The chemistry of Cas9 and its CRISPR colleagues

Crystal Structure of the Minimal Cas9 from Campylobacter jejuni Reveals the Molecular Diversity in the CRISPR-Cas9 Systems

(2017) Mari Yamada et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Structural Basis for Guide RNA Processing and Seed-Dependent DNA Targeting by CRISPR-Cas12a

(2017) Daan C. Swarts et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

C2c1-sgRNA Complex Structure Reveals RNA-Guided DNA Cleavage Mechanism

(2017) Liang Liu et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Structural Basis for the Canonical and Non-canonical PAM Recognition by CRISPR-Cpf1

(2017) Takashi Yamano et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Structural Basis for the Altered PAM Recognition by Engineered CRISPR-Cpf1

(2017) Hiroshi Nishimasu et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Cas13b Is a Type VI-B CRISPR-Associated RNA-Guided RNase Differentially Regulated by Accessory Proteins Csx27 and Csx28

(2017) Aaron A. Smargon et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

RNA Targeting by Functionally Orthogonal Type VI-A CRISPR-Cas Enzymes

(2017) Alexandra East-Seletsky et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Type III CRISPR–Cas systems produce cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers

(2017) Ole Niewoehner et al.   NATURE

Engineered Cpf1 variants with altered PAM specificities

(2017) Linyi Gao et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Diversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems

(2017) Sergey Shmakov et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

CRISPR-Cas9 conformational activation as elucidated from enhanced molecular simulations

(2017) Giulia Palermo et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Mechanism of duplex DNA destabilization by RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease during target interrogation

(2017) Vladimir Mekler et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A cyclic oligonucleotide signaling pathway in type III CRISPR-Cas systems

(2017) Migle Kazlauskiene et al.   SCIENCE

Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2

(2017) Jonathan S. Gootenberg et al.   SCIENCE

Type III CRISPR-Cas Immunity: Major Differences Brushed Aside

(2017) Gintautas Tamulaitis et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY

In vivo genome editing with a small Cas9 orthologue derived from Campylobacter jejuni

(2017) Eunji Kim et al.   Nature Communications

Profiling single-guide RNA specificity reveals a mismatch sensitive core sequence

(2017) Ting Zheng et al.   Scientific Reports

Lessons from Enzyme Kinetics Reveal Specificity Principles for RNA-Guided Nucleases in RNA Interference and CRISPR-Based Genome Editing

(2017) Namita Bisaria et al.   Cell Systems

A decade of discovery: CRISPR functions and applications

(2017) Rodolphe Barrangou et al.   Nature Microbiology

A conformational checkpoint between DNA binding and cleavage by CRISPR-Cas9

(2017) Yavuz S. Dagdas et al.   Science Advances

RNA and DNA Targeting by a Reconstituted Thermus thermophilus Type III-A CRISPR-Cas System

(2017) Tina Y. Liu et al.   PLoS One

Crystal Structure of Cpf1 in Complex with Guide RNA and Target DNA

(2016) Takashi Yamano et al.   CELL

Structure and Engineering of Francisella novicida Cas9

(2016) Hisato Hirano et al.   CELL

PAM-Dependent Target DNA Recognition and Cleavage by C2c1 CRISPR-Cas Endonuclease

(2016) Hui Yang et al.   CELL

Type V CRISPR-Cas Cpf1 endonuclease employs a unique mechanism for crRNA-mediated target DNA recognition

(2016) Pu Gao et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Off-target effects of engineered nucleases

(2016) Jiing-Kuan Yee   FEBS Journal

RNA-activated DNA cleavage by the Type III-B CRISPR–Cas effector complex

(2016) Michael A. Estrella et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

Bipartite recognition of target RNAs activates DNA cleavage by the Type III-B CRISPR–Cas system

(2016) Joshua R. Elmore et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

DNA Targeting by a Minimal CRISPR RNA-Guided Cascade

(2016) Megan L. Hochstrasser et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Structural Basis for the Altered PAM Specificities of Engineered CRISPR-Cas9

(2016) Seiichi Hirano et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Methods for Optimizing CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing Specificity

(2016) Josh Tycko et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

The CRISPR-associated DNA-cleaving enzyme Cpf1 also processes precursor CRISPR RNA

(2016) Ines Fonfara et al.   NATURE

The crystal structure of Cpf1 in complex with CRISPR RNA

(2016) De Dong et al.   NATURE

New CRISPR–Cas systems from uncultivated microbes

(2016) David Burstein et al.   NATURE

High-fidelity CRISPR–Cas9 nucleases with no detectable genome-wide off-target effects

(2016) Benjamin P. Kleinstiver et al.   NATURE

Two distinct RNase activities of CRISPR-C2c2 enable guide-RNA processing and RNA detection

(2016) Alexandra East-Seletsky et al.   NATURE

Generation of knockout mice by Cpf1-mediated gene targeting

(2016) Yongsub Kim et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Targeted mutagenesis in mice by electroporation of Cpf1 ribonucleoproteins

(2016) Junho K Hur et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Genome-wide specificities of CRISPR-Cas Cpf1 nucleases in human cells

(2016) Benjamin P Kleinstiver et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Genome-wide analysis reveals specificities of Cpf1 endonucleases in human cells

(2016) Daesik Kim et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

In vivo high-throughput profiling of CRISPR–Cpf1 activity

(2016) Hui K Kim et al.   NATURE METHODS

Cornerstones of CRISPR–Cas in drug discovery and therapy

(2016) Christof Fellmann et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Defining and improving the genome-wide specificities of CRISPR–Cas9 nucleases

(2016) Shengdar Q. Tsai et al.   NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS

Structures of a CRISPR-Cas9 R-loop complex primed for DNA cleavage

(2016) F. Jiang et al.   SCIENCE

Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR-Cas systems

(2016) Prarthana Mohanraju et al.   SCIENCE

C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector

(2016) Omar O. Abudayyeh et al.   SCIENCE

Structural roles of guide RNAs in the nuclease activity of Cas9 endonuclease

(2016) Youngbin Lim et al.   Nature Communications

Real-time observation of DNA recognition and rejection by the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9

(2016) Digvijay Singh et al.   Nature Communications

Internal guide RNA interactions interfere with Cas9-mediated cleavage

(2016) Summer B. Thyme et al.   Nature Communications

A Biophysical Model of CRISPR/Cas9 Activity for Rational Design of Genome Editing and Gene Regulation

(2016) Iman Farasat et al.   PLoS Computational Biology

Striking Plasticity of CRISPR-Cas9 and Key Role of Non-target DNA, as Revealed by Molecular Simulations

(2016) Giulia Palermo et al.   ACS Central Science

Co-transcriptional DNA and RNA Cleavage during Type III CRISPR-Cas Immunity

(2015) Poulami Samai et al.   CELL

Crystal Structure of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9

(2015) Hiroshi Nishimasu et al.   CELL

Cpf1 Is a Single RNA-Guided Endonuclease of a Class 2 CRISPR-Cas System

(2015) Bernd Zetsche et al.   CELL

Single-Stranded DNA Cleavage by Divergent CRISPR-Cas9 Enzymes

(2015) Enbo Ma et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Discovery and Functional Characterization of Diverse Class 2 CRISPR-Cas Systems

(2015) Sergey Shmakov et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Integrase-mediated spacer acquisition during CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity

(2015) James K. Nuñez et al.   NATURE

Engineered CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases with altered PAM specificities

(2015) Benjamin P. Kleinstiver et al.   NATURE

Conformational control of DNA target cleavage by CRISPR–Cas9

(2015) Samuel H. Sternberg et al.   NATURE

Cas9 specifies functional viral targets during CRISPR–Cas adaptation

(2015) Robert Heler et al.   NATURE

Genome-scale transcriptional activation by an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 complex

(2015) Silvana Konermann et al.   NATURE

In vivo genome editing using Staphylococcus aureus Cas9

(2015) F. Ann Ran et al.   NATURE

Chemically modified guide RNAs enhance CRISPR-Cas genome editing in human primary cells

(2015) Ayal Hendel et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unbiased detection of off-target cleavage by CRISPR-Cas9 and TALENs using integrase-defective lentiviral vectors

(2015) Xiaoling Wang et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Digenome-seq: genome-wide profiling of CRISPR-Cas9 off-target effects in human cells

(2015) Daesik Kim et al.   NATURE METHODS

An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems

(2015) Kira S. Makarova et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Structure and specificity of the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 during DNA interrogation, target binding and cleavage

(2015) Eric A. Josephs et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

A genome-wide analysis of Cas9 binding specificity using ChIP-seq and targeted sequence capture

(2015) Henriette O'Geen et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Rational design of a split-Cas9 enzyme complex

(2015) Addison V. Wright et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A Cas9-guide RNA complex preorganized for target DNA recognition

(2015) F. Jiang et al.   SCIENCE

Rationally engineered Cas9 nucleases with improved specificity

(2015) I. M. Slaymaker et al.   SCIENCE

Dynamics of CRISPR-Cas9 genome interrogation in living cells

(2015) Spencer C. Knight et al.   SCIENCE

Cutting it close: CRISPR-associated endoribonuclease structure and function

(2015) Megan L. Hochstrasser et al.   TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES

Directional R-Loop Formation by the CRISPR-Cas Surveillance Complex Cascade Provides Efficient Off-Target Site Rejection

(2015) Marius Rutkauskas et al.   Cell Reports

Crystal Structure of Cas9 in Complex with Guide RNA and Target DNA

(2014) Hiroshi Nishimasu et al.   CELL

Genome-Scale CRISPR-Mediated Control of Gene Repression and Activation

(2014) Luke A. Gilbert et al.   CELL

Development and Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for Genome Engineering

(2014) Patrick D. Hsu et al.   CELL

Highly efficient RNA-guided genome editing in human cells via delivery of purified Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

(2014) S. Kim et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

Guide RNA Functional Modules Direct Cas9 Activity and Orthogonality

(2014) Alexandra E. Briner et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Multiplexed and Programmable Regulation of Gene Networks with an Integrated RNA and CRISPR/Cas Toolkit in Human Cells

(2014) Lior Nissim et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Structural basis of PAM-dependent target DNA recognition by the Cas9 endonuclease

(2014) Carolin Anders et al.   NATURE

Programmable RNA recognition and cleavage by CRISPR/Cas9

(2014) Mitchell R. O’Connell et al.   NATURE

DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9

(2014) Samuel H. Sternberg et al.   NATURE

Genome-wide binding of the CRISPR endonuclease Cas9 in mammalian cells

(2014) Xuebing Wu et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease specificity using truncated guide RNAs

(2014) Yanfang Fu et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Dimeric CRISPR RNA-guided FokI nucleases for highly specific genome editing

(2014) Shengdar Q Tsai et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

CRISPR-Cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes

(2014) Jeffry D Sander et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Rational design of highly active sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9–mediated gene inactivation

(2014) John G Doench et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Fusion of catalytically inactive Cas9 to FokI nuclease improves the specificity of genome modification

(2014) John P Guilinger et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

GUIDE-seq enables genome-wide profiling of off-target cleavage by CRISPR-Cas nucleases

(2014) Shengdar Q Tsai et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Genome-wide detection of DNA double-stranded breaks induced by engineered nucleases

(2014) Richard L Frock et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unravelling the structural and mechanistic basis of CRISPR–Cas systems

(2014) John van der Oost et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Efficient programmable gene silencing by Cascade

(2014) Devashish Rath et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Detection and characterization of spacer integration intermediates in type I-E CRISPR–Cas system

(2014) Zihni Arslan et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Classification and evolution of type II CRISPR-Cas systems

(2014) Krzysztof Chylinski et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM)-Distal Sequences Engage CRISPR Cas9 DNA Target Cleavage

(2014) Regina Cencic et al.   PLoS One

Direct observation of R-loop formation by single RNA-guided Cas9 and Cascade effector complexes

(2014) Mark D. Szczelkun et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9

(2014) J. A. Doudna et al.   SCIENCE

Structures of Cas9 Endonucleases Reveal RNA-Mediated Conformational Activation

(2014) M. Jinek et al.   SCIENCE

Comprehensive analysis of the HEPN superfamily: identification of novel roles in intra-genomic conflicts, defense, pathogenesis and RNA processing

(2013) Vivek Anantharaman et al.   Biology Direct

Dynamic Imaging of Genomic Loci in Living Human Cells by an Optimized CRISPR/Cas System

(2013) Baohui Chen et al.   CELL

Double Nicking by RNA-Guided CRISPR Cas9 for Enhanced Genome Editing Specificity

(2013) F. Ann Ran et al.   CELL

Analysis of off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas-derived RNA-guided endonucleases and nickases

(2013) S. W. Cho et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

CAS9 transcriptional activators for target specificity screening and paired nickases for cooperative genome engineering

(2013) Prashant Mali et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases

(2013) Patrick D Hsu et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed Cas9 nuclease specificity

(2013) Vikram Pattanayak et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

RNA-guided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR-Cas systems

(2013) Wenyan Jiang et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Cas9 as a versatile tool for engineering biology

(2013) Prashant Mali et al.   NATURE METHODS

Orthogonal Cas9 proteins for RNA-guided gene regulation and editing

(2013) Kevin M Esvelt et al.   NATURE METHODS

CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) for sequence-specific control of gene expression

(2013) Matthew H Larson et al.   Nature Protocols

Crystal structure of RuvC resolvase in complex with Holliday junction substrate

(2013) Karolina M. Górecka et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Comparative genomics of defense systems in archaea and bacteria

(2013) Kira S. Makarova et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Double-strand DNA end-binding and sliding of the toroidal CRISPR-associated protein Csn2

(2013) Zihni Arslan et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

CRISPR-Cas

(2013) Eugene V. Koonin et al.   RNA Biology

The tracrRNA and Cas9 families of type II CRISPR-Cas immunity systems

(2013) Krzysztof Chylinski et al.   RNA Biology

Protospacer recognition motifs

(2013) Shiraz A. Shah et al.   RNA Biology

crRNA and tracrRNA guide Cas9-mediated DNA interference inStreptococcus thermophilus

(2013) Tautvydas Karvelis et al.   RNA Biology

RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas9

(2013) P. Mali et al.   SCIENCE

Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems

(2013) L. Cong et al.   SCIENCE

RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells

(2013) Martin Jinek et al.   eLife

CRISPR Immunity Relies on the Consecutive Binding and Degradation of Negatively Supercoiled Invader DNA by Cascade and Cas3

(2012) Edze R. Westra et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

RNA-guided genetic silencing systems in bacteria and archaea

(2012) Blake Wiedenheft et al.   NATURE

Structural asymmetry in the Thermus thermophilus RuvC dimer suggests a basis for sequential strand cleavages during Holliday junction resolution

(2012) Luan Chen et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

The CRISPR Associated Protein Cas4 Is a 5′ to 3′ DNA Exonuclease with an Iron-Sulfur Cluster

(2012) Jing Zhang et al.   PLoS One

Cas9-crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria

(2012) G. Gasiunas et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Cascade-mediated binding and bending of negatively supercoiled DNA

(2012) Edze R. Westra et al.   RNA Biology

A Programmable Dual-RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity

(2012) M. Jinek et al.   SCIENCE

Cas3 is a single-stranded DNA nuclease and ATP-dependent helicase in the CRISPR/Cas immune system

(2011) Tomas Sinkunas et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Crystal Structure of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated Csn2 Protein Revealed Ca2+-dependent Double-stranded DNA Binding Activity

(2011) Ki Hyun Nam et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III

(2011) Elitza Deltcheva et al.   NATURE

Evolution and classification of the CRISPR–Cas systems

(2011) Kira S. Makarova et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Recognition and maturation of effector RNAs in a CRISPR interference pathway

(2011) Emily M Gesner et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Structural basis for CRISPR RNA-guided DNA recognition by Cascade

(2011) Matthijs M Jore et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The phage-host arms race: Shaping the evolution of microbes

(2010) Adi Stern et al.   BIOESSAYS

The CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA

(2010) Josiane E. Garneau et al.   NATURE

CRISPR interference: RNA-directed adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea

(2010) Luciano A. Marraffini et al.   NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS

Nucleases: diversity of structure, function and mechanism

(2010) Wei Yang   QUARTERLY REVIEWS OF BIOPHYSICS

Short motif sequences determine the targets of the prokaryotic CRISPR defence system

(2009)   MICROBIOLOGY-SGM

Cas6 is an endoribonuclease that generates guide RNAs for invader defense in prokaryotes

(2008) J. Carte et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

An equivalent metal ion in one- and two-metal-ion catalysis

(2008) Wei Yang   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Small CRISPR RNAs Guide Antiviral Defense in Prokaryotes

(2008) S. J. J. Brouns et al.   SCIENCE

CRISPR — a widespread system that provides acquired resistance against phages in bacteria and archaea

(2007) Rotem Sorek et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY