Soft actuators for real-world applications

Liquid Crystal Elastomer‐Based Magnetic Composite Films for Reconfigurable Shape‐Morphing Soft Miniature Machines

(2021) Jiachen Zhang et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Self-powered soft robot in the Mariana Trench

(2021) Guorui Li et al.   NATURE

Exploiting Mechanical Instabilities in Soft Robotics: Control, Sensing, and Actuation

(2021) Aniket Pal et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Biohybrid soft robots with self-stimulating skeletons

(2021) Maria Guix et al.   Science Robotics

Physical intelligence as a new paradigm

(2021) Metin Sitti   Extreme Mechanics Letters

Pros and Cons: Magnetic versus Optical Microrobots

(2020) Metin Sitti et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Ferromagnetic Liquid Metal Plasticine with Transformed Shape and Reconfigurable Polarity

(2020) Lingxiao Cao et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Bioinspired underwater locomotion of light-driven liquid crystal gels

(2020) Hamed Shahsavan et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Acoustically powered surface-slipping mobile microrobots

(2020) Amirreza Aghakhani et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Bidirectional tactile display driven by electrostatic dielectric elastomer actuator

(2020) Hoa Phung et al.   Smart Materials and Structures

MakeSense: Automated Sensor Design for Proprioceptive Soft Robots

(2020) Javier Tapia et al.   Soft Robotics

Reconfigurable and Latchable Shape‐Morphing Dielectric Elastomers Based on Local Stiffness Modulation

(2020) Bekir Aksoy et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Untethered Grippers for Active Single Cell Biopsy

(2020) Qianru Jin et al.   NANO LETTERS

Electropneumotactile Stimulation: Multimodal Haptic Actuators Enabled by a Stretchable Conductive Polymer on Inflatable Pockets

(2020) Cody W. Carpenter et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

Actuation of untethered pneumatic artificial muscles and soft robots using magnetically induced liquid-to-gas phase transitions

(2020) Seyed M. Mirvakili et al.   Science Robotics

Inflatable soft jumper inspired by shell snapping

(2020) Benjamin Gorissen et al.   Science Robotics

Soft Pneumatic Gripper With a Tendon-Driven Soft Origami Pump

(2020) Yeunhee Kim et al.   Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Kirigami‐Inspired Inflatables with Programmable Shapes

(2020) Lishuai Jin et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Multimode Hydraulically Amplified Electrostatic Actuators for Wearable Haptics

(2020) Edouard Leroy et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Resilient yet entirely degradable gelatin-based biogels for soft robots and electronics

(2020) Melanie Baumgartner et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Supramolecular–covalent hybrid polymers for light-activated mechanical actuation

(2020) Chuang Li et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Biosynthetic self-healing materials for soft machines

(2020) Abdon Pena-Francesch et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Stimuli-responsive composite biopolymer actuators with selective spatial deformation behavior

(2020) Yushu Wang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Self-healing polymers

(2020) Siyang Wang et al.   Nature Reviews Materials

IRONSperm: Sperm-templated soft magnetic microrobots

(2020) Veronika Magdanz et al.   Science Advances

Biodegradable Untethered Magnetic Hydrogel Milli‐Grippers

(2020) Sandhya Rani Goudu et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Optomechanically Actuated Microcilia for Locally Reconfigurable Surfaces

(2020) Meng Li et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Zwitterionic 3D‐Printed Non‐Immunogenic Stealth Microrobots

(2020) Pol Cabanach et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Addressable Acoustic Actuation of 3D Printed Soft Robotic Microsystems

(2020) Murat Kaynak et al.   Advanced Science

Reprogrammable shape morphing of magnetic soft machines

(2020) Yunus Alapan et al.   Science Advances

Catheter-integrated soft multilayer electronic arrays for multiplexed sensing and actuation during cardiac surgery

(2020) Mengdi Han et al.   Nature Biomedical Engineering

Textile Technology for Soft Robotic and Autonomous Garments

(2020) Vanessa Sanchez et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Progress and Roadmap for Intelligent Self‐Healing Materials in Autonomous Robotics

(2020) Yu Jun Tan et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Becoming Sustainable, The New Frontier in Soft Robotics

(2020) Florian Hartmann et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Flow driven robotic navigation of microengineered endovascular probes

(2020) Lucio Pancaldi et al.   Nature Communications

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

(2019) Laure V. Kayser et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Biohybrid valveless pump-bot powered by engineered skeletal muscle

(2019) Zhengwei Li et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Reconfigurable shape-morphing dielectric elastomers using spatially varying electric fields

(2019) Ehsan Hajiesmaili et al.   Nature Communications

Emerging Material Technologies for Haptics

(2019) Shantonu Biswas et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

Digital logic for soft devices

(2019) Daniel J. Preston et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Realizing the potential of dielectric elastomer artificial muscles

(2019) Mihai Duduta et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Photothermal Bimorph Actuators with In‐Built Cooler for Light Mills, Frequency Switches, and Soft Robots

(2019) Jingjing Li et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

3D-Printed Biodegradable Microswimmer for Theranostic Cargo Delivery and Release

(2019) Hakan Ceylan et al.   ACS Nano

Graphene Oxide-Enabled Synthesis of Metal Oxide Origamis for Soft Robotics

(2019) Haitao Yang et al.   ACS Nano

3D‐Architected Soft Machines with Topologically Encoded Motion

(2019) Debkalpa Goswami et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Liquid Crystal Elastomer Waveguide Actuators

(2019) Alexa S. Kuenstler et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Self‐Propelled 3D‐Printed “Aircraft Carrier” of Light‐Powered Smart Micromachines for Large‐Volume Nitroaromatic Explosives Removal

(2019) Lei Kong et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Electrolytic vascular systems for energy-dense robots

(2019) Cameron A. Aubin et al.   NATURE

Multifunctional and biodegradable self-propelled protein motors

(2019) Abdon Pena-Francesch et al.   Nature Communications

A soft ring oscillator

(2019) Daniel J. Preston et al.   Science Robotics

A biosensing soft robot: Autonomous parsing of chemical signals through integrated organic and inorganic interfaces

(2019) Kyle B. Justus et al.   Science Robotics

Photosensitizer-Bacteria Biohybrids Promote Photodynamic Cancer Cell Ablation and Intracellular Protein Delivery

(2019) Min Wu et al.   CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS

Stretchable pumps for soft machines

(2019) Vito Cacucciolo et al.   NATURE

Neuromuscular actuation of biohybrid motile bots

(2019) Onur Aydin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Magnetically Actuated Soft Capsule Endoscope for Fine-Needle Biopsy

(2019) Donghoon Son et al.   Soft Robotics

Role of indentation depth and contact area on human perception of softness for haptic interfaces

(2019) Charles Dhong et al.   Science Advances

Miniature Pneumatic Actuators for Soft Robots by High‐Resolution Multimaterial 3D Printing

(2019) Yuan‐Fang Zhang et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

Soft phototactic swimmer based on self-sustained hydrogel oscillator

(2019) Yusen Zhao et al.   Science Robotics

Untethered soft robotic matter with passive control of shape morphing and propulsion

(2019) Arda Kotikian et al.   Science Robotics

3D Printing of Interdigitated Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

(2019) Alex Chortos et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Organic Haptics: Intersection of Materials Chemistry and Tactile Perception

(2019) Darren J. Lipomi et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Elastic Energy Storage Enables Rapid and Programmable Actuation in Soft Machines

(2019) Aniket Pal et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Nanomagnetic encoding of shape-morphing micromachines

(2019) Jizhai Cui et al.   NATURE

Voxelated soft matter via multimaterial multinozzle 3D printing

(2019) Mark A. Skylar-Scott et al.   NATURE

A Novel Tendon-Driven Soft Actuator with Self-Pumping Property

(2019) Tao Ren et al.   Soft Robotics

Monolithic shape-programmable dielectric liquid crystal elastomer actuators

(2019) Zoey S. Davidson et al.   Science Advances

A transparent, self-healing and high-κ dielectric for low-field-emission stretchable optoelectronics

(2019) Yu Jun Tan et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Soft Robotic Grippers

(2018) Jun Shintake et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

3D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomeric Actuators with Spatially Programed Nematic Order

(2018) Arda Kotikian et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Liquid-Crystalline Dynamic Networks Doped with Gold Nanorods Showing Enhanced Photocontrol of Actuation

(2018) Xili Lu et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Soft Somatosensitive Actuators via Embedded 3D Printing

(2018) Ryan L. Truby et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Programmable Proton Conduction in Stretchable and Self-Healing Proteins

(2018) Abdon Pena-Francesch et al.   CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS

Screen-Printed Curvature Sensors for Soft Robots

(2018) Anastasia Koivikko et al.   IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL

Soft robotic devices for hand rehabilitation and assistance: a narrative review

(2018) Chia-Ye Chu et al.   Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

An autonomously electrically self-healing liquid metal–elastomer composite for robust soft-matter robotics and electronics

(2018) Eric J. Markvicka et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Harnessing bistability for directional propulsion of soft, untethered robots

(2018) Tian Chen et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic actuators with muscle-like performance

(2018) E. Acome et al.   SCIENCE

Toward Perceptive Soft Robots: Progress and Challenges

(2018) Hongbo Wang et al.   Advanced Science

Biodegradable Polymeric Materials in Degradable Electronic Devices

(2018) Vivian R. Feig et al.   ACS Central Science

Biomedical applications of soft robotics

(2018) Matteo Cianchetti et al.   Nature Reviews Materials

Photomechanical and Chemomechanical Actuation Behavior of Graphene–Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Gold Bilayer Tube for Multimode Soft Grippers and Volatile Organic Compounds Detection Applications

(2018) Leeladhar et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Printing ferromagnetic domains for untethered fast-transforming soft materials

(2018) Yoonho Kim et al.   NATURE

Tunable thermal transport and reversible thermal conductivity switching in topologically networked bio-inspired materials

(2018) John A. Tomko et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Flexible magnetic composites for light-controlled actuation and interfaces

(2018) Meng Li et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Fabricating 3D Structures by Combining 2D Printing and Relaxation of Strain

(2018) Brian J. Cafferty et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

Hardware Sequencing of Inflatable Nonlinear Actuators for Autonomous Soft Robots

(2018) Benjamin Gorissen et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Bio-inspired pneumatic shape-morphing elastomers

(2018) Emmanuel Siéfert et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of the neon dimer

(2018) Maksim Kunitski et al.   Nature Communications

A Magnetically Controlled Soft Microrobot Steering a Guidewire in a Three-Dimensional Phantom Vascular Network

(2018) Sungwoong Jeon et al.   Soft Robotics

Exo-Glove Poly II: A Polymer-Based Soft Wearable Robot for the Hand with a Tendon-Driven Actuation System

(2018) Brian Byunghyun Kang et al.   Soft Robotics

A modular approach to the design, fabrication, and characterization of muscle-powered biological machines

(2017) Ritu Raman et al.   Nature Protocols

Controllable load sharing for soft adhesive interfaces on three-dimensional surfaces

(2017) Sukho Song et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

DNA sequence–directed shape change of photopatterned hydrogels via high-degree swelling

(2017) Angelo Cangialosi et al.   SCIENCE

Controllable curvature from planar polymer sheets in response to light

(2017) Amber M. Hubbard et al.   Soft Matter

Soft material for soft actuators

(2017) Aslan Miriyev et al.   Nature Communications

Reversible bidirectional bending of hydrogel-based bilayer actuators

(2017) Xue Li et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry B

Toward Self-Growing Soft Robots Inspired by Plant Roots and Based on Additive Manufacturing Technologies

(2017) Ali Sadeghi et al.   Soft Robotics

Humidity- and Photo-Induced Mechanical Actuation of Cross-Linked Liquid Crystal Polymers

(2016) Yuyun Liu et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Soft Actuators for Small-Scale Robotics

(2016) Lindsey Hines et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Insect–computer hybrid legged robot with user-adjustable speed, step length and walking gait

(2016) Feng Cao et al.   Journal of the Royal Society Interface

Artificial Swimmers Propelled by Acoustically Activated Flagella

(2016) Daniel Ahmed et al.   NANO LETTERS

Take responsibility for electronic-waste disposal

(2016) Zhaohua Wang et al.   NATURE

An integrated design and fabrication strategy for entirely soft, autonomous robots

(2016) Michael Wehner et al.   NATURE

Biomimetic 4D printing

(2016) A. Sydney Gladman et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Optogenetic skeletal muscle-powered adaptive biological machines

(2016) Ritu Raman et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Shape-programmable magnetic soft matter

(2016) Guo Zhan Lum et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Phototactic guidance of a tissue-engineered soft-robotic ray

(2016) S.-J. Park et al.   SCIENCE

Oral, ultra–long-lasting drug delivery: Application toward malaria elimination goals

(2016) Andrew M. Bellinger et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Magnetic actuated pH-responsive hydrogel-based soft micro-robot for targeted drug delivery

(2016) Hao Li et al.   Smart Materials and Structures

Soft Robotics Commercialization: Jamming Grippers from Research to Product

(2016) John Amend et al.   Soft Robotics

High-Force Soft Printable Pneumatics for Soft Robotic Applications

(2016) Hong Kai Yap et al.   Soft Robotics

Self-Folding Thermo-Magnetically Responsive Soft Microgrippers

(2015) Joyce C. Breger et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Versatile Soft Grippers with Intrinsic Electroadhesion Based on Multifunctional Polymer Actuators

(2015) Jun Shintake et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Toward a New Generation of Electrically Controllable Hygromorphic Soft Actuators

(2015) Silvia Taccola et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

A 3D-printed, functionally graded soft robot powered by combustion

(2015) N. W. Bartlett et al.   SCIENCE

Three-Dimensional Programmable Assembly by Untethered Magnetic Robotic Micro-Grippers

(2014) Eric Diller et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Stimuli-Responsive Theragrippers for Chemomechanical Controlled Release

(2014) Kate Malachowski et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Artificial Muscles from Fishing Line and Sewing Thread

(2014) C. S. Haines et al.   SCIENCE

Tactile device based on opto-mechanical actuation of liquid crystal elastomers

(2014) N. Torras et al.   SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL

An Integrated Microrobotic Platform for On-Demand, Targeted Therapeutic Interventions

(2013) Stefano Fusco et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Meshworm: A Peristaltic Soft Robot With Antagonistic Nickel Titanium Coil Actuators

(2013) Sangok Seok et al.   IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS

Soft Robot Arm Inspired by the Octopus

(2012) Cecilia Laschi et al.   ADVANCED ROBOTICS

An electrically and mechanically self-healing composite with pressure- and flexion-sensitive properties for electronic skin applications

(2012) Benjamin C-K. Tee et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Electrically, Chemically, and Photonically Powered Torsional and Tensile Actuation of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Yarn Muscles

(2012) M. D. Lima et al.   SCIENCE

Soft Robotics for Chemists

(2011) Filip Ilievski et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Self-Healing Polymers and Composites

(2010) B.J. Blaiszik et al.   Annual Review of Materials Research