Production of Indole and Indole-Related Compounds by the Intestinal Microbiota and Consequences for the Host: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Emerging effects of tryptophan pathway metabolites and intestinal microbiota on metabolism and intestinal function

(2022) Niall P. Hyland et al.   AMINO ACIDS

Dual effects of the tryptophan-derived bacterial metabolite indole on colonic epithelial cell metabolism and physiology: comparison with its co-metabolite indoxyl sulfate

(2022) Lucie Armand et al.   AMINO ACIDS

Bacterial Indole as a Multifunctional Regulator of Klebsiella oxytoca Complex Enterotoxicity

(2022) Nagender Ledala et al.   mBio

Hepatoprotective Effects of Indole, a Gut Microbial Metabolite, in Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice

(2021) Christelle Knudsen et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Relation between Mood and the Host-Microbiome Co-Metabolite 3-Indoxylsulfate: Results from the Observational Prospective NutriNet-Santé Study

(2021) Catherine Philippe et al.   Microorganisms

Tolerable amounts of amino acids for human supplementation: summary and lessons from published peer-reviewed studies

(2021) François Blachier et al.   AMINO ACIDS

Intestinal organoid cocultures with microbes

(2021) Jens Puschhof et al.   Nature Protocols

Preliminary Test of the Reduction Capacity for the Intestinal Adsorption of Skatole and Indole in Weaning Piglets by Pure and Coated Charcoal

(2021) Franziska Witte et al.   Animals

Indoxyl sulfate, a gut microbiome-derived uremic toxin, is associated with psychic anxiety and its functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurologic signature

(2021) Christopher R. Brydges et al.   Scientific Reports

Gut microbiota generation of protein-bound uremic toxins and related metabolites is not altered at different stages of chronic kidney disease.

(2020) Tessa Gryp et al.   KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL

The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) as a Potential Target for the Control of Intestinal Inflammation: Insights from an Immune and Bacteria Sensor Receptor

(2020) Larissa Pernomian et al.   CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY

Indoxyl Sulfate, a Uremic Endotheliotoxin

(2020) Guillaume Lano et al.   Toxins

Gut microbiota-derived indole 3-propionic acid protects against radiation toxicity via retaining acyl-CoA-binding protein

(2020) Hui-wen Xiao et al.   Microbiome

Microbial tryptophan metabolites regulate gut barrier function via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

(2020) Samantha A. Scott et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Neurobehavioral effects of uremic toxin–indoxyl sulfate in the rat model

(2020) Malgorzata Karbowska et al.   Scientific Reports

Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity

(2020) Fangcong Dong et al.   Gut Microbes

The gut microbiota metabolite indole increases emotional responses and adrenal medulla activity in chronically stressed male mice

(2020) Hayatte-Dounia Mir et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Serum indoxyl sulfate is associated with mortality in hospital-acquired acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study

(2019) Wenji Wang et al.   BMC Nephrology

Skatole regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38

(2019) Koichi Kurata et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Effect of Indoxyl Sulfate on the Repair and Intactness of Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species’ Release

(2019) Simona Adesso et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Renal Fibroblast Activation through a Targetable Heat Shock Protein 90-Dependent Pathway

(2019) Samantha Milanesi et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Apoptosis Through Oxidative Stress and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Inhibition in Human Astrocytes

(2019) Yi-Ting Lin et al.   Journal of Clinical Medicine

Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health

(2019) Kaitlyn Oliphant et al.   Microbiome

Tryptophan Dietary Impacts Gut Barrier and Metabolic Diseases

(2019) Soraya Taleb   Frontiers in Immunology

Metabolites in a Mouse Cancer Model Enhance Venous Thrombogenicity Through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Tissue Factor Axis

(2019) Mostafa Belghasem et al.   BLOOD

The microbiota regulate neuronal function and fear extinction learning

(2019) Coco Chu et al.   NATURE

Indole-3-Acetic Acid Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice via Attenuation of Hepatic Lipogenesis, and Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress

(2019) Yun Ji et al.   Nutrients

Microbiota-Derived Indole Metabolites Promote Human and Murine Intestinal Homeostasis through Regulation of Interleukin-10 Receptor

(2018) Erica E. Alexeev et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

COLONIC INDOLE, GUT BACTERIA METABOLITE OF TRYPTOPHAN, INCREASES PORTAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN RATS.

(2018) Tomasz Huc et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY

Mechanisms of Renal Fibrosis

(2018) Benjamin D. Humphreys   Annual Review of Physiology

Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease

(2018) Allison Agus et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

The gut microbiota metabolite indole alleviates liver inflammation in mice

(2018) Martin Beaumont et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Phenyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate decrease glutathione level to render cells vulnerable to oxidative stress in renal tubular cells

(2018) Takeo Edamatsu et al.   PLoS One

Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Modulate Inflammatory Response in Hepatocytes and Macrophages

(2018) Smitha Krishnan et al.   Cell Reports

Role of Uremic Toxins for Kidney, Cardiovascular, and Bone Dysfunction

(2018) Hideki Fujii et al.   Toxins

Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism

(2018) Jing Gao et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Indole, a Signaling Molecule Produced by the Gut Microbiota, Negatively Impacts Emotional Behaviors in Rats

(2018) Mathilde Jaglin et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Expression of CYP and GST in human normal and colon tumor tissues

(2018) H Bulus et al.   BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY

Impaired Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Production by the Gut Microbiota Is a Key Factor in Metabolic Syndrome

(2018) Jane M. Natividad et al.   Cell Metabolism

High-protein diets for weight management: Interactions with the intestinal microbiota and consequences for gut health. A position paper by the my new gut study group

(2018) François Blachier et al.   CLINICAL NUTRITION

Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease

(2018) Henrik M. Roager et al.   Nature Communications

Indoxyl Sulfate Promotes Arterial Thrombosis in Rat Model via Increased Levels of Complex TF/VII, PAI-1, Platelet Activation as Well as Decreased Contents of SIRT1 and SIRT3

(2018) Malgorzata Karbowska et al.   Frontiers in Physiology

Amino Acid Absorption in the Large Intestine of Humans and Porcine Models

(2017) Nikkie van der Wielen et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

A gut bacterial pathway metabolizes aromatic amino acids into nine circulating metabolites

(2017) Dylan Dodd et al.   NATURE

Microbiota-derived tryptophan indoles increase after gastric bypass surgery and reduce intestinal permeability in vitro and in vivo

(2017) M. Jennis et al.   NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY

Indoxyl sulfate – the uremic toxin linking hemostatic system disturbances with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

(2017) Tomasz W. Kamiński et al.   BMC Nephrology

Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Supplementation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Course: What Impact on the Colonic Mucosa?

(2017) Sandra Vidal-Lletjós et al.   Nutrients

The Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Accelerates Thrombotic Response after Vascular Injury in Animal Models

(2017) Malgorzata Karbowska et al.   Toxins

Indoxyl Sulfate: A Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Chronic Kidney Disease

(2017) Szu‐Chun Hung et al.   Journal of the American Heart Association

Indoxyl Sulfate Affects Glial Function Increasing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease: Interaction between Astrocytes and Microglia

(2017) Simona Adesso et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Oxidant Mechanisms in Renal Injury and Disease

(2016) Brian B. Ratliff et al.   ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING

Indoxyl sulfate, a valuable biomarker in chronic kidney disease and dialysis

(2016) Xiao Tan et al.   Hemodialysis International

Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

(2016) Veit Rothhammer et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

CARD9 impacts colitis by altering gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan into aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands

(2016) Bruno Lamas et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Gut microbiota role in dietary protein metabolism and health-related outcomes: The two sides of the coin

(2016) Kevin J. Portune et al.   TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Indoxyl Sulfate—Review of Toxicity and Therapeutic Strategies

(2016) Sheldon Leong et al.   Toxins

A Rapid and Specific Method for the Detection of Indole in Complex Biological Samples

(2015) Charles Darkoh et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Indole: a signaling molecule or a mere metabolic byproduct that alters bacterial physiology at a high concentration?

(2015) Jisun Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY

Roles of Indole as an Interspecies and Interkingdom Signaling Molecule

(2015) Jin-Hyung Lee et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY

Sources and Amounts of Animal, Dairy, and Plant Protein Intake of US Adults in 2007–2010

(2015) Stefan Pasiakos et al.   Nutrients

The Influence of Dietary Protein Intake on Mammalian Tryptophan and Phenolic Metabolites

(2015) Ruben Poesen et al.   PLoS One

Adaptation of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor to sense microbiota-derived indoles

(2015) Troy D. Hubbard et al.   Scientific Reports

Symbiotic Bacterial Metabolites Regulate Gastrointestinal Barrier Function via the Xenobiotic Sensor PXR and Toll-like Receptor 4

(2014) Madhukumar Venkatesh et al.   IMMUNITY

The Uremic Toxicity of Indoxyl Sulfate and p-Cresyl Sulfate: A Systematic Review

(2014) R. Vanholder et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY

Bacterial Metabolite Indole Modulates Incretin Secretion from Intestinal Enteroendocrine L Cells

(2014) Catalin Chimerel et al.   Cell Reports

Binding Affinity and Capacity for the Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate

(2014) Eric Devine et al.   Toxins

Differential Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate and Inorganic Phosphate in a Murine Cerebral Endothelial Cell Line (bEnd.3)

(2014) Andréa Stinghen et al.   Toxins

Albumin is the main plasma binding protein for indoxyl sulfate andp-cresyl sulfate

(2013) Liesbeth Viaene et al.   BIOPHARMACEUTICS & DRUG DISPOSITION

Tryptophan Catabolites from Microbiota Engage Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Balance Mucosal Reactivity via Interleukin-22

(2013) Teresa Zelante et al.   IMMUNITY

Indole production by the tryptophanase TnaA in Escherichia coli is determined by the amount of exogenous tryptophan

(2013) G. Li et al.   MICROBIOLOGY-SGM

Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome of Children with Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

(2013) Maria De Angelis et al.   PLoS One

Commensal Bacteria-Dependent Indole Production Enhances Epithelial Barrier Function in the Colon

(2013) Yosuke Shimada et al.   PLoS One

Salmonella typhimurium intercepts Escherichia coli signaling to enhance antibiotic tolerance

(2013) N. M. Vega et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, downregulates renal expression of Nrf2 through activation of NF-κB

(2013) Dilinaer Bolati et al.   BMC Nephrology

Stat3 Contributes to Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Inflammatory and Fibrotic Gene Expression and Cellular Senescence

(2012) Hidehisa Shimizu et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY

Indoxyl sulfate upregulates renal expression of ICAM-1 via production of ROS and activation of NF-κB and p53 in proximal tubular cells

(2012) Hidehisa Shimizu et al.   LIFE SCIENCES

ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation

(2012) Tatsuo Hashimoto et al.   NATURE

p-Cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate induce similar cellular inflammatory gene expressions in cultured proximal renal tubular cells

(2012) C.-Y. Sun et al.   NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION

Peripheral and Splanchnic Indole and Oxindole Levels in Cirrhotic Patients: A Study on the Pathophysiology of Hepatic Encephalopathy

(2010) Oliviero Riggio et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Indoxyl Sulfate Upregulates Expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 by Oxidative Stress-Induced NF-ĸB Activation

(2010) Zohra Tumur et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY

Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease via an Induction of Oxidative Stress

(2010) M. Yu et al.   Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Trends in food and nutritional intakes of French adults from 1999 to 2007: results from the INCA surveys

(2009) Carine Dubuisson et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

l-Tryptophan exhibits therapeutic function in a porcine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis

(2009) Connie J. Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Understanding the role of tryptophan and serotonin metabolism in gastrointestinal function

(2009) d. keszthelyi et al.   NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY

Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites

(2009) W. R. Wikoff et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The bacterial signal indole increases epithelial-cell tight-junction resistance and attenuates indicators of inflammation

(2009) T. Bansal et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Development of a biomarker assay for 3‐indoxyl sulfate in mouse plasma and brain by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

(2009) Ganfeng Wang et al.   RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY

Catabolic Pathway for the Production of Skatole and Indoleacetic Acid by the Acetogen Clostridium drakei, Clostridium scatologenes, and Swine Manure

(2008) T. R. Whitehead et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Butyrate metabolism in human colon carcinoma cells: Implications concerning its growth-inhibitory effect

(2008) Mireille Andriamihaja et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY

A Bench to Bedside View of Uremic Toxins

(2008) R. Vanholder et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY