Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hua Zhu, Xin Zhong
Summary: In this study, six flavonoid derivatives were synthesized and tested for their anti-alpha-glucosidase activities. The results showed that all derivatives exhibited excellent inhibitory effects on alpha-glucosidase, with derivative four displaying the highest activity. Further analysis of the structure-activity relationship, inhibitory mechanism, and molecular docking revealed that the bromine group was the most beneficial group for anti-alpha-glucosidase activity.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yaxian Wu, Golam Jalal Ahammed, Zhengzhen Li, Yameng Wang, Qianying Wang, Mingya Fang, Yanping Zhang, Haihe Liu, Xin Li
Summary: The present study investigated the role of EGCG in melon's response to glyphosate and carbendazim treatments. It was found that EGCG application alleviated pesticide phytotoxicity by regulating pesticide metabolism and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. These findings provide a theoretical basis for using EGCG to attenuate pesticide phytotoxicity and improve food safety.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huixia Hu, Huimin Yong, Xiyu Yao, Dawei Yun, Jinbao Huang, Jun Liu
Summary: The study successfully functionalized cassava starch aldehyde with catechin through acid catalyzed condensation reaction, forming conjugates with high stability and strong antioxidant activity. The conjugates showed higher stability than free catechin, enhanced reducing power and radical scavenging activity, and could potentially be used as antioxidants in the food industry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Viola Kolarikova, Katerina Brodsky, Lucie Petraskova, Helena Pelantova, Josef Cvacka, Libor Havlicek, Vladimir Kren, Katerina Valentova
Summary: Ten phenolic acids were synthesized into their sulfated metabolites using chemoenzymatic and chemical methods. The study also highlighted the importance of counterions in sulfates. These products will be used as standards in metabolic studies and to determine their biological activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kumaravel Kaliaperumal, Linyan Zhang, Liangliang Gao, Qin Xiong, Yan Liang, Yueming Jiang, Jun Zhang
Summary: Hesperidin, a major flavonoid in orange fruit, has been found to inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the enzyme. This study provides new insights into the inhibitory mechanisms of hesperidin on alpha-glucosidase and supports its potential application as a hypoglycemic functional food.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh, Trinh Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thanh Tam, Ba Thi Cham, Bui Huu Tai, Do Thi Thao, Dinh Gia Thien, Vu Tien Chinh, Nguyen Thi Hoang Anh
Summary: The first chemical study of Impatiens parvisepala resulted in the isolation of a new triterpene saponin along with ten known compounds. The structures of these compounds were determined through various spectroscopic analyses. Additionally, one of the flavonoid glycosides showed significant inhibition of alpha-glucosidase.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Golam Jalal Ahammed, Yaxian Wu, Yameng Wang, Tianmeng Guo, Rubya Shamsy, Xin Li
Summary: Catechins, particularly EGCG, are important secondary metabolites found in tea plants. The synthesis of catechins is affected by various environmental stresses, and their accumulation is closely related to plant stress tolerance. Additionally, exogenous catechin application has been shown to enhance various aspects of plant growth and development under perturbed conditions. However, high concentrations of catechins can be phytotoxic. This article reviews the biological functions of catechins, particularly EGCG, in plants and discusses their roles in plant adaptation to variable environments as well as their effects on plant growth and adaptation in other plant species. Overall, catechins play a critical role in plant environmental adaptability and immune response, and their properties can be utilized to enhance crop production in an environmentally friendly manner.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Nguyen Huu Quan, Pho Thi Thuy Hang, Nguyen Thi Thu Nga, Ho Viet Duc, Vu Thi Hue, Sy Danh Thuong, Le Nguyen Thanh, Chu Hoang Mau
Summary: A new cyclobutane derivative and a new flavonoid glycoside, along with thirteen known compounds, were isolated from the leaves of Adinandra megaphylla Hu. Compounds 4, 5, and 7 showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase activity.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Fengyu Guo, Jie An, Minlong Wang, Weibo Zhang, Chong Chen, Xueying Mao, Siyuan Liu, Pengjie Wang, Fazheng Ren
Summary: In this study, Quercimeritrin was identified as a selective inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase and shown to effectively control postprandial blood glucose in vivo. The results provide insights into using flavone aglycones to improve postprandial blood glucose levels.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wan-Chu Hsieh, Chih-Wun Fang, Muhammad Suhail, Quoc Lam Vu, Chih-Hung Chuang, Pao-Chu Wu
Summary: The study demonstrated that catechin-loaded transfersomes have good physicochemical properties and high encapsulation efficiency, which can effectively enhance skin permeability, inhibit tyrosinase activity, and exhibit good biocompatibility on animal skin. Therefore, topical administration of catechin-loaded transfersomes may be considered as a potential strategy for treating skin photo-damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Titiana V. V. Zheleznichenko, Tatiana N. N. Veklich, Vera A. A. Kostikova
Summary: This study successfully achieved micropropagation and morphogenesis initiation of S. pallasii in vitro, and identified some characteristics of its active compounds. This lays the foundation for further biotechnological and phytochemical research on S. pallasii.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christopher F. Cain, Aaron M. Scott, Matthew P. Sarnowski, Juan R. Del Valle
Summary: We report the chemical synthesis of pseudouridimycin (1), an antimicrobial natural product that selectively inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase. Intramolecular hydroxamate bond scission was found to be a major decomposition pathway for 1 in aqueous buffer. Replacement of the hydroxamate bond with a tertiary amide resulted in a conformational isostere resistant to degradation. These findings lay the foundation for the design and synthesis of analogues with improved chemical stability and biological activity.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jin-Long Tian, Min Zhao, Jing-Yi Xu, Tian-Meng Lv, Xiao-Chang Liu, Sheng Sun, Qi Guan, Zhen-Chi Zhou, Jie Wu, Ming-Yue Zhao, Yue Li, Han-Xiao Liu, Sheng-Li Niu, Ping Hu
Summary: A systematic study on prenylated flavonoids from mulberry leaves led to the discovery of 10 characteristic compounds, including two new compounds. Compound 2 showed the best alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, better than acarbose. Further tests confirmed that compound 2 can effectively reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. Molecular simulation studies revealed the inhibition mechanism, providing a reference for future research.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ibrahim A. Aljuffali, Chih-Hung Lin, Shih-Chun Yang, Ahmed Alalaiwe, Jia-You Fang
Summary: Tea catechins are bioactive compounds that can be used to treat various skin disorders. Nanomedicine provides an opportunity to enhance the delivery and absorption of catechins, improving their effectiveness. Different types of nanoparticles have been used for topical application of catechins, enhancing their permeation through various mechanisms.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Longwei Jiang, Fenghui Wang, Mengyu Du, Cancan Xie, Xinyan Xie, Huajiang Zhang, Xiangyi Meng, Anqi Li, Tianyi Deng
Summary: In this study, nanoscale alpha-, beta-, gamma-cyclodextrin (CD)-metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were successfully prepared using a solvothermal assisted ultrasound method. The CD-MOFs were used as nanocarriers to encapsulate catechin (CA), and their encapsulation capacities were evaluated. The results showed that the beta-CD-MOFs had the highest encapsulation capacity for CA. Characterization techniques such as SEM, FT-IR, XRD and DSC confirmed the formation of CA/CD-MOFs and the interaction between CA and CD-MOFs through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The encapsulation of CA within CD-MOFs provided it with protection against light, oxygen and temperature and improved its storage stability and bioavailability.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Rizliya Visvanathan, Michael J. Houghton, Gary Williamson
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the inhibition of human alpha-amylase activity by (poly)phenols using different substrates and quantification methods. The results showed varying IC50 values and interference levels, indicating diverse inhibition mechanisms of these (poly)phenols on starch hydrolysis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarka Tumova, Yuanlu Shi, Ian M. Carr, Gary Williamson
Summary: The study found that quercetin and its metabolites lower uric acid concentration in vivo by inhibiting xanthine oxidoreductase activity, but their effect on other enzymes is weaker. In a cell model, while some changes in gene expression were observed after uric acid treatment, they were not significant.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rizliya Visvanathan, Gary Williamson
Summary: This review evaluates the mechanisms by which citrus (poly)phenols affect markers of type 2 diabetes. Animal studies suggest that long-term effects are more significant than acute effects. Citrus (poly)phenol metabolites have notable effects on hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, but a modest effect on digestion and sugar absorption in the gut. In vitro studies often use unrealistically high concentrations and forms of compounds, compromising physiological relevance. Future research should consider concentration and the role of gut microbiota catabolites in the action of citrus (poly)phenols.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Nisamanee Charoenchon, Lesley E. Rhodes, Anna Nicolaou, Gary Williamson, Rachel E. B. Watson, Mark D. Farrar
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea catechins (GTCs) on ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced changes to the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM). The results showed that UVR exposure significantly altered the human dermal collagen and elastic fibre networks, while oral GTC supplementation protected against changes in fibulin-5. These findings suggest that GTCs may have potential protective effects against UVR-induced damage to the skin.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Gary Williamson
