The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Metformin reduces aging-related leaky gut and improves cognitive function by beneficially modulating gut microbiome/goblet cell/mucin axis

(2020) Shokouh Ahmadi et al.   JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES

Analysis of gut microbiota of obese individuals with type 2 diabetes and healthy individuals

(2020) Aftab Ahmad et al.   PLoS One

Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

(2020) Manoj Gurung et al.   EBioMedicine

Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Individuals at Different T2D Stages Reveals a Complex Relationship with the Host

(2020) Alejandra Chávez-Carbajal et al.   Microorganisms

Metaproteomics Reveals Growth Phase-Dependent Responses of an In Vitro Gut Microbiota to Metformin

(2020) Zikai Hao et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease

(2020) Yong Fan et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

A predictive index for health status using species-level gut microbiome profiling

(2020) Vinod K. Gupta et al.   Nature Communications

Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics

(2020) Jing Yang et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Effects of Metformin on the Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

(2020) Qi Zhang et al.   Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity-Targets and Therapy

Parabacteroides distasonis Alleviates Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Production of Succinate and Secondary Bile Acids

(2019) Kai Wang et al.   Cell Reports

Sex-Specific Changes in Gut Microbiome Composition following Blueberry Consumption in C57BL/6J Mice

(2019) Umesh D. Wankhade et al.   Nutrients

Metformin and gut microbiota: their interactions and their impact on diabetes

(2019) Natalia G. Vallianou et al.   Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Metformin-induced changes of the gut microbiota in healthy young men: results of a non-blinded, one-armed intervention study

(2019) Thomas Bryrup et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Metformin and DPP-4 Inhibitor Differentially Modulate the Intestinal Microbiota and Plasma Metabolome of Metabolically Dysfunctional Mice

(2019) Paul M. Ryan et al.   Canadian Journal of Diabetes

Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study

(2019) Clara Depommier et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Metformin attenuates the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and affects intestinal microbiota and barrier in small intestine

(2019) Annette Brandt et al.   Scientific Reports

A Purified Anthraquinone-Glycoside Preparation From Rhubarb Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Reducing Inflammation

(2019) Hong-Xin Cui et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Host-Microbe-Drug-Nutrient Screen Identifies Bacterial Effectors of Metformin Therapy

(2019) Rosina Pryor et al.   CELL

Effects of metformin, acarbose, and sitagliptin monotherapy on gut microbiota in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

(2019) Minchun Zhang et al.   BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care

Effects of berberine and metformin on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiome composition in db/db mice

(2019) Wang Zhang et al.   BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

Mechanism of glucose‐lowering by metformin in type 2 diabetes: Role of bile acids

(2019) Daniel J. Sansome et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extract improves insulin resistance by regulating gut microbiota composition

(2019) Yangyang Liu et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Evaluation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species and strain-level microbiome analysis

(2019) Jethro S. Johnson et al.   Nature Communications

Effect of Metformin on Short-Term High-Fat Diet-Induced Weight Gain and Anxiety-Like Behavior and the Gut Microbiota

(2019) Shuqin Ji et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Alcohol shifts gut microbial networks and ameliorates a murine model of neuroinflammation in a sex-specific pattern

(2019) Blaine Caslin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Antihyperglycemic effect of rice husk derived xylooligosaccharides in high‐fat diet and low‐dose streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetic rat model

(2019) Nuntawat Khat‐udomkiri et al.   Food Science & Nutrition

The Human Gut Microbiome: From Association to Modulation

(2018) Thomas S.B. Schmidt et al.   CELL

Lactobacillus gasseri in the Upper Small Intestine Impacts an ACSL3-Dependent Fatty Acid-Sensing Pathway Regulating Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis

(2018) Paige V. Bauer et al.   Cell Metabolism

Metformin Alters Upper Small Intestinal Microbiota that Impact a Glucose-SGLT1-Sensing Glucoregulatory Pathway

(2018) Paige V. Bauer et al.   Cell Metabolism

Metformin

(2018) Julie Rodriguez et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE

Intestine farnesoid X receptor agonist and the gut microbiota activate G-protein bile acid receptor-1 signaling to improve metabolism

(2018) Preeti Pathak et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Pumpkin polysaccharide modifies the gut microbiota during alleviation of type 2 diabetes in rats

(2018) Guimei Liu et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

Prebiotic Mannan-Oligosaccharides Augment the Hypoglycemic Effects of Metformin in Correlation with Modulating Gut Microbiota

(2018) Jialin Zheng et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Stachyose Improves Inflammation through Modulating Gut Microbiota of High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

(2018) Guimei Liu et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

Metformin Alters Gut Microbiota of Healthy Mice: Implication for Its Potential Role in Gut Microbiota Homeostasis

(2018) Wei Ma et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Understanding the Representative Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Metformin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling

(2018) Dorines Rosario et al.   Frontiers in Physiology

Association of metformin administration with gut microbiome dysbiosis in healthy volunteers

(2018) Ilze Elbere et al.   PLoS One

The Human Gut Microbiome – A Potential Controller of Wellness and Disease

(2018) Zhi Y. Kho et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Gut microbiota and intestinal FXR mediate the clinical benefits of metformin

(2018) Lulu Sun et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Pharmaceutical Impact of Houttuynia Cordata and Metformin Combination on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders: Link to Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia

(2018) Jing-Hua Wang et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Anthropometric and metabolic improvements in human type 2 diabetes after introduction of an Okinawan-based Nordic diet are not associated with changes in microbial diversity or SCFA concentrations

(2017) Fang Huang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION

Factors Influencing the Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Type 2 Diabetes

(2017) Li Wen et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug

(2017) Hao Wu et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Effects of Lactobacillus casei CCFM419 on insulin resistance and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice

(2017) X. Li et al.   Beneficial Microbes

Houttuynia cordata Facilitates Metformin on Ameliorating Insulin Resistance Associated with Gut Microbiota Alteration in OLETF Rats

(2017) Jing-Hua Wang et al.   Genes

A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility

(2016) Mahesh S. Desai et al.   CELL

Gut microbiota signatures of longevity

(2016) Fanli Kong et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

[11C]-Labeled Metformin Distribution in the Liver and Small Intestine Using Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography in Mice Demonstrates Tissue-Specific Transporter Dependency

(2016) Jonas B. Jensen et al.   DIABETES

Metformin Is Associated With Higher Relative Abundance of Mucin-DegradingAkkermansia muciniphilaand Several Short-Chain Fatty Acid–Producing Microbiota in the Gut

(2016) Jacobo de la Cuesta-Zuluaga et al.   DIABETES CARE

Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by probiotic strains of Indian gut origin in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice

(2016) Mahalingam Balakumar et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Effects ofLactobacillus plantarumCCFM0236 on hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in high-fat and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice

(2016) X. Li et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurized bacterium improves metabolism in obese and diabetic mice

(2016) Hubert Plovier et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Akkermansia muciniphila mediates negative effects of IFNγ on glucose metabolism

(2016) Renee L. Greer et al.   Nature Communications

New insights into the anti-diabetic actions of metformin: from the liver to the gut

(2016) Tongzhi Wu et al.   Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Characterization of the Gut Microbial Community of Obese Patients Following a Weight-Loss Intervention Using Whole Metagenome Shotgun Sequencing

(2016) Sandrine Louis et al.   PLoS One

Immune Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis in Health and Disease

(2015) Jonathan R. Brestoff et al.   CELL

Glucoregulatory Relevance of Small Intestinal Nutrient Sensing in Physiology, Bariatric Surgery, and Pharmacology

(2015) Frank A. Duca et al.   Cell Metabolism

Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut BacteriumAkkermansia muciniphilaand Attenuate High-Fat Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome

(2015) Diana E. Roopchand et al.   DIABETES

The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation. Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies

(2015) John B. Buse et al.   DIABETES CARE

Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes

(2015) Nathalie M. Delzenne et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota

(2015) Kristoffer Forslund et al.   NATURE

Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk–dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats

(2015) Frank A Duca et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Regulation of metabolism by the innate immune system

(2015) Denise E. Lackey et al.   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Farnesoid X receptor inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 production by enteroendocrine L cells

(2015) Mohamed-Sami Trabelsi et al.   Nature Communications

New mechanisms of metformin action: Focusing on mitochondria and the gut

(2015) Kyu Yeon Hur et al.   Journal of Diabetes Investigation

Metformin Ameliorates Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Suppression of the STAT3 Signaling Pathway and Regulation of the between Th17/Treg Balance

(2015) Seon-Yeong Lee et al.   PLoS One

Modulation of gut microbiota by berberine and metformin during the treatment of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats

(2015) Xu Zhang et al.   Scientific Reports

Effect of Metformin on Metabolic Improvement and Gut Microbiota

(2014) Heetae Lee et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Metformin: From Mechanisms of Action to Therapies

(2014) Marc Foretz et al.   Cell Metabolism

Molecular Mechanisms of Glucose-Stimulated GLP-1 Secretion From Perfused Rat Small Intestine

