The role of the indoles in microbiota-gut-brain axis and potential therapeutic targets: A focus on human neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases

Tryptophan metabolism in health and disease

(2023) Chen Xue et al.   Cell Metabolism

Gut Microbiota‐Derived Indole Derivatives Alleviate Neurodegeneration in Aging through Activating GPR30/AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway

(2023) Jia Yin et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

The gut-brain connection: Exploring the influence of the gut microbiota on neuroplasticity and neurodevelopmental disorders

(2023) Francesca Damiani et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Role of microbial dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

(2023) Gudimetla Susmitha et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Tryptophan intake, not always the more the better

(2023) Dongmei Hu et al.   Frontiers in Nutrition

Dual effects of the tryptophan-derived bacterial metabolite indole on colonic epithelial cell metabolism and physiology: comparison with its co-metabolite indoxyl sulfate

(2022) Lucie Armand et al.   AMINO ACIDS

Genetic manipulation of gut microbes enables single-gene interrogation in a complex microbiome

(2022) Wen-Bing Jin et al.   CELL

Association between the indole pathway of tryptophan metabolism and subclinical depressive symptoms in obesity: a preliminary study

(2022) Inês Delgado et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY

Gut Flora Mediates the Rapid Tolerance of Electroacupuncture on Ischemic Stroke by Activating Melatonin Receptor through Regulating Indole-3-Propionic Acid

(2022) Shan Li et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE

The Gut Microbiome in Depression and Potential Benefit of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Observational Studies

(2022) Sauliha R. Alli et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Identification of antimicrobial peptides from the human gut microbiome using deep learning

(2022) Yue Ma et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Alteration of Gut Microbial Metabolites in the Systemic Circulation of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

(2022) Szu-Ju Chen et al.   Journal of Parkinsons Disease

Sepsis-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Mediates the Susceptibility to Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy in Mice

(2022) Heng Fang et al.   mSystems

The role of mucins in gastrointestinal barrier function during health and disease

(2022) Tom Breugelmans et al.   Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Production of Indole and Indole-Related Compounds by the Intestinal Microbiota and Consequences for the Host: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

(2022) Naouel Tennoune et al.   Microorganisms

Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates ischemic brain injury in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model

(2022) Yu Xie et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Tryptophan-rich diet ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression- and anxiety-like behavior in mice: The potential involvement of gut-brain axis

(2022) Danna Wang et al.   FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

The gut metabolite indole-3 propionate promotes nerve regeneration and repair

(2022) Elisabeth Serger et al.   NATURE

Taxonomic and Metabolic Signatures of Gut Microbiota for Assessing the Severity of Depression and Anxiety in Major Depressive Disorder Patients

(2022) Xueli Zhang et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Homeostasis

(2022) Xiaomin Su et al.   Cells

Indole-3-Propionic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Sepsis-Induced Gut Microbiota Disturbance

(2022) Heng Fang et al.   Microbiology Spectrum

Microbiota-derived metabolite Indoles induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and inhibited neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice

(2022) Jing Sun et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Clinical significance and potential role of trimethylamine N-oxide in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders

(2022) Sowjanya Mudimela et al.   DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY

The intestinal barrier in disorders of the central nervous system

(2022) Carolina Pellegrini et al.   Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Plasma Metabolites Link Dietary Patterns to Stroke Risk

(2022) Varun M. Bhave et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Indole Acetic Acid Exerts Anti-Depressive Effects on an Animal Model of Chronic Mild Stress

(2022) Ying Chen et al.   Nutrients

Altered Gut Microbial Metabolites in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: Signals in Host–Microbe Interplay

(2021) Li Wu et al.   Nutrients

Synbiotics Alleviate the Gut Indole Load and Dysbiosis in Chronic Kidney Disease

(2021) Chih-Yu Yang et al.   Cells

Gut Microbiome Features of Chinese Patients Newly Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease or Mild Cognitive Impairment

(2021) Mingyan Guo et al.   JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

Hepatoprotective Effects of Indole, a Gut Microbial Metabolite, in Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice

(2021) Christelle Knudsen et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Ameliorative Effect of Dietary Tryptophan on Neurodegeneration and Inflammation in d-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice with the Potential Mechanism Relying on AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α Pathway and Gut Microbiota

(2021) Jia Yin et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Relation between Mood and the Host-Microbiome Co-Metabolite 3-Indoxylsulfate: Results from the Observational Prospective NutriNet-Santé Study

(2021) Catherine Philippe et al.   Microorganisms

Indoles as essential mediators in the gut-brain axis. Their role in Alzheimer's disease

(2021) Miguel A. Pappolla et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Tryptophan-metabolizing gut microbes regulate adult neurogenesis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

(2021) George Zhang Wei et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Bacterial neurotoxic metabolites in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid and plasma

(2021) Achilles Ntranos et al.   BRAIN

Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 attenuates major depression disorder via regulating gut microbiome and tryptophan metabolism: A randomized clinical trial

(2021) Peijun Tian et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Indole-3-propionic acid mitigates chlorpyrifos-mediated neurotoxicity by modulating cholinergic and redox-regulatory systems, inflammatory stress, apoptotic responses and DNA damage in rats

(2021) Solomon E. Owumi et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Discovery of a Metabolic Signature Predisposing High Risk Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment to Converting to Alzheimer’s Disease

(2021) Yi-Long Huang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Microbiota-brain interactions: Moving toward mechanisms in model organisms

(2021) Jatin Nagpal et al.   NEURON

Indoxyl sulfate, a gut microbiome-derived uremic toxin, is associated with psychic anxiety and its functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurologic signature

(2021) Christopher R. Brydges et al.   Scientific Reports

Chemical Mechanisms of Colonization Resistance by the Gut Microbial Metabolome

(2020) Pamela V. Chang   ACS Chemical Biology

Oxidative Stress and Dementia in Alzheimer’s Patients: Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation

(2020) Alyne Mendonça Marques Ton et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Gut microbiota mediates intermittent-fasting alleviation of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment

(2020) Zhigang Liu et al.   Nature Communications

Host and Microbial Tryptophan Metabolic Profiling in Multiple Sclerosis

(2020) Lorenzo Gaetani et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Promote Post-Stroke Recovery in Aged Mice

(2020) Juneyoung Lee et al.   CIRCULATION RESEARCH

The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) as a Potential Target for the Control of Intestinal Inflammation: Insights from an Immune and Bacteria Sensor Receptor

(2020) Larissa Pernomian et al.   CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY

Gut Microbial Catabolites of Tryptophan Are Ligands and Agonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Detailed Characterization

(2020) Barbora Vyhlídalová et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Human gut microbiome composition and tryptophan metabolites were changed differently by fast food and Mediterranean diet in 4 days: a pilot study

(2020) Chenghao Zhu et al.   NUTRITION RESEARCH

Indoxyl Sulfate, a Uremic Endotheliotoxin

(2020) Guillaume Lano et al.   Toxins

Potential Effects of Indole-3-Lactic Acid, a Metabolite of Human Bifidobacteria, on NGF-Induced Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells

(2020) Chyn Boon Wong et al.   Microorganisms

Blocking integrin α4β7-mediated CD4 T cell recruitment to the intestine and liver protects mice from western diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

(2020) Ravi P. Rai et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

The Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites, Novel Targets for Treating and Preventing Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

(2020) Yinhua Ni et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

Neurobehavioral effects of uremic toxin–indoxyl sulfate in the rat model

(2020) Malgorzata Karbowska et al.   Scientific Reports

The gut microbiota metabolite indole increases emotional responses and adrenal medulla activity in chronically stressed male mice

(2020) Hayatte-Dounia Mir et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Nutritional Therapy to Modulate Tryptophan Metabolism and Aryl Hydrocarbon-Receptor Signaling Activation in Human Diseases

(2020) Mohammed Ghiboub et al.   Nutrients

Pharmacophore Modeling and 3D-QSAR Study of Indole and Isatin Derivatives as Antiamyloidogenic Agents Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease

(2020) Rosa Purgatorio et al.   MOLECULES

Bacterially Derived Tryptamine Increases Mucus Release by Activating a Host Receptor in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

(2020) Yogesh Bhattarai et al.   iScience

Tryptophan metabolism as a common therapeutic target in cancer, neurodegeneration and beyond

(2019) Michael Platten et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Defining the role of Parasutterella, a previously uncharacterized member of the core gut microbiota

(2019) Tingting Ju et al.   ISME Journal

Tryptophan (Trp) modulates gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)

(2019) Meige Sun et al.   CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION

Association between the ratio of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in Th17 cells to AhR in Treg cells and SLE skin lesions

(2019) Haitao Yu et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Control of tumor-associated macrophages and T cells in glioblastoma via AHR and CD39

(2019) Maisa C. Takenaka et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic

(2019) Mary Ellen Sanders et al.   Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut Microbiota and Ischemic Stroke: The Role of Trimethylamine N-Oxide

(2019) Hyo Suk Nam   Journal of Stroke

Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health

(2019) Aimée Parker et al.   Gut Microbes

Indole-3-propionic acid has chemical chaperone activity and suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal cell death

(2019) Seisuke Mimori et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Indole-3-Acetic Acid Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice via Attenuation of Hepatic Lipogenesis, and Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress

(2019) Yun Ji et al.   Nutrients

Microbiota-Derived Indole Metabolites Promote Human and Murine Intestinal Homeostasis through Regulation of Interleukin-10 Receptor

(2018) Erica E. Alexeev et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mice: Gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway

(2018) Meng-Fei Sun et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Antibiotic-induced microbiota perturbation causes gut endocannabinoidome changes, hippocampal neuroglial reorganization and depression in mice

(2018) F. Guida et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease

(2018) Allison Agus et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Gut Microbiota-Produced Tryptamine Activates an Epithelial G-Protein-Coupled Receptor to Increase Colonic Secretion

(2018) Yogesh Bhattarai et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

In Vitro Effects of Serotonin, Melatonin, and Other Related Indole Compounds on Amyloid-β Kinetics and Neuroprotection

(2018) Ruth Hornedo-Ortega et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites

(2018) Veit Rothhammer et al.   NATURE

Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Modulate Inflammatory Response in Hepatocytes and Macrophages

(2018) Smitha Krishnan et al.   Cell Reports

Indole, a Signaling Molecule Produced by the Gut Microbiota, Negatively Impacts Emotional Behaviors in Rats

(2018) Mathilde Jaglin et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease

(2018) Henrik M. Roager et al.   Nature Communications

Altered tryptophan metabolism is associated with pediatric multiple sclerosis risk and course

(2018) Bardia Nourbakhsh et al.   Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Cell Intrinsically Inhibits Intestinal Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Function

(2018) Shiyang Li et al.   IMMUNITY

Environmental cues received during development shape dendritic cell responses later in life

(2018) Jessica L. Meyers et al.   PLoS One

Alzheimer's disease

(2017) C. A. Lane et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Bacterial Signaling to the Nervous System through Toxins and Metabolites

(2017) Nicole J. Yang et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

A gut bacterial pathway metabolizes aromatic amino acids into nine circulating metabolites

(2017) Dylan Dodd et al.   NATURE

Salt-responsive gut commensal modulates TH17 axis and disease

(2017) Nicola Wilck et al.   NATURE

Kynurenine pathway metabolism and the microbiota-gut-brain axis

(2017) P.J. Kennedy et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Probiotic treatment reduces depressive-like behaviour in rats independently of diet

(2017) Anders Abildgaard et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Lactobacillus reuteriinduces gut intraepithelial CD4+CD8αα+T cells

(2017) Luisa Cervantes-Barragan et al.   SCIENCE

The effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms in humans: a systematic review

(2017) Caroline J. K. Wallace et al.   Annals of General Psychiatry

The microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid improves glucose metabolism in rats, but does not affect behaviour

(2017) Anders Abildgaard et al.   ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Indoxyl Sulfate Affects Glial Function Increasing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease: Interaction between Astrocytes and Microglia

(2017) Simona Adesso et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease

(2017) Nicholas M. Vogt et al.   Scientific Reports

Brain injury induces specific changes in the caecal microbiota of mice via altered autonomic activity and mucoprotein production

(2016) A. Houlden et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

May the Force Be With You: The Light and Dark Sides of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatry

(2016) Eoin Sherwin et al.   CNS DRUGS

Gut dysbiosis impairs recovery after spinal cord injury

(2016) Kristina A. Kigerl et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat

(2016) John R. Kelly et al.   JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH

Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

(2016) Veit Rothhammer et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

CARD9 impacts colitis by altering gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan into aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands

(2016) Bruno Lamas et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Commensal microbiota affects ischemic stroke outcome by regulating intestinal γδ T cells

(2016) Corinne Benakis et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

MaxiK channel interactome reveals its interaction with GABA transporter 3 and heat shock protein 60 in the mammalian brain

(2016) H. Singh et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Indoxyl Sulfate—Review of Toxicity and Therapeutic Strategies

(2016) Sheldon Leong et al.   Toxins

A Rapid and Specific Method for the Detection of Indole in Complex Biological Samples

(2015) Charles Darkoh et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease

(2015) Ali Keshavarzian et al.   MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Adaptation of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor to sense microbiota-derived indoles

(2015) Troy D. Hubbard et al.   Scientific Reports

Symbiotic Bacterial Metabolites Regulate Gastrointestinal Barrier Function via the Xenobiotic Sensor PXR and Toll-like Receptor 4

(2014) Madhukumar Venkatesh et al.   IMMUNITY

The Cardiovascular Effect of the Uremic Solute Indole-3 Acetic Acid

(2014) L. Dou et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY

Bacterial Metabolite Indole Modulates Incretin Secretion from Intestinal Enteroendocrine L Cells

(2014) Catalin Chimerel et al.   Cell Reports

Indolic uremic solutes increase tissue factor production in endothelial cells by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway

(2013) Bertrand Gondouin et al.   KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL

Mucus Enhances Gut Homeostasis and Oral Tolerance by Delivering Immunoregulatory Signals

(2013) M. Shan et al.   SCIENCE

Normal and Pathologic Concentrations of Uremic Toxins

(2012) F. Duranton et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY

Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour

(2012) John F. Cryan et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease

(2011) Reisa A. Sperling et al.   Alzheimers & Dementia

Indole Transport across Escherichia coli Membranes

(2011) S. Pinero-Fernandez et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

The Antibacterial Lectin RegIII  Promotes the Spatial Segregation of Microbiota and Host in the Intestine

(2011) S. Vaishnava et al.   SCIENCE

Natural Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands Control Organogenesis of Intestinal Lymphoid Follicles

(2011) E. A. Kiss et al.   SCIENCE

Alzheimer's Disease

(2010) Henry W. Querfurth et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

An endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand acts on dendritic cells and T cells to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2010) F. J. Quintana et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Indole-3-propionic acid attenuates neuronal damage and oxidative stress in the ischemic hippocampus

(2009) In Koo Hwang et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH

The bacterial signal indole increases epithelial-cell tight-junction resistance and attenuates indicators of inflammation

(2009) T. Bansal et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A Bench to Bedside View of Uremic Toxins

(2008) R. Vanholder et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY