The kynurenine pathway: a finger in every pie

Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Activity in Human Primary Neurons and Effect on Cellular Bioenergetics Identifies New Neurotoxic Mechanisms

(2019) Gloria Castellano-Gonzalez et al.   NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH

Exercise and the Prevention of Depression: Results of the HUNT Cohort Study

(2018) Samuel B. Harvey et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY

Replicable and Coupled Changes in Innate and Adaptive Immune Gene Expression in Two Case-Control Studies of Blood Microarrays in Major Depressive Disorder

(2018) Gwenaël G.R. Leday et al.   BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY

Kynurenic acid is reduced in females and oral contraceptive users: Implications for depression

(2018) Timothy B. Meier et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Kynurenic Acid and Gpr35 Regulate Adipose Tissue Energy Homeostasis and Inflammation

(2018) Leandro Z. Agudelo et al.   Cell Metabolism

Association of Tryptophan Metabolites with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the PREDIMED Trial: A Case-Cohort Study

(2018) Edward Yu et al.   CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

Kynurenine pathway metabolism and the neurobiology of treatment-resistant depression: Comparison of multiple ketamine infusions and electroconvulsive therapy

(2018) A.P. Allen et al.   JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH

Hypothesis kynurenic and quinolinic acids: The main players of the kynurenine pathway and opponents in inflammatory disease

(2018) Abdulla A.-B. Badawy   MEDICAL HYPOTHESES

Leucine competes with kynurenine for blood-to-brain transport and prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice

(2018) Adam K. Walker et al.   MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY

Depression and obesity: evidence of shared biological mechanisms

(2018) Yuri Milaneschi et al.   MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY

Genetic deficiency of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes gut microbiota-mediated metabolic health

(2018) Ludivine Laurans et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Salivary kynurenic acid response to psychological stress: inverse relationship to cortical glutamate in schizophrenia

(2018) Joshua Chiappelli et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Acute and chronic effects of exercise on the kynurenine pathway in humans – A brief review and future perspectives

(2018) Alan J. Metcalfe et al.   PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR

Reduced immunity to measles in adults with major depressive disorder

(2018) Bart N. Ford et al.   PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE

Altered tryptophan catabolite concentrations in major depressive disorder and associated changes in hippocampal subfield volumes

(2018) Kelly Doolin et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Kynurenine pathway metabolic balance influences microglia activity: Targeting kynurenine monooxygenase to dampen neuroinflammation

(2018) Allison M. Garrison et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Treatment of bipolar depression with minocycline and/or aspirin: an adaptive, 2×2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase IIA clinical trial

(2018) Jonathan B. Savitz et al.   Translational Psychiatry

Kynurenic Acid: The Janus-Faced Role of an Immunomodulatory Tryptophan Metabolite and Its Link to Pathological Conditions

(2018) Elisa Wirthgen et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Sex Hormones Regulate Innate Immune Cells and Promote Sex Differences in Respiratory Virus Infection

(2018) Sapana Kadel et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Antidepressant effect of repeated ketamine administration on kynurenine pathway metabolites in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression

(2018) Yanling Zhou et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

The weight of nutrients: kynurenine metabolites in obesity and exercise

(2018) S. Dadvar et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Plasma metabolomic profiling of a ketamine and placebo crossover trial of major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects

(2018) Ruin Moaddel et al.   PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

A new generation of antidepressants: an update on the pharmaceutical pipeline for novel and rapid-acting therapeutics in mood disorders based on glutamate/GABA neurotransmitter systems

(2018) Samuel T. Wilkinson et al.   DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY

Metabolic regulation of macrophage phenotype and function

(2017) Shilpi Saha et al.   IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Genetic variants of the kynurenine-3-monooxygenase and postpartum depressive symptoms after cesarean section in Chinese women

(2017) Sai-Ying Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

Novel Blood-Based Biomarkers of Cognition, Stress, and Physical or Cognitive Training in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia: Preliminary Evidence for a Role of BDNF, Irisin, and the Kynurenine Pathway

(2017) Olivia C. Küster et al.   JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

Tryptophan availability for kynurenine pathway metabolism across the life span: Control mechanisms and focus on aging, exercise, diet and nutritional supplements

(2017) Abdulla A-B. Badawy   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

(2017) Chai K. Lim et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

Tryptophan breakdown and cognition in bipolar disorder

(2017) Martina Platzer et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Kynurenic Acid in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

(2017) Eric Plitman et al.   SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN

Kynurenines: Tryptophan’s metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health

(2017) Igor Cervenka et al.   SCIENCE

Is the Enzyme ACMSD a Novel Therapeutic Target in Parkinson’s Disease?

(2017) Keerthi Thirtamara-Rajamani et al.   Journal of Parkinsons Disease

Serum kynurenic acid is reduced in affective psychosis

(2017) B E Wurfel et al.   Translational Psychiatry

Increased breakdown of kynurenine towards its neurotoxic branch in bipolar disorder

(2017) Armin Birner et al.   PLoS One

Inhibition of human kynurenine aminotransferase isozymes by estrogen and its derivatives

(2017) Gayan S. Jayawickrama et al.   Scientific Reports

Abnormalities in High-Energy Phosphate Metabolism in First-Episode Bipolar Disorder Measured Using 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

(2017) Fei Du et al.   BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY

Endurance exercise increases skeletal muscle kynurenine aminotransferases and plasma kynurenic acid in humans

(2016) Maja Schlittler et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY

Microglial Activity in People at Ultra High Risk of Psychosis and in Schizophrenia: An [11C]PBR28 PET Brain Imaging Study

(2016) Peter S. Bloomfield et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY

Kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with hippocampal activity during autobiographical memory recall in patients with depression

(2016) Kymberly D. Young et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Relationship between neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites and reductions in right medial prefrontal cortical thickness in major depressive disorder

(2016) Timothy B. Meier et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

The end of the road for the tryptophan depletion concept in pregnancy and infection

(2016) A. A.- B. Badawy et al.   CLINICAL SCIENCE

Direct effects of exercise on kynurenine metabolism in people with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes

(2016) Jonathan M. Mudry et al.   DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS

Kynurenine pathway and white matter microstructure in bipolar disorder

(2016) Sara Poletti et al.   EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE

Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: Genes, steroids, cytokines and neurogenesis – What do we need to know?

(2016) Joe Herbert et al.   FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Tryptophan pathway alterations in the postpartum period and in acute postpartum psychosis and depression

(2016) Cato Veen et al.   JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

Electroconvulsive therapy suppresses the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant depressed patients

(2016) Lilly Schwieler et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Kynurenine metabolic balance is disrupted in the hippocampus following peripheral lipopolysaccharide challenge

(2016) Jennifer M. Parrott et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Smaller Dentate Gyrus and CA2 and CA3 Volumes Are Associated with Kynurenine Metabolites in Collegiate Football Athletes

(2016) Timothy B. Meier et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA

Combined Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and high blood kynurenine – Linked with nonfatal suicidal self-directed violence in patients with schizophrenia

(2016) Olaoluwa Okusaga et al.   JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH

The Mitochondrial Basis of Aging

(2016) Nuo Sun et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Pharmacological kynurenine 3-monooxygenase enzyme inhibition significantly reduces neuropathic pain in a rat model

(2016) Ewelina Rojewska et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Role of Inflammation in Suicide: From Mechanisms to Treatment

(2016) Lena Brundin et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Role of Adiposity-Driven Inflammation in Depressive Morbidity

(2016) Lucile Capuron et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Quinolinic acid injection in mouse medial prefrontal cortex affects reversal learning abilities, cortical connectivity and hippocampal synaptic plasticity

(2016) Amira Latif-Hernandez et al.   Scientific Reports

Virus Infections Incite Pain Hypersensitivity by Inducing Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase

(2016) Lei Huang et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Neuropathology of mood disorders: do we see the stigmata of inflammation?

(2016) N Mechawar et al.   Translational Psychiatry

An enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that governs vulnerability to suicidal behavior by regulating excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation

(2016) L Brundin et al.   Translational Psychiatry

Neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism is increased in the dorsal hippocampus and drives distinct depressive behaviors during inflammation

(2016) J M Parrott et al.   Translational Psychiatry

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism mediates inflammation-induced deficit in recognition memory

(2015) Jillian M. Heisler et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

The impact of electroconvulsive therapy on the tryptophan–kynurenine metabolic pathway

(2015) Sinan Guloksuz et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

A role for inflammatory metabolites as modulators of the glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in depression and suicidality

(2015) Cecilie Bay-Richter et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Reduction of kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid ratio in both the depressed and remitted phases of major depressive disorder

(2015) Jonathan Savitz et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Kynurenic Acid Is a Nutritional Cue that Enables Behavioral Plasticity

(2015) George A. Lemieux et al.   CELL

Molecular Signatures of Major Depression

(2015) Na Cai et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

New insights into PGC-1 coactivators: redefining their role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and beyond

(2015) Josep A. Villena   FEBS Journal

Glutamate and dopamine in schizophrenia: An update for the 21st century

(2015) Oliver Howes et al.   JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Depression and subsequent risk of Parkinson disease: A nationwide cohort study

(2015) H. Gustafsson et al.   NEUROLOGY

Altered hippocampal plasticity by prenatal kynurenine administration, kynurenine-3-monoxygenase (KMO) deletion or galantamine

(2015) C.M. Forrest et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

The kynurenine pathway is activated in human obesity and shifted toward kynurenine monooxygenase activation

(2015) Marie Favennec et al.   Obesity

The role of the kynurenine pathway in suicidality in adolescent major depressive disorder

(2015) Kailyn A.L. Bradley et al.   PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH

Neuroprotective kynurenine metabolite indices are abnormally reduced and positively associated with hippocampal and amygdalar volume in bipolar disorder

(2015) Jonathan Savitz et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

The kynurenine pathway and neurodegenerative disease

(2015) Daniel C. Maddison et al.   SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Role of Translocator Protein Density, a Marker of Neuroinflammation, in the Brain During Major Depressive Episodes

(2015) Elaine Setiawan et al.   JAMA Psychiatry

Targeting the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway in cancer

(2015) Yong Wha Moon et al.   Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

Expression of the Kynurenine Pathway in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Implications for Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disease

(2015) Simon P. Jones et al.   PLoS One

Quinolinic Acid Responses during Interferon-α-Induced Depressive Symptomatology in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection - A Novel Aspect for Depression and Inflammatory Hypothesis

(2015) Andreas Baranyi et al.   PLoS One

Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α1 Modulates Kynurenine Metabolism and Mediates Resilience to Stress-Induced Depression

(2014) Leandro Z. Agudelo et al.   CELL

Exercise as an add-on strategy for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review

(2014) Gioia Mura et al.   CNS SPECTRUMS

IDO2 is critical for IDO1-mediated T-cell regulation and exerts a non-redundant function in inflammation

(2014) Richard Metz et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY

Putative Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites Are Associated with Hippocampal and Amygdalar Volumes in Subjects with Major Depressive Disorder

(2014) Jonathan Savitz et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Relationships Among Depression, Chronic Pain, Chronic Disabling Pain, and Medical Costs

(2014) Bruce A. Arnow et al.   PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES

Influence of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) gene polymorphism on cognitive function in schizophrenia

(2014) Ikwunga Wonodi et al.   SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH

The Warburg effect then and now: From cancer to inflammatory diseases

(2013) Eva M. Palsson-McDermott et al.   BIOESSAYS

Varicella Zoster Virus-Specific Immune Responses to a Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Elderly Recipients With Major Depression and the Impact of Antidepressant Medications

(2013) M. R. Irwin et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Modulation of the inflammatory response in rats chronically treated with the antidepressant agomelatine

(2013) Raffaella Molteni et al.   EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Implication of indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase in the tolerance toward fetuses, tumors, and allografts

(2013) Sophie Dürr et al.   JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY

Insulin Resistance and Dysregulation of Tryptophan–Kynurenine and Kynurenine–Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Metabolic Pathways

(2013) Gregory Oxenkrug   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

The KMO allele encoding Arg452 is associated with psychotic features in bipolar disorder type 1 and with increased CSF KYNA level and reduced KMO expression

(2013) C Lavebratt et al.   MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY

Connecting inflammation with glutamate agonism in suicidality

(2013) Sophie Erhardt et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Conceptual Confluence: The Kynurenine Pathway as a Common Target for Ketamine and the Convergence of the Inflammation and Glutamate Hypotheses of Depression

(2013) Andrew H Miller   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

NMDA Receptor Blockade by Ketamine Abrogates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior in C57BL/6J Mice

(2013) Adam K Walker et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

The kynurenine pathway: A missing piece in the puzzle of valproate action?

(2013) P. Maciejak et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Inflammation and Schizophrenia

(2013) B. Kirkpatrick et al.   SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN

Depression and type 2 diabetes: a causal association?

(2013) Adam G Tabák et al.   Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

Activation of microglial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors triggers inflammation and neuronal cell death in the developing and mature brain

(2012) Angela M. Kaindl et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid is associated with manic and psychotic features in patients with bipolar I disorder

(2012) Sara K Olsson et al.   BIPOLAR DISORDERS

Inflammation and neurological disease-related genes are differentially expressed in depressed patients with mood disorders and correlate with morphometric and functional imaging abnormalities

(2012) Jonathan Savitz et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Quinolinic acid, the inescapable neurotoxin

(2012) Gilles J. Guillemin   FEBS Journal

Brain indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase contributes to the comorbidity of pain and depression

(2012) Hyangin Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Studies on Tissue and Cellular Distribution of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 2

(2012) Masakazu Fukunaga et al.   JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY

Kynurenines in the CNS: recent advances and new questions

(2012) László Vécsei et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology meets pathology

(2012) Robert Schwarcz et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Minocycline and aspirin in the treatment of bipolar depression: a protocol for a proof-of-concept, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2×2 clinical trial

(2012) Jonathan Savitz et al.   BMJ Open

Reversal of imbalance between kynurenic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine by antipsychotics in medication-naïve and medication-free schizophrenic patients

(2011) A.M. Myint et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Inhibition in Blood Ameliorates Neurodegeneration

(2011) Daniel Zwilling et al.   CELL

The Kynurenine Pathway Modulates Neurodegeneration in a Drosophila Model of Huntington's Disease

(2011) Susanna Campesan et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Severe depression is associated with increased microglial quinolinic acid in subregions of the anterior cingulate gyrus: Evidence for an immune-modulated glutamatergic neurotransmission?

(2011) Johann Steiner et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

An endogenous tumour-promoting ligand of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor

(2011) Christiane A. Opitz et al.   NATURE

Fluctuations in Endogenous Kynurenic Acid Control Hippocampal Glutamate and Memory

(2011) Ana Pocivavsek et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Interleukin-1β: A New Regulator of the Kynurenine Pathway Affecting Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis

(2011) Patricia A Zunszain et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Acute elevations of brain kynurenic acid impair cognitive flexibility: normalization by the alpha7 positive modulator galantamine

(2011) Kathleen S. Alexander et al.   PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Inflammation and social experience: An inflammatory challenge induces feelings of social disconnection in addition to depressed mood

(2010) Naomi I. Eisenberger et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with de novo major depression

(2010) Julie A. Pasco et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY

Reduction of Endogenous Kynurenic Acid Formation Enhances Extracellular Glutamate, Hippocampal Plasticity and Cognitive Behavior

(2010) Michelle C Potter et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Sex Differences in the Brain, Behavior, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

(2010) Ai-Min Bao et al.   NEUROSCIENTIST

Increased Levels of Kynurenine and Kynurenic Acid in the CSF of Patients With Schizophrenia

(2010) K. R. Linderholm et al.   SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN

Depression as a predictor of disease progression and mortality in cancer patients

(2009) Jillian R. Satin et al.   CANCER

Stronger inflammatory/cytotoxic T-cell response in women identified by microarray analysis

(2009) A Hewagama et al.   GENES AND IMMUNITY

The Immunoregulatory Enzyme IDO Paradoxically Drives B Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity

(2009) G. N. Scott et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

IDO Activates Regulatory T Cells and Blocks Their Conversion into Th17-Like T Cells

(2009) B. Baban et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Interferon-  and Tumor Necrosis Factor-  Mediate the Upregulation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and the Induction of Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice in Response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

(2009) J. C. O'Connor et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

CSF concentrations of brain tryptophan and kynurenines during immune stimulation with IFN-α: relationship to CNS immune responses and depression

(2009) C L Raison et al.   MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY

The Excitotoxin Quinolinic Acid Induces Tau Phosphorylation in Human Neurons

(2009) Abdur Rahman et al.   PLoS One

Associations of Depression With C-Reactive Protein, IL-1, and IL-6: A Meta-Analysis

(2009) M Bryant Howren et al.   PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is a key modulator of physiological neurogenesis and anxiety-related behavior in mice

(2009) Masaaki Kanai et al.   Molecular Brain

Induction of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase in rat brain following a systemic inflammatory challenge: A role for IFN-γ?

(2008) Thomas J. Connor et al.   NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS

Prolonged kynurenine 3-hydroxylase inhibition reduces development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys

(2007) L GREGOIRE et al.   BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH