The Latest Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of COVID-19 on Non-Lung Organs

Functions of human olfactory mucus and age-dependent changes

(2023) Tomohiro Shirai et al.   Scientific Reports

From delta to Omicron: S1-RBD/S2 mutation/deletion equilibrium in SARS-CoV-2 defined variants

(2022) Vasileios Papanikolaou et al.   GENE

Gastrointestinal Involvement in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

(2022) Tsung-Hsien Chen et al.   Viruses-Basel

Endocrine and metabolic complications of COVID-19: lessons learned and future prospects

(2022) Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

SARS-CoV-2 induces barrier damage and inflammatory responses in the human iPSC-derived intestinal epithelium

(2022) Shigeru Yamada et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES

An Update on the Mutual Impact between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Gut Microbiota

(2022) Shaoshuai Li et al.   Viruses-Basel

Coronavirus Disease-2019 and Implications on the Liver

(2022) Patrick T. Campbell et al.   Clinics in Liver Disease

SARS-CoV-2 induced hepatic injuries and liver complications

(2022) Umar Saeed et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

In Silico Discovery of GPCRs and GnRHRs as Novel Binding Receptors of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Could Explain Neuroendocrine Disorders in COVID-19

(2022) Mahmoud Elkazzaz et al.   Vaccines

Regulation of RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling: interaction between host and viral factors

(2021) Koji Onomoto et al.   Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Coronavirus disease 2019 and neurodegenerative disease

(2021) Lindsay S. McAlpine et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY

COVID-19 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4): SARS-CoV-2 May Bind and Activate TLR4 to Increase ACE2 Expression, Facilitating Entry and Causing Hyperinflammation

(2021) Mohamed M. Aboudounya et al.   MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION

COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics

(2021) Rameswari Chilamakuri et al.   Cells

DPP4 Inhibitors and COVID-19–Holy Grail or Another Dead End?

(2021) Alicja Krejner-Bienias et al.   ARCHIVUM IMMUNOLOGIAE ET THERAPIAE EXPERIMENTALIS

Peripheral Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19

(2021) Sasan Andalib et al.   Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2; Consequences in structure, function, and pathogenicity of the virus

(2021) Behnaz Bakhshandeh et al.   MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS

Implications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection for neurogastroenterology

(2021) Giovanni Marasco et al.   NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY

Smell and taste disorders in COVID-19: From pathogenesis to clinical features and outcomes

(2021) Andrea Mastrangelo et al.   NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS

Inhibitors of endosomal acidification suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and relieve viral pneumonia in hACE2 transgenic mice

(2021) Chao Shang et al.   Virology Journal

Insights into the possible impact of COVID-19 on the endocrine system

(2021) Adel Abdel-Moneim et al.   ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Relationship between betacoronaviruses and the endocrine system: a new key to understand the COVID-19 pandemic—A comprehensive review

(2021) T. Piticchio et al.   JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

Presence of SARS-CoV-2 Transcripts in the Choroid Plexus of MS and Non-MS Patients With COVID-19

(2021) Vidmante Fuchs et al.   Neurology-Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID‐19, a double‐edged sword?

(2021) Xiaohuan Xia et al.   IMMUNOLOGY

Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 being challenged by virus variation and asymptomatic infection

(2021) Congshan Jiang et al.   Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis

Notable sequence homology of the ORF10 protein introspects the architecture of SARS-CoV-2

(2021) Sk. Sarif Hassan et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)

(2021) Evgenii Gusev et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 entry

(2021) John P. Evans et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

(2021) Tommaso Ercoli et al.   NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Deleterious Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Human Pancreatic Cells

(2021) Syairah Hanan Shaharuddin et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments

(2021) Sangiliyandi Gurunathan et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

CD209L/L-SIGN and CD209/DC-SIGN Act as Receptors for SARS-CoV-2

(2021) Razie Amraei et al.   ACS Central Science

SARS-CoV-2 Entry: At the Crossroads of CD147 and ACE2

(2021) Claudio Fenizia et al.   Cells

In-Silico Evidence for a Two Receptor Based Strategy of SARS-CoV-2

(2021) Edoardo Milanetti et al.   Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

The Impact of COVID-19 on Liver Injury

(2021) Dr. Reham M. Dawood et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES

SARS-CoV-2 Psychiatric Sequelae: A Review of Neuroendocrine Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

(2021) Mary G Hornick et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

(2021) Felicia Ceban et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Critical care management of infectious meningitis and encephalitis

(2020) Geert Meyfroidt et al.   INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE

Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

(2020) Dawei Wang et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS

(2020) Yushun Wan et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding

(2020) Roujian Lu et al.   LANCET

A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

(2020) Peng Zhou et al.   NATURE

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients

(2020) Lirong Zou et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

(2020) Daniel Wrapp et al.   SCIENCE

High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa

(2020) Hao Xu et al.   International Journal of Oral Science

SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions

(2020) Luca Zanin et al.   ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA

SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection

(2020) Francesca Colavita et al.   ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses

(2020) Yeshun Wu et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Engineered Human Tissues Using Clinical-Grade Soluble Human ACE2

(2020) Vanessa Monteil et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

The ocular surface, coronaviruses and COVID ‐19

(2020) Mark DP Willcox et al.   Clinical and Experimental Optometry

New onset acute symptomatic seizure and risk factors in coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective multicenter study

(2020) Lu Lu et al.   EPILEPSIA

The role of self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction as a screening criterion for suspected COVID-19

(2020) Liang En Wee et al.   EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study

(2020) Jerome R. Lechien et al.   EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY

Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) Lu Lin et al.   GUT

Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID‐19

(2020) Adriano Nunes Kochi et al.   JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY

Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A literature review

(2020) Imran Ahmad et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE

Expression of the COVID‐19 receptor ACE2 in the human conjunctiva

(2020) Clemens Lange et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

In silico studies on the comparative characterization of the interactions of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein with ACE‐2 receptor homologs and human TLRs

(2020) Abhigyan Choudhury et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Causes of hypogeusia/hyposmia in SARS‐CoV2 infected patients

(2020) Josef Finsterer et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Conjunctiva is not a preferred gateway of entry for SARS-CoV-2 to infect respiratory tract

(2020) Zhe Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19

(2020) Paula M Marinho et al.   LANCET

Bioinformatic analysis and identification of single-stranded RNA sequences recognized by TLR7/8 in the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV genomes

(2020) Mario Adán Moreno-Eutimio et al.   MICROBES AND INFECTION

SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes

(2020) Waradon Sungnak et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Acute Symptomatic Seizures in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: Is There an Association?

(2020) Madihah Hepburn et al.   Neurocritical Care

Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young

(2020) Thomas J. Oxley et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect the Eyes? A Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans and Animals

(2020) Ivan Seah et al.   OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION

Brain MRI Findings in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19 Infection

(2020) Sedat G Kandemirli et al.   RADIOLOGY

SARS2-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System

(2020) Shadi Yaghi et al.   STROKE

Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV

(2020) Xiuyuan Ou et al.   Nature Communications

Characteristics of Ocular Findings of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China

(2020) Ping Wu et al.   JAMA Ophthalmology

Evolutionary Trajectory for the Emergence of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Saif ur Rehman et al.   Pathogens

Taste and smell disorders in COVID-19 patients: role of Interleukin-6

(2020) Angela Pia Cazzolla et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Olfactory Mucosa Result in COVID-19 Induced Anosmia

(2020) Abolfazl Torabi et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Anosmia in COVID-19: A Bumpy Road to Establishing a Cellular Mechanism

(2020) Katarzyna Bilinska et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Contribute to Immunothrombosis in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

(2020) Elizabeth A Middleton et al.   BLOOD

Guillain–Barré syndrome associated with leptomeningeal enhancement following SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) Agustín Sancho-Saldaña et al.   CLINICAL MEDICINE

On the potential role of exosomes in the COVID-19 reinfection/reactivation opportunity

(2020) Fatma Elrashdy et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS

COVID-19: Complement, Coagulation, and Collateral Damage

(2020) Martin W. Lo et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Guillain–Barré syndrome in the COVID-19 era: another occasional cluster?

(2020) Laurent Tatu et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Neurological complications of coronavirus infection; a comparative review and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic

(2020) Maryam Sharifian Dorche et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

An Italian programme for COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis

(2020) Maria Pia Sormani   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Smell and Taste Dysfunction in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

(2020) Akosua Adom Agyeman et al.   MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS

COVID-19, Mast Cells, Cytokine Storm, Psychological Stress, and Neuroinflammation

(2020) Duraisamy Kempuraj et al.   NEUROSCIENTIST

Neuropathological Features of Covid-19

(2020) Isaac H. Solomon et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Elevated Plasmin(ogen) as a Common Risk Factor for COVID-19 Susceptibility

(2020) Hong-Long Ji et al.   PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19

(2020) F.A. Klok et al.   THROMBOSIS RESEARCH

Glia Crosstalk in Neuroinflammatory Diseases

(2020) Ada Bernaus et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia

(2020) David H. Brann et al.   Science Advances

COVID-19 Immunopathology and the Central Nervous System: Implication for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases with Associated Demyelination

(2020) Marina Kleopatra Boziki et al.   Brain Sciences

COVID-19 and anosmia: A review based on up-to-date knowledge

(2020) Xiangming Meng et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2

(2020) Thomas Mandel Clausen et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Neurological Targets in the Brain

(2020) Walter J. Lukiw et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

(2020) Ben Hu et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19

(2020) Luca Perico et al.   Nature Reviews Nephrology

Guillain-Barre syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of the reports

(2020) Kaveh Rahimi   NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Anosmia in COVID-19: Underlying Mechanisms and Assessment of an Olfactory Route to Brain Infection

(2020) Rafal Butowt et al.   NEUROSCIENTIST

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed on the human ocular surface, suggesting susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) Lingli Zhou et al.   Ocular Surface

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis

(2020) Andrew G. Harrison et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Potential Mechanisms for COVID-19 Induced Anosmia and Dysgeusia

(2020) Adrien A. Eshraghi et al.   Frontiers in Physiology

Potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the gastrointestinal tract and liver

(2020) Han-Yu Lei et al.   BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

The structural basis of accelerated host cell entry by SARS‐CoV‐2†

(2020) Murat Seyran et al.   FEBS Journal

SARS-CoV-2 attachment to host cells is possibly mediated via RGD-integrin interaction in a calcium-dependent manner and suggests pulmonary EDTA chelation therapy as a novel treatment for COVID 19

(2020) Tikam Chand Dakal   IMMUNOBIOLOGY

Sensing the interactions between carbohydrate-binding agents and N-linked glycans of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein using molecular docking and simulation studies

(2020) Kiran Bharat Lokhande et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS

Inflammasomes are activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with COVID-19 severity in patients

(2020) Tamara S. Rodrigues et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

The Systemic Inflammation Index on Admission Predicts In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Patients

(2020) Alessandro G. Fois et al.   MOLECULES

Heparin Inhibits Cellular Invasion by SARS-CoV-2: Structural Dependence of the Interaction of the Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain with Heparin

(2020) Courtney J. Mycroft-West et al.   THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS

Pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome

(2020) Luigi Camporota et al.   Lancet Respiratory Medicine

Comprehensive Structural and Molecular Comparison of Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and Their Interactions with ACE2

(2020) Ma’mon M. Hatmal et al.   Cells

The etiology of Bell’s palsy: a review

(2019) Wenjuan Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease

(2019) Michiel Van Bulck et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Cellular Stress and General Pathological Processes

(2019) Eugeny Yu. Gusev et al.   CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN

Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Viral Attachment: True Receptors or Adaptation Bias?

(2019) Cagno et al.   Viruses-Basel

Gray Matter Changes in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Disease and Relation to Cognition

(2019) Lenka Krajcovicova et al.   Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

TLR7 and TLR8 activate distinct pathways in monocytes during RNA virus infection

(2019) Marine de Marcken et al.   Science Signaling

Multiple Sclerosis Pathology

(2018) Hans Lassmann   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

A Consensus Definitive Classification of Scavenger Receptors and Their Roles in Health and Disease

(2017) Mercy R. PrabhuDas et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Taste buds: cells, signals and synapses

(2017) Stephen D. Roper et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Recognition of Viral RNA by Pattern Recognition Receptors in the Induction of Innate Immunity and Excessive Inflammation During Respiratory Viral Infections

(2017) Masaaki Okamoto et al.   VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY

Managing atypical and typical herpetic central nervous system infections: results of a multinational study

(2016) Y. Cag et al.   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins

(2016) Fang Li   Annual Review of Virology

Zinc and Manganese Chelation by Neutrophil S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin) Limits ExtracellularAspergillus fumigatusHyphal Growth and Corneal Infection

(2015) Heather L. Clark et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

An Evolutionary Perspective on Food and Human Taste

(2013) Paul A.S. Breslin   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Taste buds as peripheral chemosensory processors

(2012) Stephen D. Roper   SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation attenuates taste progenitor cell proliferation and shortens the life span of taste bud cells

(2010) Zachary J Cohn et al.   BMC NEUROSCIENCE

Influenza Virus–Cytokine‐Protease Cycle in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Hyperpermeability in Severe Influenza

(2010) Siye Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Inflammation and Taste Disorders

(2009) Hong Wang et al.   Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Dual effect of nitric oxide on SARS-CoV replication: Viral RNA production and palmitoylation of the S protein are affected

(2009) Sara Åkerström et al.   VIROLOGY

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Causes Neuronal Death in the Absence of Encephalitis in Mice Transgenic for Human ACE2

(2008) J. Netland et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY