Palmitate differentially regulates Spexin, and its receptors Galr2 and Galr3, in GnRH neurons through mechanisms involving PKC, MAPKs, and TLR4

Spexin and a Novel Cichlid-Specific Spexin Paralog Both Inhibit FSH and LH Through a Specific Galanin Receptor (Galr2b) in Tilapia

(2020) Yaron Cohen et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Regulation of Gpr173 expression, a putative phoenixin receptor, by saturated fatty acid palmitate and endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A through a p38-mediated mechanism in immortalized hypothalamic neurons

(2019) Emma K. McIlwraith et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Emerging Roles of NPQ/Spexin in Physiology and Pathology

(2019) Shuang-Yu Lv et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

G-protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist GW9508 potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through activation of protein kinase Cα and ε in INS-1 cells

(2019) Takuya Hashimoto et al.   PLoS One

GPR40 activation initiates store-operated Ca2+ entry and potentiates insulin secretion via the IP3R1/STIM1/Orai1 pathway in pancreatic β-cells

(2019) Ryota Usui et al.   Scientific Reports

The Physical Properties of Ceramides in Membranes

(2018) Alicia Alonso et al.   Annual Review of Biophysics

Evidence that TLR4 Is Not a Receptor for Saturated Fatty Acids but Mediates Lipid-Induced Inflammation by Reprogramming Macrophage Metabolism

(2018) Graeme I. Lancaster et al.   Cell Metabolism

Protein kinase C: perfectly balanced

(2018) Alexandra C. Newton   CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of spexin in spotted scat ( Scatophagus argus )

(2018) Si-ping Deng et al.   GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY

The TLR4-IRE1α pathway activation contributes to palmitate-elicited lipotoxicity in hepatocytes

(2018) Chen Shen et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Palmitate induces neuroinflammation, ER stress, and Pomc mRNA expression in hypothalamic mHypoA-POMC/GFP neurons through novel mechanisms that are prevented by oleate

(2018) Erika K. Tse et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Inhibition of central de novo ceramide synthesis restores insulin signaling in hypothalamus and enhances β-cell function of obese Zucker rats

(2018) Mélanie Campana et al.   Molecular Metabolism

Dysfunctional Pro-Ceramide, ER Stress, and Insulin/IGF Signaling Networks with Progression of Alzheimer's Disease

(2018) Suzanne M. de la Monte et al.   JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

Estradiol Regulates Energy Balance by Ameliorating Hypothalamic Ceramide-Induced ER Stress

(2018) Ismael González-García et al.   Cell Reports

Phoenixin Expression Is Regulated by the Fatty Acids Palmitate, Docosahexaenoic Acid and Oleate, and the Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Bisphenol A in Immortalized Hypothalamic Neurons

(2018) Emma K. McIlwraith et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

FFA4/GPR120: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Opportunities

(2017) Graeme Milligan et al.   TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Free-fatty acid receptor-4 (GPR120): Cellular and molecular function and its role in metabolic disorders

(2016) Nader H. Moniri   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of spexin in orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides )

(2016) Shuisheng Li et al.   COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Galanin Activates G Protein Gated Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels and Suppresses Kisspeptin-10 Activation of GnRH Neurons

(2016) Stephanie Constantin et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

High fat induces acute and chronic inflammation in the hypothalamus: effect of high-fat diet, palmitate and TNF-α on appetite-regulating NPY neurons

(2016) P S Dalvi et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY

Induction of Gnrh mRNA expression by the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and the saturated fatty acid palmitate in a GnRH-synthesizing neuronal cell model, mHypoA-GnRH/GFP

(2016) Dean Q. Tran et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Phoenixin Activates Immortalized GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons Through the Novel Receptor GPR173

(2016) Alice K. Treen et al.   MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Palmitate promotes autophagy and apoptosis through ROS-dependent JNK and p38 MAPK

(2015) Jing Liu et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

MAPK/JNK signaling: A potential autophagy regulation pathway

(2015) Yuan-Yuan Zhou et al.   BIOSCIENCE REPORTS

Role of leptin in female reproduction

(2015) Antonio Pérez-Pérez et al.   CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE

Signaling pathway of MAPK/ERK in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, senescence and apoptosis

