The cGAS-STING Pathway in Bacterial Infection and Bacterial Immunity

Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cyclic Dinucleotide Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor

(2021) Caroline W. Karanja et al.   ACS Infectious Diseases

Staphylococcus aureus Induces IFN-β Production via a CARMA3-Independent Mechanism

(2021) Yang Zhou et al.   Pathogens

STING regulates metabolic reprogramming in macrophages via HIF-1α during Brucella infection

(2021) Marco Tulio R. Gomes et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Staphylococcus aureus impairs dermal fibroblast functions with deleterious effects on wound healing

(2021) Masaya Yokota et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Towards efficient immunotherapy for bacterial infection

(2021) Timothy R. McCulloch et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY

STING Contributes to Host Defense Against Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Through Suppressing Necroptosis

(2021) Zhen-Zhen Liu et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Bacterial Cyclic Dinucleotides and the cGAS–cGAMP–STING Pathway: A Role in Periodontitis?

(2021) Samira Elmanfi et al.   Pathogens

Direct medical burden of antimicrobial-resistant healthcare-associated infections: empirical evidence from China

(2020) X. Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION

HORMA Domain Proteins and a Trip13-like ATPase Regulate Bacterial cGAS-like Enzymes to Mediate Bacteriophage Immunity

(2020) Qiaozhen Ye et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Structural Insights into STING Signaling

(2020) Sabrina L. Ergun et al.   TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY

TMEM173 Drives Lethal Coagulation in Sepsis

(2020) Hui Zhang et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

The role of bacterial colonization of ventilator circuit in development of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a prospective observational cohort study

(2020) D.-L Pen et al.   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Cyclic dinucleotides at the forefront of innate immunity

(2020) Shivam A. Zaver et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY

mtDNA Activates cGAS Signaling and Suppresses the YAP-Mediated Endothelial Cell Proliferation Program to Promote Inflammatory Injury

(2020) Long Shuang Huang et al.   IMMUNITY

Transfer of cGAMP into Bystander Cells via LRRC8 Volume-Regulated Anion Channels Augments STING-Mediated Interferon Responses and Anti-viral Immunity

(2020) Chun Zhou et al.   IMMUNITY

Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of cGAS–STING signalling

(2020) Karl-Peter Hopfner et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with severe tuberculosis evades cytosolic surveillance systems and modulates IL-1β production

(2020) Jeremy Sousa et al.   Nature Communications

Interferon inducible GBPs restrict Burkholderia thailandensis motility induced cell-cell fusion

(2020) David E. Place et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Unique Roles for Streptococcus pneumoniae Phosphodiesterase 2 in Cyclic di-AMP Catabolism and Macrophage Responses

(2020) Alicia K. Wooten et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Small molecules targeting the innate immune cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 signaling pathway

(2020) Chunyong Ding et al.   Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

CBASS Immunity Uses CARF-Related Effectors to Sense 3′–5′- and 2′–5′-Linked Cyclic Oligonucleotide Signals and Protect Bacteria from Phage Infection

(2020) Brianna Lowey et al.   CELL

Structures and Mechanisms in the cGAS-STING Innate Immunity Pathway

(2020) Xuewu Zhang et al.   IMMUNITY

Bacterial-induced cell fusion is a danger signal triggering cGAS–STING pathway via micronuclei formation

(2020) Joanne Wei Kay Ku et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Structural basis for nucleosome-mediated inhibition of cGAS activity

(2020) Duanfang Cao et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Secretion of c-di-AMP by Listeria monocytogenes leads to a STING-dependent antibacterial response during enterocolitis

(2020) Alexander Louie et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

STING cyclic dinucleotide sensing originated in bacteria

(2020) Benjamin R. Morehouse et al.   NATURE

Bacteria sting viral invaders

(2020) Justin Jenson et al.   NATURE

Structural mechanism of cGAS inhibition by the nucleosome

(2020) Ganesh R. Pathare et al.   NATURE

Structural basis for the inhibition of cGAS by nucleosomes

(2020) Tomoya Kujirai et al.   SCIENCE

Structural basis of nucleosome-dependent cGAS inhibition

(2020) Joshua A. Boyer et al.   SCIENCE

Tetraspanins are involved in Burkholderia pseudomallei-induced cell-to-cell fusion of phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells

(2020) Tanes Sangsri et al.   Scientific Reports

Diversity and classification of cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signalling systems

(2020) Adi Millman et al.   Nature Microbiology

Detection of Viral Infections by Innate Immunity

(2020) Michael Carty et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmsA (Rv0753c) Interacts with STING and Blunts the Type I Interferon Response

(2020) Yifan Sun et al.   mBio

Molecular and Structural Basis of DNA Sensors in Antiviral Innate Immunity

(2020) Ayesha Zahid et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Identification of cGAS as an innate immune sensor of extracellular bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa

(2020) Chuan-min Zhou et al.   iScience

Intracellular bacteria engage a STING–TBK1–MVB12b pathway to enable paracrine cGAS–STING signalling

(2019) Ramya Nandakumar et al.   Nature Microbiology

The N-Terminal Domain of cGAS Determines Preferential Association with Centromeric DNA and Innate Immune Activation in the Nucleus

(2019) Matteo Gentili et al.   Cell Reports

Structural basis of STING binding with and phosphorylation by TBK1

(2019) Conggang Zhang et al.   NATURE

Cryo-EM structures of STING reveal its mechanism of activation by cyclic GMP–AMP

(2019) Guijun Shang et al.   NATURE

Autophagy induction via STING trafficking is a primordial function of the cGAS pathway

(2019) Xiang Gui et al.   NATURE

Brucella abortus Cyclic Dinucleotides Trigger STING-Dependent Unfolded Protein Response That Favors Bacterial Replication

(2019) Erika S. Guimarães et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

cGAS facilitates sensing of extracellular cyclic dinucleotides to activate innate immunity

(2019) Haipeng Liu et al.   EMBO REPORTS

Phosphoinositide Interactions Position cGAS at the Plasma Membrane to Ensure Efficient Distinction between Self- and Viral DNA

(2019) Katherine C. Barnett et al.   CELL

A conserved PLPLRT/SD motif of STING mediates the recruitment and activation of TBK1

(2019) Baoyu Zhao et al.   NATURE

Modular Architecture of the STING C-Terminal Tail Allows Interferon and NF-κB Signaling Adaptation

(2019) Carina C. de Oliveira Mann et al.   Cell Reports

STING Polymer Structure Reveals Mechanisms for Activation, Hyperactivation, and Inhibition

(2019) Sabrina L. Ergun et al.   CELL

Type I IFN expression is stimulated by cytosolic Mt DNA released from pneumolysin‐damaged mitochondria via the STING signaling pathway in macrophages

(2019) Xuexue Hu et al.   FEBS Journal

STING-IRF3 contributes to lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis and pyroptosis by activating NLRP3

(2019) Ning Li et al.   Redox Biology

Cyclic GMP–AMP signalling protects bacteria against viral infection

(2019) Daniel Cohen et al.   NATURE

SLC19A1 transports immunoreactive cyclic dinucleotides

(2019) Rutger D. Luteijn et al.   NATURE

TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD+-cleaving enzymes that promote cell death

(2019) Li Wan et al.   SCIENCE

NAD+ cleavage activity by animal and plant TIR domains in cell death pathways

(2019) Shane Horsefield et al.   SCIENCE

Differential Responses of Human Dendritic Cells to Live or Inactivated Staphylococcus aureus: Impact on Cytokine Production and T Helper Expansion

(2019) Melania Cruciani et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

cGAS and CD-NTase enzymes: structure, mechanism, and evolution

(2019) Philip J Kranzusch   CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY

Role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and therapeutics

(2019) Julie T. Marchesan et al.   PERIODONTOLOGY 2000

The Mycobacterium marinum ESX-1 system mediates phagosomal permeabilization and type I interferon production via separable mechanisms

(2019) Julia Lienard et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Structure of the Human cGAS–DNA Complex Reveals Enhanced Control of Immune Surveillance

(2018) Wen Zhou et al.   CELL

Constitutive interferon signaling maintains critical threshold of MLKL expression to license necroptosis

(2018) Joseph Sarhan et al.   CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION

Cytosolic DNA Sensing Promotes Macrophage Transformation and Governs Myocardial Ischemic Injury

(2018) Dian J. Cao et al.   CIRCULATION

Intracellular Nucleic Acid Sensing Triggers Necroptosis through Synergistic Type I IFN and TNF Signaling

(2018) Michelle Brault et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

STING-dependent translation inhibition restricts RNA virus replication

(2018) Kate M. Franz et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Direct activation of a phospholipase by cyclic GMP-AMP in El TorVibrio cholerae

(2018) Geoffrey B. Severin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Detrimental Type I Interferon Signaling Dominates Protective AIM2 Inflammasome Responses during Francisella novicida Infection

(2018) Qifan Zhu et al.   Cell Reports

STING-Activating Adjuvants Elicit a Th17 Immune Response and Protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

(2018) Erik Van Dis et al.   Cell Reports

Streptococcal M protein promotes IL-10 production by cGAS-independent activation of the STING signaling pathway

(2018) Elin Movert et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Adaptable Pathogen Associated With Multiple Human Diseases

(2018) Qiyao Chai et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Cyclic di-AMP-mediated interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis ΔcnpB and macrophages implicates a novel strategy for improving BCG vaccination

(2018) Yang Zhang et al.   Pathogens and Disease

Stimulator of Interferon Genes Promotes Host Resistance Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis

(2018) Kang Chen et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Melioidosis

(2018) W. Joost Wiersinga et al.   Nature Reviews Disease Primers

Gasdermin D Restrains Type I Interferon Response to Cytosolic DNA by Disrupting Ionic Homeostasis

(2018) Ishita Banerjee et al.   IMMUNITY

Nitro-fatty acids are formed in response to virus infection and are potent inhibitors of STING palmitoylation and signaling

(2018) Anne Louise Hansen et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Nrf2 negatively regulates STING indicating a link between antiviral sensing and metabolic reprogramming

(2018) David Olagnier et al.   Nature Communications

Design of amidobenzimidazole STING receptor agonists with systemic activity

(2018) Joshi M. Ramanjulu et al.   NATURE

Principles of Immunotherapy: Implications for Treatment Strategies in Cancer and Infectious Diseases

(2018) Krupa Naran et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Antimicrobial resistance in the next 30 years, humankind, bugs and drugs: a visionary approach

(2017) Matteo Bassetti et al.   INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE

Caspase-11–mediated endothelial pyroptosis underlies endotoxemia-induced lung injury

(2017) Kwong Tai Cheng et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

The Complement Anaphylatoxins C5a and C3a Suppress IFN-β Production in Response toListeria monocytogenesby Inhibition of the Cyclic Dinucleotide–Activated Cytosolic Surveillance Pathway

(2017) Stacey L. Mueller-Ortiz et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Brucella abortusTriggers a cGAS-Independent STING Pathway To Induce Host Protection That Involves Guanylate-Binding Proteins and Inflammasome Activation

(2017) Miriam M. Costa Franco et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study

(2017) Caroline Charlier et al.   LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES

cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity

(2017) Karen J. Mackenzie et al.   NATURE

cGAS senses long and HMGB/TFAM-bound U-turn DNA by forming protein–DNA ladders

(2017) Liudmila Andreeva et al.   NATURE

Cyclic di-GMP: second messenger extraordinaire

(2017) Urs Jenal et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Mycobacterial ESX-1 secretion system mediates host cell lysis through bacterium contact-dependent gross membrane disruptions

(2017) William H. Conrad et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Evolutionary Origins of cGAS-STING Signaling

(2017) Shally R. Margolis et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

The Emerging Roles of STING in Bacterial Infections

(2017) Fabio V. Marinho et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY

IFI16 and cGAS cooperate in the activation of STING during DNA sensing in human keratinocytes

(2017) Jessica F. Almine et al.   Nature Communications

Opposing roles of Toll-like receptor and cytosolic DNA-STING signaling pathways for Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous host defense

(2017) Philip O. Scumpia et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Succinate Dehydrogenase Supports Metabolic Repurposing of Mitochondria to Drive Inflammatory Macrophages

(2016) Evanna L. Mills et al.   CELL

Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Mediate Cytosolic Localization of LPS and Caspase-11 Activation

(2016) Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja et al.   CELL

Type I Interferon Signaling Prevents IL-1β-Driven Lethal Systemic Hyperinflammation during Invasive Bacterial Infection of Soft Tissue

(2016) Virginia Castiglia et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

The cGAS-STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses

(2016) Zhe Ma et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Characterization of differential pore-forming activities of ESAT-6 proteins fromMycobacterium tuberculosisandMycobacterium smegmatis

(2016) Xiuli Peng et al.   FEBS LETTERS

Recognition of Endogenous Nucleic Acids by the Innate Immune System

(2016) Axel Roers et al.   IMMUNITY

Cyclic di-AMP Released from Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Induces a Macrophage Type I Interferon Response

(2016) Casey M. Gries et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Inhibition of innate immune cytosolic surveillance by an M. tuberculosis phosphodiesterase

(2016) Ruchi Jain Dey et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Activation of STING requires palmitoylation at the Golgi

(2016) Kojiro Mukai et al.   Nature Communications

Predicted global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis

(2016) Direk Limmathurotsakul et al.   Nature Microbiology

Pathogenesis and Immunobiology of Brucellosis

(2015) Paul de Figueiredo et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Meets the Cytosol: The Role of cGAS in Anti-mycobacterial Immunity

(2015) Laleh Majlessi et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

The Cytosolic Sensor cGAS Detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA to Induce Type I Interferons and Activate Autophagy

(2015) Robert O. Watson et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is an Innate Immune DNA Sensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(2015) Angela C. Collins et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

cGAS and Ifi204 Cooperate To Produce Type I IFNs in Response toFrancisellaInfection

(2015) Kelly M. Storek et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Ancient Origin of cGAS-STING Reveals Mechanism of Universal 2′,3′ cGAMP Signaling

(2015) Philip J. Kranzusch et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

A bacterial cyclic dinucleotide activates the cytosolic surveillance pathway and mediates innate resistance to tuberculosis

(2015) Bappaditya Dey et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Comparative genomic analyses reveal a vast, novel network of nucleotide-centric systems in biological conflicts, immunity and signaling

(2015) A. Maxwell Burroughs et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Structure-Guided Reprogramming of Human cGAS Dinucleotide Linkage Specificity

(2014) Philip J. Kranzusch et al.   CELL

Listeria monocytogenes induces IFN  expression through an IFI16-, cGAS- and STING-dependent pathway

(2014) K. Hansen et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Structural Biochemistry of a Vibrio cholerae Dinucleotide Cyclase Reveals Cyclase Activity Regulation by Folates

(2014) Deyu Zhu et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

The Cytosolic DNA Sensor cGAS Forms an Oligomeric Complex with DNA and Undergoes Switch-like Conformational Changes in the Activation Loop

(2014) Xu Zhang et al.   Cell Reports

Novel c-di-GMP recognition modes of the mouse innate immune adaptor protein STING

(2013) Ko-Hsin Chin et al.   ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

Structure-Function Analysis of STING Activation by c[G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] and Targeting by Antiviral DMXAA

(2013) Pu Gao et al.   CELL

Cyclic Dinucleotides and the Innate Immune Response

(2013) Olga Danilchanka et al.   CELL

Cyclic [G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] Is the Metazoan Second Messenger Produced by DNA-Activated Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase

(2013) Pu Gao et al.   CELL

Pneumococcal infection in adults: burden of disease

(2013) J.J.C. Drijkoningen et al.   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Species-specific detection of the antiviral small-molecule compound CMA by STING

(2013) Taner Cavlar et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is Activated by Double-Stranded DNA-Induced Oligomerization

(2013) Xin Li et al.   IMMUNITY

Oxidative Damage of DNA Confers Resistance to Cytosolic Nuclease TREX1 Degradation and Potentiates STING-Dependent Immune Sensing

(2013) Nadine Gehrke et al.   IMMUNITY

Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High-Affinity Ligand for STING

(2013) Xu Zhang et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

cGAS produces a 2′-5′-linked cyclic dinucleotide second messenger that activates STING

(2013) Andrea Ablasser et al.   NATURE

Structural mechanism of cytosolic DNA sensing by cGAS

(2013) Filiz Civril et al.   NATURE

Structural and Functional Analyses of DNA-Sensing and Immune Activation by Human cGAS

(2013) Kazuki Kato et al.   PLoS One

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is an Innate Immune Sensor of HIV and Other Retroviruses

(2013) D. Gao et al.   SCIENCE

Cytoplasmic LPS Activates Caspase-11: Implications in TLR4-Independent Endotoxic Shock

(2013) J. A. Hagar et al.   SCIENCE

Structure of Human cGAS Reveals a Conserved Family of Second-Messenger Enzymes in Innate Immunity

(2013) Philip J. Kranzusch et al.   Cell Reports

Coordinated Regulation of Accessory Genetic Elements Produces Cyclic Di-Nucleotides for V. cholerae Virulence

(2012) Bryan W. Davies et al.   CELL

Structural Analysis of the STING Adaptor Protein Reveals a Hydrophobic Dimer Interface and Mode of Cyclic di-GMP Binding

(2012) Songying Ouyang et al.   IMMUNITY

Structure of STING bound to cyclic di-GMP reveals the mechanism of cyclic dinucleotide recognition by the immune system

(2012) Chang Shu et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Crystal structures of STING protein reveal basis for recognition of cyclic di-GMP

(2012) Guijun Shang et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Cyclic GMP-AMP Is an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA

(2012) J. Wu et al.   SCIENCE

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway

(2012) L. Sun et al.   SCIENCE

STING Specifies IRF3 Phosphorylation by TBK1 in the Cytosolic DNA Signaling Pathway

(2012) Y. Tanaka et al.   Science Signaling

Low-Dose Exposure of C57BL/6 Mice to Burkholderia pseudomallei Mimics Chronic Human Melioidosis

(2011) Laura Conejero et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Detection of prokaryotic mRNA signifies microbial viability and promotes immunity

(2011) Leif E. Sander et al.   NATURE

Type I Interferon Production Induced by Streptococcus pyogenes-Derived Nucleic Acids Is Required for Host Protection

(2011) Nina Gratz et al.   PLoS Pathogens

c-di-AMP Secreted by Intracellular Listeria monocytogenes Activates a Host Type I Interferon Response

(2010) J. J. Woodward et al.   SCIENCE

STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling

(2008) Hiroki Ishikawa et al.   NATURE

Tracing the Source of Campylobacteriosis

(2008) Daniel J. Wilson et al.   PLoS Genetics