Summary: Dietary polyphenols can interact with glucose transporters in the small intestine and modulate glucose uptake after eating or drinking. For example, apple polyphenol phlorizin inhibits glucose transporter-1 and is converted to phloretin in the intestinal lumen, which can effectively inhibit glucose transporter-2. As a result, an apple extract rich in phlorizin can lower blood glucose and insulin levels in healthy individuals after consuming glucose challenge. However, the olive phenolic oleuropein inhibits glucose transporter-2, but its inhibition strength is not enough to modulate blood glucose in healthy volunteers after glucose challenge. In addition, little is known about the acute effects of polyphenols on secondary effects induced by glucose consumption, apart from their postprandial effects on glucose, insulin, and some incretin hormones.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Margaret Murray, Melinda T. Coughlan, Anne Gibbon, Vinod Kumar, Francine Z. Marques, Sophie Selby-Pham, Matthew Snelson, Kirill Tsyganov, Gary Williamson, Trent M. Woodruff, Tong Wu, Louise E. Bennett
Summary: High-heat processed foods containing resistant proteins can lead to microbial fermentation and produce metabolites that may increase the risk of chronic diseases. This study used pigs as a model and found that a resistant protein diet altered the microbiome composition and resulted in higher levels of inflammation and the potential risk of chronic kidney disease.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Juanita J. Fewkes, Nicole J. Kellow, Stephanie F. Cowan, Gary Williamson, Aimee L. Dordevic
Summary: A single high-fat meal adversely affects endothelial function, with younger, healthy-weight individuals experiencing a greater reduction. The percentage of fat in the meal is inversely associated with the magnitude of endothelial function changes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rizliya Visvanathan, Gary Williamson
Summary: The consumption of citrus fruits has been linked to various health-promoting effects. However, the absorption and metabolism of citrus (poly)phenols are influenced by multiple factors, including age, sex, gut microbiota, and food. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the absorption and metabolism of citrus (poly)phenols.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Michael N. Clifford, Laurence J. King, Asimina Kerimi, Maria Gema Pereira-Caro, Gary Williamson
Summary: This review discusses the modulation of gut microbiota and endogenous beta-oxidation by phenyl-ring substitution and flux in omega-phenyl-alkenoic acids. Different types of omega-phenyl-alkenoic acids have different metabolic pathways and substrate characteristics, which may be related to limited pools of coenzyme A and metabolic regulation in the body.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Elizabeth Barber, Michael J. Houghton, Rizliya Visvanathan, Gary Williamson
Summary: This article presents an in vitro protocol for accurately assessing the activity of alpha-amylases and alpha-glucosidases. The method is suitable for measuring the activity of inhibitors, drugs, and extracts, and quantifies the substrates and digestive products directly using high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD).
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Margaret Murray, Christopher K. K. Barlow, Scott Blundell, Mark Buecking, Anne Gibbon, Bernd Goeckener, Lisa M. M. Kaminskas, Patricia Leitner, Sophie Selby-Pham, Andrew Sinclair, Habtewold D. D. Waktola, Gary Williamson, Louise E. E. Bennett
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between diet, gut microbiota, and mental health using C-14 radiolabeling. The results suggest that the fermentation of amino acids by gut microbiota may lead to the production of harmful metabolites and disturb the availability of neurotransmitter precursors to the brain. The significance of this research lies in providing a better understanding of the impact of diet on mental health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Katie Treasure, James Harris, Gary Williamson
Summary: Dysregulation of innate immune responses can lead to chronic inflammatory conditions. Glucocorticoids are effective but come with serious side effects. Sulforaphane, derived from plants of the brassica family, has shown potential as an alternative therapy due to its induction of detoxification enzymes and anti-inflammatory properties. It may also have steroid-sparing activity, making it a promising adjunctive treatment. Further research is needed to fully understand its clinical applications.
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Aimee L. Dordevic, Gary Williamson
Summary: Despite differences in study design, common gene changes are identified in PBMCs following a high fat meal. These common genes and processes will facilitate definition of the postprandial transcriptome as part of the overall postcibalome, linking all molecules and processes that change in the blood after a meal.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mena Farazi, Michael J. Houghton, Margaret Murray, Gary Williamson
Summary: An elevated postprandial glycaemic response is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nuts have the potential to inhibit alpha-glucosidases through their content of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. However, there is a lack of studies on the inhibitory potential of nut extracts against human alpha-glucosidases.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gary Williamson, Asimina Kerimi, Michael Houghton