhang et al.   Journal of Functional Foods

Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) improve weaned intestinal microbiota and mucosal barrier using a piglet model

(2016) Meng Han et al.   Oncotarget

Non-absorbable apple procyanidins prevent obesity associated with gut microbial and metabolomic changes

(2016) Saeko Masumoto et al.   Scientific Reports

The impact of polyphenols on Bifidobacterium growth

(2015) Daniela Gwiazdowska et al.   ACTA BIOCHIMICA POLONICA

Biotransformation of (−)-Epigallocatechin and (−)-Gallocatechin by Intestinal Bacteria Involved in Isoflavone Metabolism

(2015) Akiko Takagaki et al.   BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut BacteriumAkkermansia muciniphilaand Attenuate High-Fat Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome

(2015) Diana E. Roopchand et al.   DIABETES

Interaction of dietary compounds, especially polyphenols, with the intestinal microbiota: a review

(2015) Aleksandra Duda-Chodak et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Comparative in vitro fermentations of cranberry and grape seed polyphenols with colonic microbiota

(2015) Fernando Sánchez-Patán et al.   FOOD CHEMISTRY

Impact of in vitro simulated digestion on the potential health benefits of proanthocyanidins from Choerospondias axillaris peels

(2015) Qian Li et al.   FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

Metabolites and Changes in Antioxidant Activity of A-Type and B-Type Proanthocyanidin Dimers after Incubation with Rat Intestinal Microbiota

(2015) Zhen-zhen Ge et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Isolation of a Tetrameric A-type Proanthocyanidin Containing Fraction from Fresh Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Leaves Using High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography

(2015) N. Savitri Kumar et al.   JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES

Susceptibility and Tolerance of Human Gut Culturable Aerobic Microbiota to Wine Polyphenols

(2015) Carolina Cueva et al.   Microbial Drug Resistance

Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ols: A randomized cross-over study in humans

(2015) Stefanie Wiese et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity

(2015) Emanuel E. Canfora et al.   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Roles of proanthocyanidin rich extracts in obesity

(2015) M. Josepa Salvadó et al.   Food & Function

Selective extraction of polysaccharide affects the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by grape cell walls

(2014) Yolanda Ruiz-Garcia et al.   CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS

A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increasedAkkermansiaspp. population in the gut microbiota of mice

(2014) Fernando F Anhê et al.   GUT

Dietary Supplementation with Cocoa Flavanols Does Not Alter Colon Tissue Profiles of Native Flavanols and Their Microbial Metabolites Established during Habitual Dietary Exposure in C57BL/6J Mice

(2014) Katheryn M. Goodrich et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Microbial catabolism of procyanidins by human gut microbiota

(2014) Keqin Ou et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

Phenolic metabolites and substantial microbiome changes in pig feces by ingesting grape seed proanthocyanidins

(2014) Ying Yng Choy et al.   Food & Function

Recent Advances and Uses of Grape Flavonoids as Nutraceuticals

(2014) Vasil Georgiev et al.   Nutrients

Human studies on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of tea polyphenols

(2013) Michael N Clifford et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION

Toward Unraveling Grape Tannin Composition: Application of Online Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography × Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Grape Seed Analysis

(2013) Kathithileni M. Kalili et al.   ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Linking the gut microbiota to human health

(2013) Virginia Robles Alonso et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Simulated digestion of proanthocyanidins in grape skin and seed extracts and the effects of digestion on the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity

(2013) Katherina Fernández et al.   FOOD CHEMISTRY

Effects of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Tannins on α-Amylase Activity and in Vitro Digestibility of Starch in Raw and Processed Flours

(2013) Nyambe L. Mkandawire et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Increasing Antioxidant Activity of Procyanidin Extracts from the Pericarp of Litchi chinensis Processing Waste by Two Probiotic Bacteria Bioconversions

(2013) Shuyi Li et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Absorption and metabolism of proanthocyanidins

(2013) Keqin Ou et al.   Journal of Functional Foods

Intake of dietary procyanidins does not contribute to the pool of circulating flavanols in humans

(2012) Javier I Ottaviani et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION

Isolation and Characterization of a Human Intestinal Bacterium Eggerthella sp. CAT-1 Capable of Cleaving the C-Ring of (+)-Catechin and (^|^#8722;)-Epicatechin, Followed by p-Dehydroxylation of the B-Ring

(2012) Jong-Sik Jin et al.   BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

In vitrofermentation of grape seed flavan-3-ol fractions by human faecal microbiota: changes in microbial groups and phenolic metabolites

(2012) Carolina Cueva et al.   FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY

In vitro intestinal transport of oligomeric procyanidins (DP 2 to 4) across monolayers of Caco-2 cells

(2012) Stefanie Zumdick et al.   FITOTERAPIA

Transport of Cranberry A-Type Procyanidin Dimers, Trimers, and Tetramers across Monolayers of Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells

(2012) Keqin Ou et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Capability of Lactobacillus plantarum IFPL935 To Catabolize Flavan-3-ol Compounds and Complex Phenolic Extracts

(2012) Fernando Sánchez-Patán et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Grape Proanthocyanidin Inhibit Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo through Induction of Apoptosis and by Targeting the PI3K/Akt Pathway

(2012) Ram Prasad et al.   PLoS One

Gut microbial catabolism of grape seed flavan-3-ols by human faecal microbiota. Targetted analysis of precursor compounds, intermediate metabolites and end-products

(2011) Fernando Sánchez-Patán et al.   FOOD CHEMISTRY

Large procyanidins prevent bile-acid-induced oxidant production and membrane-initiated ERK1/2, p38, and Akt activation in Caco-2 cells

(2011) Mathieu Da Silva et al.   FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Characterization of Unusual Proanthocyanidins in Leaves of Bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.)

(2011) Haihua Yang et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Intestinal Metabolism of Two A-type Procyanidins Using the Pig Cecum Model: Detailed Structure Elucidation of Unknown Catabolites with Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FTMS)

(2011) Anna Engemann et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Isolation of catechin-converting human intestinal bacteria

(2011) M. Kutschera et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children

(2011) Giovanni Montini et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Prebiotic evaluation of cocoa-derived flavanols in healthy humans by using a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention study

(2010) Xenofon Tzounis et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION

Procyanidin B2 catabolism by human fecal microflora: Partial characterization of ‘dimeric’ intermediates

(2010) Stavroula Stoupi et al.   ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS

Determination of catechin diastereomers from the leaves ofByrsonimaspecies using chiral HPLC-PAD-CD

(2010) Daniel Rinaldo et al.   CHIRALITY

Intestinal transit and systemic metabolism of apple polyphenols

(2010) Kathrin Kahle et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Metabolic pathways of the colonic metabolism of procyanidins (monomers and dimers) and alkaloids

(2010) Aida Serra et al.   FOOD CHEMISTRY

The stereochemical configuration of flavanols influences the level and metabolism of flavanols in humans and their biological activity in vivo

(2010) Javier I. Ottaviani et al.   FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Catechin Glucosides: Occurrence, Synthesis, and Stability

(2010) Thomas Raab et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Proanthocyanidins Inhibit In vitro and In vivo Growth of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Prostaglandin E2 and Prostaglandin E2 Receptors

(2010) S. D. Sharma et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS

Insights into the metabolism and microbial biotransformation of dietary flavan-3-ols and the bioactivity of their metabolites

(2010) Maria Monagas et al.   Food & Function

Bioavailability of procyanidin dimers and trimers and matrix food effects in in vitro and in vivo models

(2009) Aida Serra et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Inhibit the Growth of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenografts by Targeting Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3, Tumor Cell Proliferation, and Angiogenic Factors

(2009) S. Akhtar et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

Proanthocyanidins in Common Food Products of Plant Origin

(2009) Jarkko K. Hellström et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Procyanidin Dimers Are Metabolized by Human Microbiota with 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acetic Acid and 5-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone as the Major Metabolites

(2009) Maaike M. Appeldoorn et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Interaction between Phenolics and Gut Microbiota: Role in Human Health

(2009) María V. Selma et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Green Tea Flavan-3-ols: Colonic Degradation and Urinary Excretion of Catabolites by Humans

(2009) Suri Roowi et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Procyanidin Dimers A1, A2, and B2 Are Absorbed without Conjugation or Methylation from the Small Intestine of Rats

(2009) Maaike M. Appeldoorn et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of green tea flavan-3-ols in humans with an ileostomy

(2009) Angélique Stalmach et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

Studies on the effects of oral administration of nutrient mixture, quercetin and red onions on the bioavailability of epigallocatechin gallate from green tea extract

(2009) Anup Kale et al.   PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH

Grape Variety Effect on Proanthocyanidin Composition and Sensory Perception of Skin and Seed Tannin Extracts from Bordeaux Wine Grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot) for Two Consecutive Vintages (2006 and 2007)

(2008) Kleopatra Chira et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Eclipse Black Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Affected by Processing Methods

(2008) B.J. Xu et al.   JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE

Absorption, metabolism and excretion of Choladi green tea flavan-3-ols by humans

(2008) Angélique Stalmach et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH