Phase Separation by the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein: Consensus and Open Questions

The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid phosphoprotein forms mutually exclusive condensates with RNA and the membrane-associated M protein

(2021) Shan Lu et al.   Nature Communications

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein phase separates with G3BPs to disassemble stress granules and facilitate viral production

(2021) Lingling Luo et al.   Science Bulletin

Structural Insight Into the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein C-Terminal Domain Reveals a Novel Recognition Mechanism for Viral Transcriptional Regulatory Sequences

(2021) Mei Yang et al.   Frontiers in Chemistry

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation into stress granules through its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region

(2021) Jia Wang et al.   Cell Discovery

ATP biphasically modulates LLPS of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and specifically binds its RNA-binding domain

(2021) Mei Dang et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

From Prions to Stress Granules: Defining the Compositional Features of Prion-Like Domains That Promote Different Types of Assemblies

(2021) Anastasia Fomicheva et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Liquid Biomolecular Condensates and Viral Lifecycles: Review and Perspectives

(2021) Temitope Etibor et al.   Viruses-Basel

Type I and III interferon responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2021) You-Me Kim et al.   EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies

(2021) Yusuke Kasuga et al.   EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV

(2021) Alexey Stukalov et al.   NATURE

GCG inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by disrupting the liquid phase condensation of its nucleocapsid protein

(2021) Ming Zhao et al.   Nature Communications

The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is dynamic, disordered, and phase separates with RNA

(2021) Jasmine Cubuk et al.   Nature Communications

Understanding the phase separation characteristics of nucleocapsid protein provides a new therapeutic opportunity against SARS-CoV-2

(2021) Dan Zhao et al.   Protein & Cell

Energetic and structural features of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein co-assemblies with nucleic acids

(2021) Huaying Zhao et al.   iScience

Role of spatial patterning of N-protein interactions in SARS-CoV-2 genome packaging

(2021) Ian Seim et al.   BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL

Arginine methylation of SARS-Cov-2 nucleocapsid protein regulates RNA binding, its ability to suppress stress granule formation, and viral replication

(2021) Ting Cai et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Targeting liquid–liquid phase separation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein promotes innate antiviral immunity by elevating MAVS activity

(2021) Shuai Wang et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers widespread host mRNA decay leading to an mRNA export block

(2021) James M. Burke et al.   RNA

Characterising proteolysis during SARS-CoV-2 infection identifies viral cleavage sites and cellular targets with therapeutic potential

(2021) Bjoern Meyer et al.   Nature Communications

The architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome inside virion

(2021) Changchang Cao et al.   Nature Communications

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein impairs stress granule formation to promote viral replication

(2021) Zhou-Qin Zheng et al.   Cell Discovery

Molecular determinants for regulation of G3BP1/2 phase separation by the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein

(2021) Wenjie Huang et al.   Cell Discovery

Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein reveals multiple functional consequences of the C-terminal domain

(2021) Chao Wu et al.   iScience

Nucleocapsid mutations R203K/G204R increase the infectivity, fitness, and virulence of SARS-CoV-2

(2021) Haibo Wu et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

The method utilized to purify the SARS-CoV-2 N protein can affect its molecular properties

(2021) Aneta Tarczewska et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

Large scale discovery of coronavirus-host factor protein interaction motifs reveals SARS-CoV-2 specific mechanisms and vulnerabilities

(2021) Thomas Kruse et al.   Nature Communications

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein forms condensates with viral genomic RNA

(2021) Amanda Jack et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein binds host mRNAs and attenuates stress granules to impair host stress response

(2021) Syed Nabeel-Shah et al.   iScience

Biomolecular Phase Separation: From Molecular Driving Forces to Macroscopic Properties

(2020) Gregory L. Dignon et al.   Annual Review of Physical Chemistry

The Architecture of SARS-CoV-2 Transcriptome

(2020) Dongwan Kim et al.   CELL

Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19

(2020) Daniel Blanco-Melo et al.   CELL

Type I and Type III Interferons – Induction, Signaling, Evasion, and Application to Combat COVID-19

(2020) Annsea Park et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing

(2020) David E. Gordon et al.   NATURE

Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites

(2020) Sisi Kang et al.   Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

The Global Phosphorylation Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

(2020) Mehdi Bouhaddou et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Orf9b suppresses type I interferon responses by targeting TOM70

(2020) He-wei Jiang et al.   Cellular & Molecular Immunology

A proposed role for the SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein in the formation and regulation of biomolecular condensates

(2020) Sean M. Cascarina et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Growth factor receptor signaling inhibition prevents SARS-CoV-2 replication

(2020) Kevin Klann et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Papain-like protease regulates SARS-CoV-2 viral spread and innate immunity

(2020) Donghyuk Shin et al.   NATURE

RNA contributions to the form and function of biomolecular condensates

(2020) Christine Roden et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Architecture and self‐assembly of the SARS‐CoV ‐2 nucleocapsid protein

(2020) Qiaozhen Ye et al.   PROTEIN SCIENCE

Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Matthias Thoms et al.   SCIENCE

Activation and evasion of type I interferon responses by SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Xiaobo Lei et al.   Nature Communications

Characterisation of the transcriptome and proteome of SARS-CoV-2 reveals a cell passage induced in-frame deletion of the furin-like cleavage site from the spike glycoprotein

(2020) Andrew D. Davidson et al.   Genome Medicine

Interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the type I interferon response

(2020) Margarida Sa Ribero et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Multiple Forms of Multifunctional Proteins in Health and Disease

(2020) Adriana Espinosa-Cantú et al.   Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Disrupts Splicing, Translation, and Protein Trafficking to Suppress Host Defenses

(2020) Abhik K. Banerjee et al.   CELL

Molecular Architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus

(2020) Hangping Yao et al.   CELL

Liquid–liquid phase separation by SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and RNA

(2020) Hui Chen et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Structures of the SARS ‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid and their perspectives for drug design

(2020) Ya Peng et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

The COVID-19 Pandemic and the $16 Trillion Virus

(2020) David M. Cutler et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Evasion of Type I Interferon by SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Hongjie Xia et al.   Cell Reports

SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein phase‐separates with RNA and with human hnRNPs

(2020) Theodora Myrto Perdikari et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Phosphoregulation of Phase Separation by the SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Suggests a Biophysical Basis for its Dual Functions

(2020) Christopher R. Carlson et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Genomic RNA Elements Drive Phase Separation of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid

(2020) Christiane Iserman et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 phase separates into RNA-rich polymerase-containing condensates

(2020) Adriana Savastano et al.   Nature Communications

SARS-CoV-2 structure and replication characterized by in situ cryo-electron tomography

(2020) Steffen Klein et al.   Nature Communications

Immune suppression in the early stage of COVID-19 disease

(2020) Wenmin Tian et al.   Nature Communications

Considerations and Challenges in Studying Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Biomolecular Condensates

(2019) Simon Alberti et al.   CELL

Coronavirus genomic RNA packaging

(2019) Paul S. Masters   VIROLOGY

Strategies for Success. Viral Infections and Membraneless Organelles

(2019) Aracelly Gaete-Argel et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

A User’s Guide for Phase Separation Assays with Purified Proteins

(2018) Simon Alberti et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

RNA self-assembly contributes to stress granule formation and defining the stress granule transcriptome

(2018) Briana Van Treeck et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Protein Phase Separation: A New Phase in Cell Biology

(2018) Steven Boeynaems et al.   TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY

Who's In and Who's Out—Compositional Control of Biomolecular Condensates

(2018) Jonathon A. Ditlev et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biomolecular condensates: organizers of cellular biochemistry

(2017) Salman F. Banani et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Prion-like domains as epigenetic regulators, scaffolds for subcellular organization, and drivers of neurodegenerative disease

(2016) Zachary M. March et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Phase Separation by Low Complexity Domains Promotes Stress Granule Assembly and Drives Pathological Fibrillization

(2015) Amandine Molliex et al.   CELL

A Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition of the ALS Protein FUS Accelerated by Disease Mutation

(2015) Avinash Patel et al.   CELL

Formation and Maturation of Phase-Separated Liquid Droplets by RNA-Binding Proteins

(2015) Yuan Lin et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Biology

(2014) Anthony A. Hyman et al.   Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

The SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein – Forms and functions

(2014) Chung-ke Chang et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Prion-like Polymerization Underlies Signal Transduction in Antiviral Immune Defense and Inflammasome Activation

(2014) Xin Cai et al.   CELL

MAVS Forms Functional Prion-like Aggregates to Activate and Propagate Antiviral Innate Immune Response

(2011) Fajian Hou et al.   CELL

Multiple Nucleic Acid Binding Sites and Intrinsic Disorder of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein: Implications for Ribonucleocapsid Protein Packaging

(2008) C.-K. Chang et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY