An update on galanin and spexin and their potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders

The role of spexin in energy metabolism

(2023) Xiaotong Sun et al.   PEPTIDES

Impact of spexin on metabolic diseases and inflammation: An updated minireview

(2022) İbrahim Türkel et al.   EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders

(2022) Theresa V. Rohm et al.   IMMUNITY

Treatment with spexin mitigates diet-induced hepatic steatosis in vivo and in vitro through activation of galanin receptor 2

(2022) Mengyuan Wang et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Structural insights into galanin receptor signaling

(2022) Wentong Jiang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Spexin and Galanin in Metabolic Functions and Social Behaviors With a Focus on Non-Mammalian Vertebrates

(2022) Izzati Mohd Zahir et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Emerging central and peripheral actions of spexin in feeding behavior, leptin resistance and obesity

(2022) Mei Yu et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Beneficial metabolic effects of recurrent periods of beta‐cell rest and stimulation using stable neuropeptide Y1 and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists

(2022) Neil Tanday et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Tirzepatide, a New Era of Dual-Targeted Treatment for Diabetes and Obesity: A Mini-Review

(2022) Vivek P. Chavda et al.   MOLECULES

Exercise training rescues adipose tissue spexin expression and secretion in diet-induced obese mice

(2022) Penghua Fang et al.   PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR

Structure and functions of spexin as a new neuroendocrine signal

(2022) Özge DARAKCI SALTIK et al.   Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (Turkey)

Serum spexin differed in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients according to body mass index and increased with the improvement of metabolic status

(2022) Liping Gu et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Review: Occurrence and Distribution of Galanin in the Physiological and Inflammatory States in the Mammalian Gastrointestinal Tract

(2021) Marta Brzozowska et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Neuropeptidergic Control of Feeding: Focus on the Galanin Family of Peptides

(2021) P. Marcos et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Mouse Spexin: (II) Functional Role as a Satiety Factor inhibiting Food Intake by Regulatory Actions Within the Hypothalamus

(2021) Matthew K. H. Wong et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045

(2021) Hong Sun et al.   DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE

Novel Noninvasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy

(2021) Angeliki M Angelidi et al.   ENDOCRINE REVIEWS

Emerging roles of kisspeptin/galanin in age-related metabolic disease

(2021) Penghua Fang et al.   MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT

30-Day spexin treatment of mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases insulin sensitivity, improves liver functions and metabolic status

(2021) Pawel A. Kolodziejski et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Galanin Signaling in the Brain Regulates Color Pattern Formation in Zebrafish

(2020) Anastasia Eskova et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Spexin and a Novel Cichlid-Specific Spexin Paralog Both Inhibit FSH and LH Through a Specific Galanin Receptor (Galr2b) in Tilapia

(2020) Yaron Cohen et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Activation of central galanin receptor 2 mitigated insulin resistance in adipocytes of diabetic rats

(2020) L. Guo et al.   JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

(2020) Unai Galicia-Garcia et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Short-term administration of spexin in rats reduces obesity by affecting lipolysis and lipogenesis: An in vivo and in vitro study

(2020) Ewa Pruszynska-Oszmalek et al.   GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY

Palmitate differentially regulates Spexin, and its receptors Galr2 and Galr3, in GnRH neurons through mechanisms involving PKC, MAPKs, and TLR4

(2020) Lu Wang et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Functions of galanin, spexin and kisspeptin in metabolism, mood and behaviour

(2020) Edouard G. Mills et al.   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Beneficial effects of galanin system on diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and its complications

(2020) Mei Yu et al.   PEPTIDES

Spexin-Based Galanin Receptor Type 2 Agonist for Comorbid Mood Disorders and Abnormal Body Weight

(2019) Seongsik Yun et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Emerging Roles of NPQ/Spexin in Physiology and Pathology

(2019) Shuang-Yu Lv et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Galanin in an Agnathan: Precursor Identification and Localisation of Expression in the Brain of the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus

(2019) Daniel Sobrido-Cameán et al.   Frontiers in Neuroanatomy

Galanin peptide family regulation of glucose metabolism

(2019) Penghua Fang et al.   FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Activation of galanin receptor 1 inhibits locus coeruleus neurons via GIRK channels

(2018) Yun-Fei Bai et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Spexin as a neuroendocrine signal with emerging functions

(2018) Ani Ma et al.   GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY

Neuronal hypothalamic regulation of body metabolism and bone density is galanin dependent

(2018) Anna Idelevich et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Spexin Modulates Functions of Rat Endocrine Pancreatic Cells

(2018) Maciej Sassek et al.   PANCREAS

Activiated galanin receptor 2 attenuates insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of obese mice

(2018) Penghua Fang et al.   PEPTIDES

Central galanin receptor 2 mediates galanin action to promote systemic glucose metabolism of type 2 diabetic rats

(2018) Penghua Fang et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence

(2018) Jessica L. Harding et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications

(2017) Yan Zheng et al.   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Role of Melatonin, Galanin, and RFamide Neuropeptides QRFP26 and QRFP43 in the Neuroendocrine Control of Pancreatic β-Cell Function

(2017) Iacopo Gesmundo et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes

(2016) Jonathan M. Hazlehurst et al.   METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL

Development of Spexin-based Human Galanin Receptor Type II-Specific Agonists with Increased Stability in Serum and Anxiolytic Effect in Mice

(2016) Arfaxad Reyes-Alcaraz et al.   Scientific Reports

Anti-obesity effect of intranasal administration of galanin-like peptide (GALP) in obese mice

(2016) Haruaki Kageyama et al.   Scientific Reports

Coevolution of the Spexin/Galanin/Kisspeptin Family: Spexin Activates Galanin Receptor Type II and III

(2014) Dong-Kyu Kim et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Spexin is a novel human peptide that reduces adipocyte uptake of long chain fatty acids and causes weight loss in rodents with diet-induced obesity

(2014) José L. Walewski et al.   Obesity

Goldfish spexin: solution structure and novel function as a satiety factor in feeding control

(2013) Matthew K. H. Wong et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Solution NMR Studies on the Orientation of Membrane-Bound Peptides and Proteins by Paramagnetic Probes

(2013) Evelyne Schrank et al.   MOLECULES

Galanin peptide family as a modulating target for contribution to metabolic syndrome

(2012) Penghua Fang et al.   GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY

Galanin Receptors and Ligands

(2012) Kristin E. B. Webling et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Galanin antagonist increases insulin resistance by reducing glucose transporter 4 effect in adipocytes of rats

(2011) Lili Guo et al.   GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY

Galanin receptor 3 - a potential target for acute pancreatitis therapy

(2011) S. G. Barreto et al.   NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic regulator of energy homeostasis and reproduction

(2010) Catherine Lawrence et al.   FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

A novel GalR2-specific peptide agonist

(2009) Johan Runesson et al.   NEUROPEPTIDES

Evolutionary Sequence Modeling for Discovery of Peptide Hormones

(2009) Kemal Sonmez et al.   PLoS Computational Biology