(2014) Rune E. Kuhre et al.   DIABETES

Association of Organic Cation Transporter 1 With Intolerance to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A GoDARTS Study

(2014) Tanja Dujic et al.   DIABETES

Gut Dysbiosis and Detection of “Live Gut Bacteria” in Blood of Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

(2014) Junko Sato et al.   DIABETES CARE

Compositional and Functional Features of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Their Effects on Human Health

(2014) Emily B. Hollister et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increasedAkkermansiaspp. population in the gut microbiota of mice

(2014) Fernando F Anhê et al.   GUT

Host adaptive immunity alters gut microbiota

(2014) Husen Zhang et al.   ISME Journal

Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

(2014) Anila K. Madiraju et al.   NATURE

Antidiabetic effect of Lactobacillus casei CCFM0412 on mice with type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin

(2014) Pei Chen et al.   NUTRITION

Novel Gut-Based Pharmacology of Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

(2014) Antonella Napolitano et al.   PLoS One

Metabolic Resource Allocation in Individual Microbes Determines Ecosystem Interactions and Spatial Dynamics

(2014) William R. Harcombe et al.   Cell Reports

Interactions between Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides Species in Cofermentations Are Affected by Carbon Sources, Including Exopolysaccharides Produced by Bifidobacteria

(2013) David Rios-Covian et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Gut Microbiota Regulates Bile Acid Metabolism by Reducing the Levels of Tauro-beta-muricholic Acid, a Naturally Occurring FXR Antagonist

(2013) Sama I. Sayin et al.   Cell Metabolism

Effects of Sitagliptin and Metformin Treatment on Incretin Hormone and Insulin Secretory Responses to Oral and "Isoglycemic" Intravenous Glucose

(2013) I. Vardarli et al.   DIABETES

Molecular mechanism of action of metformin: old or new insights?

(2013) Graham Rena et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Anal gas evacuation and colonic microbiota in patients with flatulence: effect of diet

(2013) Chaysavanh Manichanh et al.   GUT

An increase in theAkkermansiaspp. population induced by metformin treatment improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice

(2013) Na-Ri Shin et al.   GUT

G protein-coupled receptor120 (GPR120) transcription in intestinal epithelial cells is significantly affected by bacteria belonging to the Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes phyla1

(2013) M. Fredborg et al.   JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism

(2013) Gijs den Besten et al.   JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH

Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers

(2013) Emmanuelle Le Chatelier et al.   NATURE

Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control

(2013) Fredrik H. Karlsson et al.   NATURE

The SEED and the Rapid Annotation of microbial genomes using Subsystems Technology (RAST)

(2013) Ross Overbeek et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Human Gut Microbiota Changes Reveal the Progression of Glucose Intolerance

(2013) Xiuying Zhang et al.   PLoS One

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Gut Microbiota, Especially Akkermansia muciniphila, Protect the Progression of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis

(2013) Chil-sung Kang et al.   PLoS One

Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity

(2013) A. Everard et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Host-Derived Nitrate Boosts Growth of E. coli in the Inflamed Gut

(2013) S. E. Winter et al.   SCIENCE

Microbiome remodelling leads to inhibition of intestinal farnesoid X receptor signalling and decreased obesity

(2013) Fei Li et al.   Nature Communications

Metformin: an old but still the best treatment for type 2 diabetes

(2013) Lilian Beatriz Aguayo Rojas et al.   Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Functional assignment of metagenomic data: challenges and applications

(2012) T. Prakash et al.   BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS

Probiotics as potential biotherapeutics in the management of type 2 diabetes - prospects and perspectives

(2012) Harsh Panwar et al.   DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS

Modulation of gut microbiota by antibiotics improves insulin signalling in high-fat fed mice

(2012) B. M. Carvalho et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Predominant role of active versus facilitative glucose transport for glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion

(2012) H. E. Parker et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Gut microbiota regulates NKG2D ligand expression on intestinal epithelial cells

(2012) Camilla H. F. Hansen et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Transfer of Intestinal Microbiota From Lean Donors Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome

(2012) Anne Vrieze et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

The gut microbiota elicits a profound metabolic reorientation in the mouse jejunal mucosa during conventionalisation

(2012) Sahar El Aidy et al.   GUT

Microbes inside—from diversity to function: the case of Akkermansia

(2012) Clara Belzer et al.   ISME Journal

Impact of Lifestyle Intervention and Metformin on Health-Related Quality of Life: the Diabetes Prevention Program Randomized Trial

(2012) Hermes Florez et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE

A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes

(2012) Junjie Qin et al.   NATURE

The cellular and signaling networks linking the immune system and metabolism in disease

(2012) Olivia Osborn et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Standard Colonic Lavage Alters the Natural State of Mucosal-Associated Microbiota in the Human Colon

(2012) Laura Harrell et al.   PLoS One

Butyrate and Propionate Protect against Diet-Induced Obesity and Regulate Gut Hormones via Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3-Independent Mechanisms

(2012) Hua V. Lin et al.   PLoS One

OptCom: A Multi-Level Optimization Framework for the Metabolic Modeling and Analysis of Microbial Communities

(2012) Ali R. Zomorrodi et al.   PLoS Computational Biology

Dysfunction of the intestinal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and treatment

(2012) Xochitl C Morgan et al.   GENOME BIOLOGY

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Metformin

(2011) Garry G. Graham et al.   CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: an overview

(2011) Benoit Viollet et al.   CLINICAL SCIENCE

Na+-D-glucose Cotransporter SGLT1 is Pivotal for Intestinal Glucose Absorption and Glucose-Dependent Incretin Secretion

(2011) V. Gorboulev et al.   DIABETES

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion via the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor FFAR2

(2011) G. Tolhurst et al.   DIABETES

Metformin effects revisited

(2011) P. Andújar-Plata et al.   DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE

Intestinal mucosal adherence and translocation of commensal bacteria at the early onset of type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms and probiotic treatment

(2011) Jacques Amar et al.   EMBO Molecular Medicine

Lowering Bile Acid Pool Size with a Synthetic Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Agonist Induces Obesity and Diabetes through Reduced Energy Expenditure

(2011) Mitsuhiro Watanabe et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease

(2011) Carey N. Lumeng et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Probiotic yogurt improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients

(2011) Hanie S. Ejtahed et al.   NUTRITION

The Genome of Akkermansia muciniphila, a Dedicated Intestinal Mucin Degrader, and Its Use in Exploring Intestinal Metagenomes

(2011) Mark W. J. van Passel et al.   PLoS One

Mucolytic Bacteria With Increased Prevalence in IBD Mucosa Augment In Vitro Utilization of Mucin by Other Bacteria

(2010) Chin Wen Png et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Regional differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiota determine the physiological expression of host heat shock proteins

(2010) Shien Hu et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY

Metabolites produced by probiotic Lactobacilli rapidly increase glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells

(2010) Arun K Rooj et al.   BMC MICROBIOLOGY

Metformin regulates the incretin receptor axis via a pathway dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in mice

(2010) A. Maida et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice independently of the LKB1/AMPK pathway via a decrease in hepatic energy state

(2010) Marc Foretz et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Neuronal regulation of homeostasis by nutrient sensing

(2010) Tony K T Lam   NATURE MEDICINE

Gut Microbiota in Human Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Differs from Non-Diabetic Adults

(2010) Nadja Larsen et al.   PLoS One

The Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Microbes at a Temperate Coastal Site: A ‘Multi-Omic’ Study of Seasonal and Diel Temporal Variation

(2010) Jack A. Gilbert et al.   PLoS One

The two mucus layers of colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer is a legislator of host-microbial interactions

(2010) M. E. V. Johansson et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Activation of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 ameliorates hyperglycemia by mediating incretin secretion in mice

(2009) Ryuichi Moriya et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Butyrate Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Increases Energy Expenditure in Mice

(2009) Z. Gao et al.   DIABETES

Secondary Failure of Metformin Monotherapy in Clinical Practice

(2009) J. B. Brown et al.   DIABETES CARE

Gender differences in insulin resistance, body composition, and energy balance

(2009) Eliza B. Geer et al.   Gender Medicine

Metformin inhibits nuclear factor κB activation and decreases serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in experimental atherogenesis of rabbits

(2009) Song-Nan Li et al.   HEART AND VESSELS

Adipose Tissue Macrophages, Low Grade Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Human Obesity

(2008) Leonie Heilbronn et al.   CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN

Changes in Gut Microbiota Control Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Mice

(2008) P. D. Cani et al.   DIABETES

Metformin and the intestine

(2008) C. J. Bailey et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Metformin inhibits TNF-α-induced IκB kinase phosphorylation, IκB-α degradation and IL-6 production in endothelial cells through PI3K-dependent AMPK phosphorylation

(2008) Nan-Lan Huang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY

A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins

(2008) Peter J. Turnbaugh et al.   NATURE