mTORC2: The other mTOR in autophagy regulation

mTORC1 couples cyst(e)ine availability with GPX4 protein synthesis and ferroptosis regulation

(2021) Yilei Zhang et al.   Nature Communications

Autophagy drives fibroblast senescence through MTORC2 regulation

(2020) Monique Bernard et al.   Autophagy

Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1, a new therapeutic target for autophagy modulation in chronic diseases

(2020) Inés Maestro et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS

Protein Kinase C Isozymes and Autophagy during Neurodegenerative Disease Progression

(2020) Humeyra Nur Kaleli et al.   Cells

TORC2-SGK-1 signaling integrates external signals to regulate autophagic turnover of mitochondria via mtROS

(2020) Thomas Heimbucher et al.   Autophagy

Ovariectomy uncouples lifespan from metabolic health and reveals a sex-hormone-dependent role of hepatic mTORC2 in aging

(2020) Sebastian I Arriola Apelo et al.   eLife

Microautophagy – distinct molecular mechanisms handle cargoes of many sizes

(2020) Sebastian Schuck   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

Mitochondrial Permeability Uncouples Elevated Autophagy and Lifespan Extension

(2019) Ben Zhou et al.   CELL

The “other” mTOR complex: New insights into mTORC 2 immunobiology and their implications

(2019) Helong Dai et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION

Lysosome Positioning Influences mTORC2 and AKT Signaling

(2019) Rui Jia et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Genetic Ablation of the Cystine Transporter xCT in PDAC Cells Inhibits mTORC1, Growth, Survival, and Tumor Formation via Nutrient and Oxidative Stresses

(2019) Boutaina Daher et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

AMPK directly activates mTORC2 to promote cell survival during acute energetic stress

(2019) Dubek Kazyken et al.   Science Signaling

A novel rapamycin analog is highly selective for mTORC1 in vivo

(2019) Katherine H. Schreiber et al.   Nature Communications

Hypothalamic mTORC2 is essential for metabolic health and longevity

(2019) Karthikeyani Chellappa et al.   AGING CELL

Citreoviridin induces myocardial apoptosis through PPAR-γ-mTORC2-mediated autophagic pathway and the protective effect of thiamine and selenium

(2019) Chang Feng et al.   CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS

Non-canonical mTORC2 Signaling Regulates Brown Adipocyte Lipid Catabolism through SIRT6-FoxO1

(2019) Su Myung Jung et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

The FoxO–Autophagy Axis in Health and Disease

(2019) Zhiyong Cheng   TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Combined mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition blocks growth and induces catastrophic macropinocytosis in cancer cells

(2019) Ritesh K. Srivastava et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Calorie-Restriction-Induced Insulin Sensitivity Is Mediated by Adipose mTORC2 and Not Required for Lifespan Extension

(2019) Deyang Yu et al.   Cell Reports

Mitochondrial Perturbations Couple mTORC2 to Autophagy in C. elegans

(2019) Helena Aspernig et al.   Cell Reports

TGFB-INHB/activin signaling regulates age-dependent autophagy and cardiac health through inhibition of MTORC2

(2019) Kai Chang et al.   Autophagy

Growth Factor-Dependent and -Independent Activation of mTORC2

(2019) Jonas R. Knudsen et al.   TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Who does TORC2 talk to?

(2018) Jianling Xie et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

Metformin induces autophagy and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in myeloma by targeting the AMPK/mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways

(2018) Yan Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

SGK1 Inhibits Autophagy in Murine Muscle Tissue

(2018) Theresia Zuleger et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Lifespan extension without fertility reduction following dietary addition of the autophagy activator Torin1 in Drosophila melanogaster

(2018) Janet S. Mason et al.   PLoS One

A small molecule inhibitor of Rheb selectively targets mTORC1 signaling

(2018) Sarah J. Mahoney et al.   Nature Communications

AMPK contributes to autophagosome maturation and lysosomal fusion

(2018) Minsu Jang et al.   Scientific Reports

MITF-MIR211 axis is a novel autophagy amplifier system during cellular stress

(2018) Deniz Gulfem Ozturk et al.   Autophagy

Weighing In on mTOR Complex 2 Signaling: The Expanding Role in Cell Metabolism

(2018) Yongting Luo et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

MIR-190B Alleviates Cell Autophagy and Burn-Induced Skeletal Muscle Wasting via Modulating PHLPP1/AKT/FOXO3A Signaling Pathway

(2018) Yonghui Yu et al.   SHOCK

Localization of mTORC2 activity inside cells

(2017) Michael Ebner et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Rab7 may be a novel therapeutic target for neurologic diseases as a key regulator in autophagy

(2017) Haixia Wen et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH

mTORC2 Regulates Amino Acid Metabolism in Cancer by Phosphorylation of the Cystine-Glutamate Antiporter xCT

(2017) Yuchao Gu et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Specific blockade of Rictor-mTOR association inhibits mTORC2 activity and is cytotoxic in glioblastoma

(2017) Angelica Benavides-Serrato et al.   PLoS One

Protein kinase C-alpha suppresses autophagy and induces neural tube defects via miR-129-2 in diabetic pregnancy

(2017) Fang Wang et al.   Nature Communications

mTORC1-independent TFEB activation via Akt inhibition promotes cellular clearance in neurodegenerative storage diseases

(2017) Michela Palmieri et al.   Nature Communications

mTORC1/autophagy-regulated MerTK in mutant BRAFV600 melanoma with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition

(2017) Gongda Xue et al.   Oncotarget

Role of Akt-independent mTORC1 and GSK3β signaling in sublethal NMDA-induced injury and the recovery of neuronal electrophysiology and survival

(2017) Przemyslaw Swiatkowski et al.   Scientific Reports

Substrate specificity of TOR complex 2 is determined by a ubiquitin-fold domain of the Sin1 subunit

(2017) Hisashi Tatebe et al.   eLife

Tetrandrine, an Activator of Autophagy, Induces Autophagic Cell Death via PKC-α Inhibition and mTOR-Dependent Mechanisms

(2017) Vincent Kam Wai Wong et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Mammalian Autophagy: How Does It Work?

(2016) Carla F. Bento et al.   Annual Review of Biochemistry

The Lysosome as a Regulatory Hub

(2016) Rushika M. Perera et al.   Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

Amino Acids Regulate mTORC1 by an Obligate Two-step Mechanism

(2016) Julia Dyachok et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Mechanisms and functions of lysosome positioning

(2016) Jing Pu et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

Inhibition of Rb Phosphorylation Leads to mTORC2-Mediated Activation of Akt

(2016) Jinfang Zhang et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Protein kinase C controls lysosome biogenesis independently of mTORC1

(2016) Yang Li et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

SIRT1 Disruption in Human Fetal Hepatocytes Leads to Increased Accumulation of Glucose and Lipids

(2016) Takamasa Tobita et al.   PLoS One

TORC2 Structure and Function

(2016) Christl Gaubitz et al.   TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES

A systems study reveals concurrent activation of AMPK and mTOR by amino acids

(2016) Piero Dalle Pezze et al.   Nature Communications

PI3K/Akt promotes feedforward mTORC2 activation through IKKα

(2016) Han C. Dan et al.   Oncotarget

Crosstalk between cystine and glutathione is critical for the regulation of amino acid signaling pathways and ferroptosis

(2016) Xinlei Yu et al.   Scientific Reports

Alternative rapamycin treatment regimens mitigate the impact of rapamycin on glucose homeostasis and the immune system

(2015) Sebastian I. Arriola Apelo et al.   AGING CELL

Akt/PKB: one kinase, many modifications

(2015) Guillermo Risso et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

MiR-15a and miR-16 induce autophagy and enhance chemosensitivity of Camptothecin

(2015) Nunu Huang et al.   CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY

Altered lysosomal positioning affects lysosomal functions in a cellular model of Huntington's disease

(2015) Christine Erie et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3) Inhibition Induces Prosurvival Autophagic Signals in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells

(2015) Benoît Marchand et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Mitf is a master regulator of the v-ATPase, forming a control module for cellular homeostasis with v-ATPase and TORC1

(2015) T. Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

Molecular Basis of the Rapamycin Insensitivity of Target Of Rapamycin Complex 2

(2015) Christl Gaubitz et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Lysosomal mTORC2/PHLPP1/Akt Regulate Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy

(2015) Esperanza Arias et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Lysosomal calcium signalling regulates autophagy through calcineurin and TFEB

(2015) Diego L. Medina et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Shear stress regulates endothelial cell autophagy via redox regulation and Sirt1 expression

(2015) J Liu et al.   Cell Death & Disease

The SIN1-PH Domain Connects mTORC2 to PI3K

(2015) H.-X. Yuan et al.   Cancer Discovery

PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-Dependent Activation of the mTORC2 Kinase Complex

(2015) P. Liu et al.   Cancer Discovery

Lysosomal mTORC2/PHLPP1/Akt axis: a new point of control of chaperone-mediated autophagy

(2015) Esperanza Arias   Oncotarget

A Positive Feedback Loop between Akt and mTORC2 via SIN1 Phosphorylation

(2015) Guang Yang et al.   Cell Reports

Atg7 in development and disease: panacea or Pandora’s Box?

(2015) Jianhua Xiong   Protein & Cell

mTORC2-SGK-1 acts in two environmentally responsive pathways with opposing effects on longevity

(2014) Masaki Mizunuma et al.   AGING CELL

Depletion of Rictor, an essential protein component of mTORC2, decreases male lifespan

(2014) Dudley W. Lamming et al.   AGING CELL

ARG2 impairs endothelial autophagy through regulation of MTOR and PRKAA/AMPK signaling in advanced atherosclerosis

(2014) Yuyan Xiong et al.   Autophagy

Autophagy fosters myofibroblast differentiation through MTORC2 activation and downstream upregulation of CTGF

(2014) Monique Bernard et al.   Autophagy

Phosphorylation of Akt at the C-terminal tail triggers Akt Activation

(2014) Pengda Liu et al.   CELL CYCLE

Deficient Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Liver Leads to Metabolic Dysregulation

(2014) Jaime L. Schneider et al.   Cell Metabolism

CLIC3 controls recycling of late endosomal MT1-MMP and dictates invasion and metastasis in breast cancer

(2014) I. R. Macpherson et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

Cell-cycle-regulated activation of Akt kinase by phosphorylation at its carboxyl terminus

(2014) Pengda Liu et al.   NATURE

Supporting a Role for the GTPase Rab7 in Prostate Cancer Progression

(2014) Joshua J. Steffan et al.   PLoS One

TOR complex 2-Ypk1 signaling is an essential positive regulator of the general amino acid control response and autophagy

(2014) A. Vlahakis et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The Nutrient-Responsive Transcription Factor TFE3 Promotes Autophagy, Lysosomal Biogenesis, and Clearance of Cellular Debris

(2014) J. A. Martina et al.   Science Signaling

FOXO transcription factors: key regulators of cellular quality control

(2014) Ashley E. Webb et al.   TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES

Multiple Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Bacterial Autophagy

(2014) Serge Mostowy   PLoS Pathogens

PRKCB/protein kinase C, beta and the mitochondrial axis as key regulators of autophagy

(2013) Simone Patergnani et al.   Autophagy

mTOR Complex 2 Controls Glycolytic Metabolism in Glioblastoma through FoxO Acetylation and Upregulation of c-Myc

(2013) Kenta Masui et al.   Cell Metabolism

Endosomal WASH and exocyst complexes control exocytosis of MT1-MMP at invadopodia

(2013) Pedro Monteiro et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Rag GTPases mediate amino acid–dependent recruitment of TFEB and MITF to lysosomes

(2013) Jose A. Martina et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

FOXO3A directs a protective autophagy program in haematopoietic stem cells

(2013) Matthew R. Warr et al.   NATURE

Signal integration by mTORC1 coordinates nutrient input with biosynthetic output

(2013) Christian C. Dibble et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Haploinsufficiency of Akt1 Prolongs the Lifespan of Mice

(2013) Aika Nojima et al.   PLoS One

Retinoblastoma protein regulates the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis and favors glioblastoma resistance to etoposide

(2013) D Biasoli et al.   Cell Death & Disease

Induction of Melanogenesis by Rapamycin in Human MNT-1 Melanoma Cells

(2012) Young-Sool Hah et al.   Annals of Dermatology

MTORC1 functions as a transcriptional regulator of autophagy by preventing nuclear transport of TFEB

(2012) Jose A. Martina et al.   Autophagy

Rapalogs in cancer prevention

(2012) Mikhail V. Blagosklonny   CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY

A lysosome-to-nucleus signalling mechanism senses and regulates the lysosome via mTOR and TFEB

(2012) Carmine Settembre et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Modulation of glutamine metabolism by the PI(3)K–PKB–FOXO network regulates autophagy

(2012) Kristan E. van der Vos et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

PRR5L degradation promotes mTORC2-mediated PKC-δ phosphorylation and cell migration downstream of Gα12

(2012) Xiaoqing Gan et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Plasma membrane stress induces relocalization of Slm proteins and activation of TORC2 to promote sphingolipid synthesis

(2012) Doris Berchtold et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

RSK regulates activated BRAF signalling to mTORC1 and promotes melanoma growth

(2012) Y Romeo et al.   ONCOGENE

Rapamycin-Induced Insulin Resistance Is Mediated by mTORC2 Loss and Uncoupled from Longevity

(2012) D. W. Lamming et al.   SCIENCE

Akt-Mediated Regulation of Autophagy and Tumorigenesis Through Beclin 1 Phosphorylation

(2012) R. C. Wang et al.   SCIENCE

The Transcription Factor TFEB Links mTORC1 Signaling to Transcriptional Control of Lysosome Homeostasis

(2012) A. Roczniak-Ferguson et al.   Science Signaling

Chaperone-mediated autophagy: a unique way to enter the lysosome world

(2012) Susmita Kaushik et al.   TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY

mTORC2 targets AGC kinases through Sin1-dependent recruitment

(2011) Angus J. M. Cameron et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

Dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition diminishes Akt activation and induces Puma-dependent apoptosis in lymphoid malignancies

(2011) M. Gupta et al.   BLOOD

Activation of mTORC2 by Association with the Ribosome

(2011) Vittoria Zinzalla et al.   CELL

Autophagy: Renovation of Cells and Tissues

(2011) Noboru Mizushima et al.   CELL

Autophagy and Aging

(2011) David C. Rubinsztein et al.   CELL

mTOR complex 2 signaling and functions

(2011) Won Jun Oh et al.   CELL CYCLE

Principles and Current Strategies for Targeting Autophagy for Cancer Treatment

(2011) R. K. Amaravadi et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

Transcriptional Activation of Lysosomal Exocytosis Promotes Cellular Clearance

(2011) Diego L. Medina et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL CELL

Rab25 and CLIC3 Collaborate to Promote Integrin Recycling from Late Endosomes/Lysosomes and Drive Cancer Progression

(2011) Marta A. Dozynkiewicz et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL CELL

Regulation of TFEB and V-ATPases by mTORC1

(2011) Samuel Peña-Llopis et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Pancreatic cancers require autophagy for tumor growth

(2011) S. Yang et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

Autophagy-deficient mice develop multiple liver tumors

(2011) A. Takamura et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

Characterization of the CLEAR network reveals an integrated control of cellular clearance pathways

(2011) Michela Palmieri et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Hepatic Sirt1 deficiency in mice impairs mTorc2/Akt signaling and results in hyperglycemia, oxidative damage, and insulin resistance

(2011) Rui-Hong Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Lysosomal Proteolysis Inhibition Selectively Disrupts Axonal Transport of Degradative Organelles and Causes an Alzheimer's-Like Axonal Dystrophy

(2011) S. Lee et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

ER Stress Inhibits mTORC2 and Akt Signaling Through GSK-3 -Mediated Phosphorylation of Rictor

(2011) C.-H. Chen et al.   Science Signaling

Amino Acids Activate Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) via PI3K/Akt Signaling

(2010) Irantzu Tato et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

ERK1/2 Phosphorylate Raptor to Promote Ras-dependent Activation of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1)

(2010) Audrey Carriere et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Huntingtin coordinates the dynein-mediated dynamic positioning of endosomes and lysosomes

(2010) Juliane P. Caviston et al.   MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL

Cytosolic FoxO1 is essential for the induction of autophagy and tumour suppressor activity

(2010) Ying Zhao et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing

(2010) Roberto Zoncu et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Rapamycin inhibits mTORC1, but not completely

(2009) Carson C. Thoreen et al.   Autophagy

A complex interplay between Akt, TSC2 and the two mTOR complexes: Figure 1

(2009) Jingxiang Huang et al.   BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS

DEPTOR Is an mTOR Inhibitor Frequently Overexpressed in Multiple Myeloma Cells and Required for Their Survival

(2009) Timothy R. Peterson et al.   CELL

The Double-Edged Sword of Autophagy Modulation in Cancer

(2009) E. White et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

Rictor/TORC2 regulates fat metabolism, feeding, growth, and life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

(2009) A. A. Soukas et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

Tuberous sclerosis complex, implication from a rare genetic disease to common cancer treatment

(2009) K. Inoki et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

A Non-canonical MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway Regulates Autophagy via Regulating Beclin 1

(2009) Jianrong Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

An ATP-competitive Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Reveals Rapamycin-resistant Functions of mTORC1

(2009) Carson C. Thoreen et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Nutrient-dependent mTORC1 Association with the ULK1–Atg13–FIP200 Complex Required for Autophagy

(2009) Nao Hosokawa et al.   MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL

Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice

(2009) David E. Harrison et al.   NATURE

The nuts and bolts of AGC protein kinases

(2009) Laura R. Pearce et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Essential function of TORC2 in PKC and Akt turn motif phosphorylation, maturation and signalling

(2008) Tsuneo Ikenoue et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

AMPK Phosphorylation of Raptor Mediates a Metabolic Checkpoint

(2008) Dana M. Gwinn et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Restoration of chaperone-mediated autophagy in aging liver improves cellular maintenance and hepatic function

(2008) Cong Zhang et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

The Rag GTPases Bind Raptor and Mediate Amino Acid Signaling to mTORC1

(2008) Y. Sancak et al.   SCIENCE