(2015) Yu Sun et al.   JOURNAL OF RECEPTORS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

LAPTM4B facilitates late endosomal ceramide export to control cell death pathways

(2015) Tomas Blom et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism—pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

(2015) Ulrich Boehm et al.   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Coevolution of the Spexin/Galanin/Kisspeptin Family: Spexin Activates Galanin Receptor Type II and III

(2014) Dong-Kyu Kim et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Direct Regulation of Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Transcription By RF-Amide-Related Peptide-3 and Kisspeptin in A Novel GnRH-Secreting Cell Line, mHypoA-GnRH/GFP

(2014) N. M. Gojska et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Sphingolipid metabolites in inflammatory disease

(2014) Michael Maceyka et al.   NATURE

Spexin is a novel human peptide that reduces adipocyte uptake of long chain fatty acids and causes weight loss in rodents with diet-induced obesity

(2014) José L. Walewski et al.   Obesity

Ceramide: A simple sphingolipid with unique biophysical properties

(2014) Bruno M. Castro et al.   PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH

Distribution of Galanin and Galanin Receptor 2 in the Pre-optic Area of the Female Guinea Pig

(2014) B. Hermanowicz et al.   ANATOMIA HISTOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGIA

Central Ceramide-Induced Hypothalamic Lipotoxicity and ER Stress Regulate Energy Balance

(2014) Cristina Contreras et al.   Cell Reports

Goldfish spexin: solution structure and novel function as a satiety factor in feeding control

(2013) Matthew K. H. Wong et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Protein Kinase C and its Inhibitors in the Regulation of Inflammation: Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase as an Example

(2013) Tiina Leppänen et al.   BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY

Cellular insulin resistance disrupts hypothalamic mHypoA-POMC/GFP neuronal signaling pathways

(2013) Anaies Nazarians-Armavil et al.   JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY

GalR3 activation promotes adult neural stem cell survival in response to a diabeticmilieu

(2013) Shiva Mansouri et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Glucose responsiveness in a novel adult-derived GnRH cell line, mHypoA-GnRH/GFP: Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase

(2013) Sean A. McFadden et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

A novel neuropeptide in suppressing luteinizing hormone release in goldfish, Carassius auratus

(2013) Yun Liu et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Acyltransferases and transacylases that determine the fatty acid composition of glycerolipids and the metabolism of bioactive lipid mediators in mammalian cells and model organisms

(2013) Atsushi Yamashita et al.   PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH

Immortalized neurons for the study of hypothalamic function

(2011) Prasad S. Dalvi et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY

Unsaturated Fatty Acids Stimulate LH Secretion via Novel PKCε and -θ in Gonadotrope Cells and Inhibit GnRH-Induced LH Release

(2011) Ghislaine Garrel et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Peptides derived from the prohormone proNPQ/spexin are potent central modulators of cardiovascular and renal function and nociception

(2011) Lawrence Toll et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Estrogen inhibits NPY secretion through membrane-associated estrogen receptor (ER)-α in clonal, immortalized hypothalamic neurons

(2010) S S Dhillon et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY

Spexin Expression in Normal Rat Tissues

(2010) Andrea Porzionato et al.   JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY

Expression of the spexin gene in the rat adrenal gland and evidences suggesting that spexin inhibits adrenocortical cell proliferation

(2010) Marcin Rucinski et al.   PEPTIDES

Activation of NF-κB by Palmitate in Endothelial Cells

(2009) Ezekiel Maloney et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Palmitate Attenuates Insulin Signaling and Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Hypothalamic Neurons: Rescue of Resistance and Apoptosis through Adenosine 5′ Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Activation

(2009) Christopher M. Mayer et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Saturated Fatty Acids Produce an Inflammatory Response Predominantly through the Activation of TLR4 Signaling in Hypothalamus: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Obesity

(2009) M. Milanski et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Neuropeptide Y induces gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression directly and through conditioned medium from mHypoE-38 NPY neurons

(2009) Sandeep S. Dhillon et al.   REGULATORY PEPTIDES

Evolutionary Sequence Modeling for Discovery of Peptide Hormones

(2009) Kemal Sonmez et al.   PLoS Computational Biology