Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children

Global absence and targeting of protective immune states in severe COVID-19

(2021) Alexis J. Combes et al.   NATURE

Distinct antibody repertoires against endemic human coronaviruses in children and adults

(2021) Taushif Khan et al.   JCI Insight

The association of viral load and disease severity in children with COVID‐19

(2021) Kubra Aykac et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Humoral signatures of protective and pathological SARS-CoV-2 infection in children

(2021) Yannic C. Bartsch et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Single-cell meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes across tissues and demographics

(2021) Christoph Muus et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in young children do not differ significantly from those in older children and adults

(2021) Sharline Madera et al.   Scientific Reports

Association of Toll-like receptor 7 variants with life-threatening COVID-19 disease in males: findings from a nested case-control study

(2021) Chiara Fallerini et al.   eLife

Deep immune profiling of MIS-C demonstrates marked but transient immune activation compared to adult and pediatric COVID-19

(2021) Laura A. Vella et al.   Science Immunology

Factors linked to severe outcomes in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the USA: a retrospective surveillance study

(2021) Joseph Y Abrams et al.   Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR41

(2021) Yingchi Zhao et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Prior infection by seasonal coronaviruses, as assessed by serology, does not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in children, France, April to June 2020

(2021) Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus et al.   Eurosurveillance

Immune dysregulation and autoreactivity correlate with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

(2021) Anjali Ramaswamy et al.   IMMUNITY

Severe COVID-19 in an APS1 patient with interferon autoantibodies treated with plasmapheresis

(2021) Andri Lemarquis et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Preexisting autoantibodies to type I IFNs underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with APS-1

(2021) Paul Bastard et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

SARS-CoV-2–related MIS-C: A key to the viral and genetic causes of Kawasaki disease?

(2021) Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines

(2021) Min Zheng et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

COVID-19 infection with asymptomatic or mild disease severity in young patients: Clinical course and association between prevalence of pneumonia and viral load

(2021) Cherry Kim et al.   PLoS One

Just 2% of SARS-CoV-2−positive individuals carry 90% of the virus circulating in communities

(2021) Qing Yang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

COVID-19 symptom surveillance in immunocompromised children and young people in the UK: a prospective observational cohort study

(2021) Meera Shaunak et al.   BMJ Open

Natural mucosal barriers and COVID-19 in children

(2021) Carl A. Pierce et al.   JCI Insight

Association of Age With SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response

(2021) He S. Yang et al.   JAMA Network Open

Adverse COVID‐19 outcomes in immune deficiencies: Inequality exists between subclasses

(2021) Elif Karakoc Aydiner et al.   ALLERGY

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: The Role of the Main Components of the Innate Immune System

(2021) Akbar Anaeigoudari et al.   INFLAMMATION

Mortality in children with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test: Lessons learned from a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia

(2021) Rismala Dewi et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

The toll of COVID-19 on African children: A descriptive analysis on COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population in Sub-Saharan Africa

(2021) Sabina Rodriguez Velásquez et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Mechanisms underlying genetic susceptibility to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

(2021) Janet Chou et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

COVID-19 in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency

(2021) Saliha Esenboga et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans

(2021) Jackson S. Turner et al.   NATURE

Longitudinal Follow-up of Antibody Responses in Pediatric Patients With COVID-19 up to 9 Months After Infection

(2021) Pembe Derin Oygar et al.   PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL

Original antigenic sin responses to Betacoronavirus spike proteins are observed in a mouse model, but are not apparent in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2021) Stacey A. Lapp et al.   PLoS One

Risk factors for severity of COVID-19 in hospital patients age 18–29 years

(2021) Micaela Sandoval et al.   PLoS One

Male gender is a predictor of higher mortality in hospitalized adults with COVID-19

(2021) Ninh T. Nguyen et al.   PLoS One

Estimating infectiousness throughout SARS-CoV-2 infection course

(2021) Terry C. Jones et al.   SCIENCE

Type I interferon autoantibodies are associated with systemic immune alterations in patients with COVID-19

(2021) Monique G. P. van der Wijst et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Diverse Humoral Immune Responses in Younger and Older Adult COVID-19 Patients

(2021) Jennifer M. Sasson et al.   mBio

Immunological imprinting of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients

(2021) Teresa Aydillo et al.   Nature Communications

Association Between Race and COVID-19 Outcomes Among 2.6 Million Children in England

(2021) Defne Saatci et al.   JAMA Pediatrics

Comparison of Symptoms and RNA Levels in Children and Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Community Setting

(2021) Erin Chung et al.   JAMA Pediatrics

Genetic Screening for TLR7 Variants in Young and Previously Healthy Men With Severe COVID-19

(2021) Xavier Solanich et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Hospitalizations Associated with COVID-19 Among Children and Adolescents — COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1, 2020–August 14, 2021

(2021) Miranda J. Delahoy et al.   MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT

Integrated longitudinal immunophenotypic, transcriptional, and repertoire analyses delineate immune responses in patients with COVID-19

(2021) Samuele Notarbartolo et al.   Science Immunology

Polyclonal expansion of TCR Vbeta 21.3+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is a hallmark of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

(2021) Marion Moreews et al.   Science Immunology

X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency in ~1% of men under 60 years old with life-threatening COVID-19

(2021) Takaki Asano et al.   Science Immunology

Asymptomatic or mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses in children and adolescents

(2021) Carolina Garrido et al.   JCI Insight

Long-Term Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Pediatric Population

(2021) Ana Méndez-Echevarría et al.   Pathogens

Recognizing a MIS-Chievous Cause of Acute Viral Gastroenteritis

(2021) Rohit Josyabhatla et al.   Frontiers in Pediatrics

A Case Series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features

(2020) Jiehao Cai et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS

(2020) Yushun Wan et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) Xingfei Pan et al.   LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES

A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

(2020) Peng Zhou et al.   NATURE

Influenza Virus Infection Induces a Narrow Antibody Response in Children but a Broad Recall Response in Adults

(2020) Philip Meade et al.   mBio

Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses

(2020) Michael Letko et al.   Nature Microbiology

Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

(2020) Alexandra C. Walls et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

Nasal Gene Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Children and Adults

(2020) Supinda Bunyavanich et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan

(2020) Xiaochen Li et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Kawasaki-like disease: emerging complication during the COVID-19 pandemic

(2020) Russell M Viner et al.   LANCET

Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic

(2020) Shelley Riphagen et al.   LANCET

An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study

(2020) Lucio Verdoni et al.   LANCET

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

(2020) Fei Zhou et al.   LANCET

Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Jian Shang et al.   NATURE

Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Icelandic Population

(2020) Daniel F. Gudbjartsson et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children

(2020) Xiaoxia Lu et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes

(2020) Mart M. Lamers et al.   SCIENCE

Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units

(2020) Lara S. Shekerdemian et al.   JAMA Pediatrics

Association of Initial Viral Load in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients with Outcome and Symptoms

(2020) Kimon V. Argyropoulos et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Presence of Genetic Variants Among Young Men With Severe COVID-19

(2020) Caspar I. van der Made et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY

(2020) Elizabeth J. Williamson et al.   NATURE

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children and Adolescents

(2020) Leora R. Feldstein et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in New York State

(2020) Elizabeth M. Dufort et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Original antigenic sin priming of influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk antibodies

(2020) Claudia P. Arevalo et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications

(2020) Divij Mathew et al.   SCIENCE

Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients

(2020) Jérôme Hadjadj et al.   SCIENCE

Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition

(2020) Achille Broggi et al.   SCIENCE

Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans

(2020) Jose Mateus et al.   SCIENCE

Age-Related Differences in Nasopharyngeal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Levels in Patients With Mild to Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

(2020) Taylor Heald-Sargent et al.   JAMA Pediatrics

Mild Cytokine Elevation, Moderate CD4+ T Cell Response and Abundant Antibody Production in Children with COVID-19

(2020) Ran Jia et al.   VIROLOGICA SINICA

Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19

(2020) Leticia Kuri-Cervantes et al.   Science Immunology

COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study

(2020) Florian Götzinger et al.   Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

The Immunology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with COVID-19

(2020) Camila Rosat Consiglio et al.   CELL

Mapping Systemic Inflammation and Antibody Responses in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

(2020) Conor N. Gruber et al.   CELL

Immune dysregulation and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in individuals with haploinsufficiency of SOCS1

(2020) Pui Y. Lee et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: An international study

(2020) Isabelle Meyts et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): a novel disease that mimics Toxic Shock Syndrome. The superantigen hypothesis

(2020) Magali Noval Rivas et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Distinct clinical and immunological features of SARS–CoV-2–induced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

(2020) Pui Y. Lee et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and COVID-19 are distinct presentations of SARS–CoV-2

(2020) Caroline Diorio et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Animal models for COVID-19

(2020) César Muñoz-Fontela et al.   NATURE

Peripheral immunophenotypes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) Michael J. Carter et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Superantigenic character of an insert unique to SARS-CoV-2 spike supported by skewed TCR repertoire in patients with hyperinflammation

(2020) Mary Hongying Cheng et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Systems biological assessment of immunity to mild versus severe COVID-19 infection in humans

(2020) Prabhu S. Arunachalam et al.   SCIENCE

Viral epitope profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals cross-reactivity and correlates of severity

(2020) Ellen Shrock et al.   SCIENCE

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

(2020) Paul Bastard et al.   SCIENCE

Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized pediatric and adult patients

(2020) Carl A. Pierce et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adolescents Compared With Adults

(2020) Russell M. Viner et al.   JAMA Pediatrics

Risk Factors for Hospitalization, Mechanical Ventilation, or Death Among 10 131 US Veterans With SARS-CoV-2 Infection

(2020) George N. Ioannou et al.   JAMA Network Open

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency

(2020) Samaneh Delavari et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Age-determined expression of priming protease TMPRSS2 and localization of SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelium

(2020) Bryce A. Schuler et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Antagonism of Type I Interferon by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

(2020) Hongjie Xia et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH

Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission

(2020) Hannah Peckham et al.   Nature Communications

Severe COVID-19 Infection and Pediatric Comorbidities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(2020) Boyan K. Tsankov et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Shaping of infant B cell receptor repertoires by environmental factors and infectious disease

(2019) Sandra C. A. Nielsen et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Age-specific differences in the dynamics of protective immunity to influenza

(2019) Sylvia Ranjeva et al.   Nature Communications

Aging promotes reorganization of the CD4 T cell landscape toward extreme regulatory and effector phenotypes

(2019) Yehezqel Elyahu et al.   Science Advances

TLR7 and TLR8 activate distinct pathways in monocytes during RNA virus infection

(2019) Marine de Marcken et al.   Science Signaling

Human T Cell Development, Localization, and Function throughout Life

(2018) Brahma V. Kumar et al.   IMMUNITY

Self-Renewal and Toll-like Receptor Signaling Sustain Exhausted Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells during Chronic Viral Infection

(2018) Monica Macal et al.   IMMUNITY

Infants Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Generate Potent Neutralizing Antibodies that Lack Somatic Hypermutation

(2018) Eileen Goodwin et al.   IMMUNITY

Stereotypic Immune System Development in Newborn Children

(2018) Axel Olin et al.   CELL

Developmental regulation of type 1 and type 3 IFN production and risk for infant infections and asthma development

(2018) Patrick G. Holt et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Trained Immunity Characteristics Are Associated With Progressive Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

(2018) Marlies P. Noz et al.   STROKE

Aging impairs both primary and secondary RIG-I signaling for interferon induction in human monocytes

(2017) Ryan D. Molony et al.   Science Signaling

Accurate immune repertoire sequencing reveals malaria infection driven antibody lineage diversification in young children

(2017) Ben S. Wendel et al.   Nature Communications

Aging impairs both primary and secondary RIG-I signaling for interferon induction in human monocytes

(2017) Ryan D. Molony et al.   Science Signaling

Potent protection against H5N1 and H7N9 influenza via childhood hemagglutinin imprinting

(2016) Katelyn M. Gostic et al.   SCIENCE

Age-Associated Failure To Adjust Type I IFN Receptor Signaling Thresholds after T Cell Activation

(2015) Guangjin Li et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Downregulation of inhibitory SRC Homology 2 Domain-containing Phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) leads to recovery of T cell responses in elderly

(2014) Aurélie Le Page et al.   Cell Communication and Signaling

Acquisition of Adult-Like TLR4 and TLR9 Responses during the First Year of Life

(2010) Muriel Nguyen et al.   PLoS One

Quantifying Thymic Export: Combining Models of Naive T Cell Proliferation and TCR Excision Circle Dynamics Gives an Explicit Measure of Thymic Output

(2009) I. Bains et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Persistent Virus Infection Inhibits Type I Interferon Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Facilitate Opportunistic Infections

(2008) Elina I. Zuniga et al.   Cell Host & Microbe