Organ-on-a-chip engineering: Toward bridging the gap between lab and industry

Duodenum Intestine-Chip for preclinical drug assessment in a human relevant model

(2020) Magdalena Kasendra et al.   eLife

Isolinderalactone suppresses human glioblastoma growth and angiogenic activity in 3D microfluidic chip and in vivo mouse models

(2020) Jung Hwa Park et al.   CANCER LETTERS

Reconstructed human skin shows epidermal invagination towards integrated neopapillae indicating early hair follicle formation in vitro

(2020) Irit Vahav et al.   Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Three-dimensional brain-on-chip model using human iPSC-derived GABAergic neurons and astrocytes: Butyrylcholinesterase post-treatment for acute malathion exposure

(2020) Lumei Liu et al.   PLoS One

Human multi-organ chip co-culture of bronchial lung culture and liver spheroids for substance exposure studies

(2020) Katharina Schimek et al.   Scientific Reports

From Petri Dishes to Organ on Chip Platform: The Increasing Importance of Machine Learning and Image Analysis

(2019) Arianna Mencattini et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Preparation and Characterization of Transparent Polyimide–Silica Composite Films Using Polyimide with Carboxylic Acid Groups

(2019) Kwan Moon et al.   Polymers

Renal reabsorption in 3D vascularized proximal tubule models

(2019) Neil Y. C. Lin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Implantable Vascularized Liver Chip for Cross‐Validation of Disease Treatment with Animal Model

(2019) Jung Bok Lee et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Multivascular networks and functional intravascular topologies within biocompatible hydrogels

(2019) Bagrat Grigoryan et al.   SCIENCE

Colorectal tumor-on-a-chip system: A 3D tool for precision onco-nanomedicine

(2019) M. R. Carvalho et al.   Science Advances

Make it simple: long-term stable gradient generation in a microfluidic microdevice

(2019) Sam Parittotokkaporn et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

Bone-chip system to monitor osteogenic differentiation using optical imaging

(2019) Dmitriy Sheyn et al.   Microfluidics and Nanofluidics

Hypoxia-enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Chip recapitulates human barrier function and shuttling of drugs and antibodies

(2019) Tae-Eun Park et al.   Nature Communications

A Layer-by-Layer Single-Cell Coating Technique To Produce Injectable Beating Mini Heart Tissues via Microfluidics

(2019) Luis P. B. Guerzoni et al.   BIOMACROMOLECULES

Interstitial Flow Recapitulates Gemcitabine Chemoresistance in A 3D Microfluidic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Model by Induction of Multidrug Resistance Proteins

(2019) Bart Kramer et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Functional 3D Printing for Microfluidic Chips

(2019) Gregor Weisgrab et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

Development of a Gut-on-a-Chip Model for High Throughput Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery

(2019) Claudia Beaurivage et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

A glomerulus-on-a-chip to recapitulate the human glomerular filtration barrier

(2019) Astgik Petrosyan et al.   Nature Communications

Biocompatibility of Polyimides: A Mini-Review

(2019) Catalin P. Constantin et al.   Materials

Methods of Delivering Mechanical Stimuli to Organ-on-a-Chip

(2019) Kaarj et al.   Micromachines

Standardized and Scalable Assay to Study Perfused 3D Angiogenic Sprouting of iPSC-derived Endothelial Cells In Vitro

(2019) Vincent van Duinen et al.   Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments

Microengineered Bioartificial Liver Chip for Drug Toxicity Screening

(2018) Bahman Delalat et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

3D self-organized microvascular model of the human blood-brain barrier with endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes

(2018) Marco Campisi et al.   BIOMATERIALS

Incorporating mechanical strain in organs-on-a-chip: Lung and skin

(2018) Olivier T. Guenat et al.   Biomicrofluidics

Organs-on-a-Chip: A Fast Track for Engineered Human Tissues in Drug Development

(2018) Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Developmentally inspired human ‘organs on chips’

(2018) Donald E. Ingber   DEVELOPMENT

A Three-Dimensional Arrayed Microfluidic Blood–Brain Barrier Model With Integrated Electrical Sensor Array

(2018) Sehoon Jeong et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Development of 3D skin-equivalent in a pump-less microfluidic chip

(2018) Hyun Jeong Song et al.   JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

A multi-throughput multi-organ-on-a-chip system on a plate formatted pneumatic pressure-driven medium circulation platform

(2018) T. Satoh et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Full-thickness human skin-on-chip with enhanced epidermal morphogenesis and barrier function

(2018) Gopu Sriram et al.   Materials Today

Human bone perivascular niche-on-a-chip for studying metastatic colonization

(2018) Alessandro Marturano-Kruik et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A Spontaneous 3D Bone-On-a-Chip for Bone Metastasis Study of Breast Cancer Cells

(2018) Sijie Hao et al.   Small

3D microfluidic liver cultures as a physiological preclinical tool for hepatitis B virus infection

(2018) A. M. Ortega-Prieto et al.   Nature Communications

Cost-effective rapid prototyping and assembly of poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic devices

(2018) Carlos Matellan et al.   Scientific Reports

Toward Immunocompetent 3D Skin Models

(2018) Aleta Pupovac et al.   Advanced Healthcare Materials

Mechanical Forces in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Emerging Therapies to Minimize Scar Formation

(2018) Leandra A. Barnes et al.   Advances in Wound Care

Perfused 3D angiogenic sprouting in a high-throughput in vitro platform

(2018) V. van Duinen et al.   ANGIOGENESIS

Pulmonary Tissue Engineering using Dual-Compartment Polymer Scaffolds with Integrated Vascular Tree

(2018) Clemens S. Fritsche et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL ORGANS

Engineering cell heterogeneity into organs-on-a-chip

(2018) David R. Mertz et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Development of a primary human Small Intestine-on-a-Chip using biopsy-derived organoids

(2018) Magdalena Kasendra et al.   Scientific Reports

Advances in organ-on-a-chip engineering

(2018) Boyang Zhang et al.   Nature Reviews Materials

Roles of the immune system in cancer: from tumor initiation to metastatic progression

(2018) Hugo Gonzalez et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

Intestinal barrier dysfunction orchestrates the onset of inflammatory host–microbiome cross-talk in a human gut inflammation-on-a-chip

(2018) Woojung Shin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Navigating tissue chips from development to dissemination: A pharmaceutical industry perspective

(2017) Lorna Ewart et al.   EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Multi-functional scaling methodology for translational pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic applications using integrated microphysiological systems (MPS)

(2017) Christian Maass et al.   Integrative Biology

Fabrication of a pumpless, microfluidic skin chip from different collagen sources

(2017) Hyun Jeong Song et al.   JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

Tumour-on-a-chip: microfluidic models of tumour morphology, growth and microenvironment

(2017) Hsieh-Fu Tsai et al.   Journal of the Royal Society Interface

Multi-chamber microfluidic platform for high-precision skin permeation testing

(2017) M. Alberti et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Simultaneous electrical recording of cardiac electrophysiology and contraction on chip

(2017) Fang Qian et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

WAT-on-a-chip: a physiologically relevant microfluidic system incorporating white adipose tissue

(2017) Peter Loskill et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Multisensor-integrated organs-on-chips platform for automated and continual in situ monitoring of organoid behaviors

(2017) Yu Shrike Zhang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Architecture in 3D cell culture: An essential feature for in vitro toxicology

(2017) Sophie A. Lelièvre et al.   TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO

Functional Coupling of Human Microphysiology Systems: Intestine, Liver, Kidney Proximal Tubule, Blood-Brain Barrier and Skeletal Muscle

(2017) Lawrence Vernetti et al.   Scientific Reports

Cryogenic 3D Printing of Super Soft Hydrogels

(2017) Zhengchu Tan et al.   Scientific Reports

96 perfusable blood vessels to study vascular permeability in vitro

(2017) V. van Duinen et al.   Scientific Reports

Functional coupling of human pancreatic islets and liver spheroids on-a-chip: Towards a novel human ex vivo type 2 diabetes model

(2017) Sophie Bauer et al.   Scientific Reports

Characterization of tight junction disruption and immune response modulation in a miniaturized Caco-2/U937 coculture-based in vitro model of the human intestinal barrier

(2016) Qasem Ramadan et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

A novel mast cell co-culture microfluidic chip for the electrochemical evaluation of food allergen

(2016) Hui Jiang et al.   BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS

Organoid-on-a-chip and body-on-a-chip systems for drug screening and disease modeling

(2016) Aleksander Skardal et al.   DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY

An on-chip model for investigating the interaction between neurons and cancer cells

(2016) Yifeng Lei et al.   Integrative Biology

Tacky cyclic olefin copolymer: a biocompatible bonding technique for the fabrication of microfluidic channels in COC

(2016) Nico Keller et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Brain-on-a-chip model enables analysis of human neuronal differentiation and chemotaxis

(2016) Onur Kilic et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

In vitro micro-physiological immune-competent model of the human skin

(2016) Qasem Ramadan et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Bioprinted thrombosis-on-a-chip

(2016) Yu Shrike Zhang et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Safe and cost-effective rapid-prototyping of multilayer PMMA microfluidic devices

(2016) Antonio Liga et al.   Microfluidics and Nanofluidics

Real-time monitoring of metabolic function in liver-on-chip microdevices tracks the dynamics of mitochondrial dysfunction

(2016) Danny Bavli et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Bioprinting towards Physiologically Relevant Tissue Models for Pharmaceutics

(2016) Weijie Peng et al.   TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

4D Bioprinting for Biomedical Applications

(2016) Bin Gao et al.   TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Cellular Biomechanics in Drug Screening and Evaluation: Mechanopharmacology

(2016) Ramaswamy Krishnan et al.   TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES

In silicoregenerative medicine: how computational tools allow regulatory and financial challenges to be addressed in a volatile market

(2016) L. Geris et al.   Interface Focus

Human Skin Constructs with Spatially Controlled Vasculature Using Primary and iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells

(2016) Hasan E. Abaci et al.   Advanced Healthcare Materials

Filling the Gaps between the In Vivo and In Vitro Microenvironment: Engineering of Spheroids for Stem Cell Technology

(2016) Carmine Gentile   Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Assessing Concordance of Drug-Induced Transcriptional Response in Rodent Liver and Cultured Hepatocytes

(2016) Jeffrey J. Sutherland et al.   PLoS Computational Biology

Polymer Microfluidics: Simple, Low-Cost Fabrication Process Bridging Academic Lab Research to Commercialized Production

(2016) Chia-Wen Tsao   Micromachines

Multi-Organ toxicity demonstration in a functional human in vitro system composed of four organs

(2016) Carlota Oleaga et al.   Scientific Reports

In search of technology readiness level (TRL) 10

(2015) Jeremy Straub   AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Chip-based human liver–intestine and liver–skin co-cultures – A first step toward systemic repeated dose substance testing in vitro

(2015) Ilka Maschmeyer et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS

Emulating human microcapillaries in a multi-organ-chip platform

(2015) Tobias Hasenberg et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

A multi-organ chip co-culture of neurospheres and liver equivalents for long-term substance testing

(2015) Eva-Maria Materne et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

In vitro micro-physiological models for translational immunology

(2015) Qasem Ramadan et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

A four-organ-chip for interconnected long-term co-culture of human intestine, liver, skin and kidney equivalents

(2015) Ilka Maschmeyer et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Micromilling: a method for ultra-rapid prototyping of plastic microfluidic devices

(2015) David J. Guckenberger et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

A lung-on-a-chip array with an integrated bio-inspired respiration mechanism

(2015) Andreas O. Stucki et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Small airway-on-a-chip enables analysis of human lung inflammation and drug responses in vitro

(2015) Kambez H Benam et al.   NATURE METHODS

Correction for Jeon et al., Human 3D vascularized organotypic microfluidic assays to study breast cancer cell extravasation

(2015)   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Microfluidic Organ/Body-on-a-Chip Devices at the Convergence of Biology and Microengineering

(2015) Ana Perestrelo et al.   SENSORS

Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels

(2015) T. J. Hinton et al.   Science Advances

A polystyrene-based microfluidic device with three-dimensional interconnected microporous walls for perfusion cell culture

(2014) Chung Yu Chan et al.   Biomicrofluidics

Long-term microfluidic glucose and lactate monitoring in hepatic cell culture

(2014) Sebastian Prill et al.   Biomicrofluidics

The potential of microfluidic lung epithelial wounding: towards in vivo-like alveolar microinjuries

(2014) M. Felder et al.   Integrative Biology

Co-culture systems and technologies: taking synthetic biology to the next level

(2014) L. Goers et al.   Journal of the Royal Society Interface

Microfluidic organs-on-chips

(2014) Sangeeta N Bhatia et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Human 3D vascularized organotypic microfluidic assays to study breast cancer cell extravasation

(2014) Jessie S. Jeon et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Tissue-engineered kidney disease models

(2013) Teresa M. DesRochers et al.   ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS

Human kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip for drug transport and nephrotoxicity assessment

(2013) Kyung-Jin Jang et al.   Integrative Biology

Gut-on-a-Chip microenvironment induces human intestinal cells to undergo villus differentiation

(2013) Hyun Jung Kim et al.   Integrative Biology

Metabolic Characterization of Primary Rat Hepatocytes Cultivated in Parallel Microfluidic Biochips

(2013) Audrey Legendre et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Microfluidic heart on a chip for higher throughput pharmacological studies

(2013) Ashutosh Agarwal et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Pen microfluidics: rapid desktop manufacturing of sealed thermoplastic microchannels

(2013) Omid Rahmanian et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Liver-cell patterning Lab Chip: mimicking the morphology of liver lobule tissue

(2013) Chen-Ta Ho et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Microfabricated mammalian organ systems and their integration into models of whole animals and humans

(2013) Jong H. Sung et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Integrating biological vasculature into a multi-organ-chip microsystem

(2013) Katharina Schimek et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Skin and hair on-a-chip: in vitro skin models versus ex vivo tissue maintenance with dynamic perfusion

(2013) Beren Ataç et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases

(2013) Junhee Seok et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Engineering Parameters in Bioreactor’s Design: A Critical Aspect in Tissue Engineering

(2013) Nasim Salehi-Nik et al.   Biomed Research International

Inflammation: Mechanisms, Costs, and Natural Variation

(2012) Noah T. Ashley et al.   Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics

A 3-D organoid kidney culture model engineered for high-throughput nephrotoxicity assays

(2012) Anna I. Astashkina et al.   BIOMATERIALS

On chip porous polymer membranes for integration of gastrointestinal tract epithelium with microfluidic ‘body-on-a-chip’ devices

(2012) Mandy Brigitte Esch et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

BBB ON CHIP: microfluidic platform to mechanically and biochemically modulate blood-brain barrier function

(2012) L. M. Griep et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

Cocoa polyphenols are absorbed in Caco-2 cell model of intestinal epithelium

(2012) Agnieszka Kosińska et al.   FOOD CHEMISTRY

Formation of one-way-structured cultured neuronal networks in microfluidic devices combining with micropatterning techniques

(2012) Yuzo Takayama et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING

Characterization of a microfluidic in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (μBBB)

(2012) Ross Booth et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Human gut-on-a-chip inhabited by microbial flora that experiences intestinal peristalsis-like motions and flow

(2012) Hyun Jung Kim et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

NutriChip: nutrition analysis meets microfluidics

(2012) Qasem Ramadan et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

A critical evaluation of in vitro cell culture models for high-throughput drug screening and toxicity

(2012) Anna Astashkina et al.   PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Chip-Based Comparison of the Osteogenesis of Human Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Mechanical Stimulation

(2012) Sang-Hyug Park et al.   PLoS One

In vitro microvessels for the study of angiogenesis and thrombosis

(2012) Y. Zheng et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Three-dimensional microfluidic model for tumor cell intravasation and endothelial barrier function

(2012) I. K. Zervantonakis et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A Human Disease Model of Drug Toxicity–Induced Pulmonary Edema in a Lung-on-a-Chip Microdevice

(2012) Dongeun Huh et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Epithelium damage and protection during reopening of occluded airways in a physiologic microfluidic pulmonary airway model

(2011) Hossein Tavana et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

Microfluidic devices for studying heterotypic cell-cell interactions and tissue specimen cultures under controlled microenvironments

(2011) Ioannis K. Zervantonakis et al.   Biomicrofluidics

Inhibition of tumor cell migration and metastasis by the proton-sensing GPR4 receptor

(2011) Reid D. Castellone et al.   CANCER LETTERS

Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

(2011) Douglas Hanahan et al.   CELL

Cell communication networks in cancer invasion

(2011) Fernando Calvo et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY

Fabrication of polystyrene microfluidic devices using a pulsed CO2 laser system

(2011) Huawei Li et al.   MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS

Building a Tiered Approach to In Vitro Predictive Toxicity Screening: A Focus on Assays with In Vivo Relevance

(2010) James McKim Jr.   COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING

Design and Application of Microfluidic Systems for In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Drug Candidates

(2010) T. Maguire et al.   CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM

Patterning osteogenesis by inducible gene expression in microfluidic culture systems

(2010) Yue Zhang et al.   Integrative Biology

Design and prototyping of a chip-based multi-micro-organoid culture system for substance testing, predictive to human (substance) exposure

(2010) Frank Sonntag et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

On-chip epithelial barrier function assays using electrical impedance spectroscopy

(2010) Tao Sun et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Cyclic olefin polymers: emerging materials for lab-on-a-chip applications

(2010) Pedro S. Nunes et al.   Microfluidics and Nanofluidics

Reconstituting Organ-Level Lung Functions on a Chip

(2010) D. Huh et al.   SCIENCE

Evaluation of a microfluidic based cell culture platform with primary human hepatocytes for the prediction of hepatic clearance in human

(2009) P. Chao et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

A microfluidic hepatic coculture platform for cell-based drug metabolism studies

(2009) Eric Novik et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Infection on a chip: a microscale platform for simple and sensitive cell-based virus assays

(2009) Ying Zhu et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

Integrated microfluidic devices for combinatorial cell-based assays

(2009) Zeta Tak For Yu et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

Characterization of a gastrointestinal tract microscale cell culture analog used to predict drug toxicity

(2009) Gretchen J. Mahler et al.   BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING

Cell polarity triggered by cell-cell adhesion via E-cadherin

(2009) R. A. Desai et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

Engineering microscale cellular niches for three-dimensional multicellular co-cultures

(2009) Carlos P. Huang et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

A multi-layer microfluidic device for efficient culture and analysis of renal tubular cells

(2009) Kyung-Jin Jang et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche

(2009) Toshiro Sato et al.   NATURE

A microfluidic chip with poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel microarray on nanoporous alumina membrane for cell patterning and drug testing

(2009) Zong-Bin Liu et al.   SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL

Laser-based techniques for living cell pattern formation

(2008) Béla Hopp et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING

In vitro analysis of a hepatic device with intrinsic microvascular-based channels

(2008) Amedeo Carraro et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

A novel system for evaluation of drug mixtures for potential efficacy in treating multidrug resistant cancers

(2008) Daniel A. Tatosian et al.   BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING

Directional control of cell motility through focal adhesion positioning and spatial control of Rac activation

(2008) Nan Xia et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Determining the optimal PDMS–PDMS bonding technique for microfluidic devices

(2008) Mark A Eddings et al.   JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING

The Design and Fabrication of Three-Chamber Microscale Cell Culture Analog Devices with Integrated Dissolved Oxygen Sensors

(2004) Aaron Sin et al.   BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS