Genetic Code Expansion: Inception, Development, Commercialization

Pegbelfermin (BMS-986036): an investigational PEGylated fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

(2020) Cristy R.C. Verzijl et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS

Rapid discovery and evolution of orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase–tRNA pairs

(2020) Daniele Cervettini et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

New codons for efficient production of unnatural proteins in a semisynthetic organism

(2020) Emil C. Fischer et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Format and geometries matter: Structure-based design defines the functionality of bispecific antibodies

(2020) Steffen Dickopf et al.   Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

Recombinant Peptide Production Platform Coupled with Site-Specific Albumin Conjugation Enables a Convenient Production of Long-Acting Therapeutic Peptide

(2020) Mijeong Bak et al.   Pharmaceutics

Multiplexed genomic encoding of non-canonical amino acids for labeling large complexes

(2020) Bijoy J. Desai et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

The therapeutic potential of FGF21 in metabolic diseases: from bench to clinic

(2020) Leiluo Geng et al.   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Targeting interleukin-4 to the arthritic joint

(2020) Valerie Spieler et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Leptin Signaling in the Arcuate Nucleus Reduces Insulin’s Capacity to Suppress Hepatic Glucose Production in Obese Mice

(2019) Eglantine Balland et al.   Cell Reports

Mutually orthogonal nonsense-suppression systems and conjugation chemistries for precise protein labeling at up to three distinct sites

(2019) James S Italia et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Synthesis of erythropoietins site‐specifically conjugated with complex‐type N‐glycans

(2019) Katharina Streichert et al.   CHEMBIOCHEM

Short communication: Pegbovigrastim treatment in vivo does not affect granulocyte ability to migrate to endometrial cells and kill bacteria in vitro in healthy cows

(2019) K. Tombácz et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

Optimization of Replication, Transcription, and Translation in a Semi-Synthetic Organism

(2019) Aaron W. Feldman et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Partial Leptin Reduction as an Insulin Sensitization and Weight Loss Strategy

(2019) Shangang Zhao et al.   Cell Metabolism

Engineering a Polyspecific Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase by a High Throughput FACS Screen

(2019) Adrian Hohl et al.   Scientific Reports

Capturing Post-Translational Modification-Triggered Protein–Protein Interactions Using Dual Noncanonical Amino Acid Mutagenesis

(2018) Yunan Zheng et al.   ACS Chemical Biology

Signaling and Function of Interleukin-2 in T Lymphocytes

(2018) Sarah H. Ross et al.   Annual Review of Immunology

Site-selective protein modification with polymers for advanced biomedical applications

(2018) Xinyu Liu et al.   BIOMATERIALS

The effect of pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment prior to experimental mastitis in lactating Holsteins

(2018) E.J. Powell et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

BMS-986036, a PEGylated fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue, reduces fibrosis and Pro-C3 in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

(2018) Y. Luo et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Reprograming the Replisome of a Semisynthetic Organism for the Expansion of the Genetic Alphabet

(2018) Michael P. Ledbetter et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Mutually orthogonal pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs

(2018) Julian C. W. Willis et al.   Nature Chemistry

Snapshots of an evolved DNA polymerase pre- and post-incorporation of an unnatural nucleotide

(2018) Isha Singh et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Engineering posttranslational proofreading to discriminate nonstandard amino acids

(2018) Aditya M. Kunjapur et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Directed Evolution of Heterologous tRNAs Leads to Reduced Dependence on Post-transcriptional Modifications

(2018) Kevin C. Baldridge et al.   ACS Synthetic Biology

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

(2018) Claudia Siverino et al.   Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments

Site-Specific Conjugated Insulin-like Growth Factor-I for Anabolic Therapy

(2018) Fang Wu et al.   ACS Biomaterials-Science & Engineering

Site-Specific Conjugated Insulin-like Growth Factor-I for Anabolic Therapy

(2018) Fang Wu et al.   ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

Harnessing the power of an expanded genetic code toward next-generation biopharmaceuticals

(2018) Mingchao Kang et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY

Engineering an Automaturing Transglutaminase with Enhanced Thermostability by Genetic Code Expansion with Two Codon Reassignments

(2018) Kazumasa Ohtake et al.   ACS Synthetic Biology

Effects of pegbovigrastim administration on periparturient diseases, milk production, and reproductive performance of Holstein cows

(2018) M. Zinicola et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

Pegbelfermin (BMS-986036), a PEGylated fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue, in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial

(2018) Arun Sanyal et al.   LANCET

Pegbelfermin (BMS-986036), PEGylated FGF21, in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Randomized Phase 2 Study

(2018) Edgar D. Charles et al.   Obesity

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21—Metabolic Role in Mice and Men

(2017) Harald Staiger et al.   ENDOCRINE REVIEWS

Precise and combinatorial PEGylation generates a low-immunogenic and stable form of human growth hormone

(2017) Ling Wu et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Efficacy and clinical safety of pegbovigrastim for preventing naturally occurring clinical mastitis in periparturient primiparous and multiparous cows on US commercial dairies

(2017) Peter Canning et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

Effect of prepartum energy balance on neutrophil function following pegbovigrastim treatment in periparturient cows

(2017) S. McDougall et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

Recombinant Macrocyclic Lanthipeptides Incorporating Non-Canonical Amino Acids

(2017) Claudio Zambaldo et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

A semi-synthetic organism that stores and retrieves increased genetic information

(2017) Yorke Zhang et al.   NATURE

An orthogonalized platform for genetic code expansion in both bacteria and eukaryotes

(2017) James S Italia et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Continuous directed evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

(2017) David I Bryson et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

A semisynthetic organism engineered for the stable expansion of the genetic alphabet

(2017) Yorke Zhang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Expanding the genetic code of Mus musculus

(2017) Songmi Han et al.   Nature Communications

Generation of therapeutic protein variants with the human serum albumin binding capacity via site-specific fatty acid conjugation

(2017) Jinhwan Cho et al.   Scientific Reports

Site-Specific POxylation of Interleukin-4

(2017) Tessa Lühmann et al.   ACS Biomaterials-Science & Engineering

Site-Specific POxylation of Interleukin-4

(2017) Tessa Lühmann et al.   ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

Design of Switchable Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Breast Cancer

(2016) Yu Cao et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Understanding the Physiology of FGF21

(2016) Ffolliott Martin Fisher et al.   Annual Review of Physiology

FAP finds FGF21 easy to digest

(2016) M. P. Gillum et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

Improved Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids by an Engineered tRNATyr Suppressor

(2016) Benjamin J. Rauch et al.   BIOCHEMISTRY

Kinetics of tRNAPyl-mediated amber suppression inEscherichia colitranslation reveals unexpected limiting steps and competing reactions

(2016) Jinfan Wang et al.   BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING

Heritable expansion of the genetic code in mouse and zebrafish

(2016) Yuting Chen et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Interleukin-4-Clicked Surfaces Drive M2 Macrophage Polarization

(2016) Tessa Lühmann et al.   CHEMBIOCHEM

Fibroblast Activation Protein Cleaves and Inactivates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

(2016) Diana Ronai Dunshee et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Performance of optimized noncanonical amino acid mutagenesis systems in the absence of release factor 1

(2016) Yunan Zheng et al.   Molecular BioSystems

Stabilization of bacterially expressed erythropoietin by single site-specific introduction of short branched PEG chains at naturally occurring glycosylation sites

(2016) E. Hoffmann et al.   Molecular BioSystems

Minireview: CNS Mechanisms of Leptin Action

(2016) Jonathan N. Flak et al.   MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Genetic code expansion in the mouse brain

(2016) Russell J Ernst et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Essential biphasic role for JAK3 catalytic activity in IL-2 receptor signaling

(2016) Geoffrey A Smith et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Versatile strategy for controlling the specificity and activity of engineered T cells

(2016) Jennifer S. Y. Ma et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CRISPRi-Manipulation of Genetic Code Expansion via RF1 for Reassignment of Amber Codon in Bacteria

(2016) Bo Zhang et al.   Scientific Reports

Rapid and Inexpensive Evaluation of Nonstandard Amino Acid Incorporation in Escherichia coli

(2016) Jordan W. Monk et al.   ACS Synthetic Biology

Evolving Orthogonal Suppressor tRNAs To Incorporate Modified Amino Acids

(2016) Andre C. Maranhao et al.   ACS Synthetic Biology

Ribosomal Synthesis of Macrocyclic Peptides in Vitro and in Vivo Mediated by Genetically Encoded Aminothiol Unnatural Amino Acids

(2015) John R. Frost et al.   ACS Chemical Biology

Development of next generation of therapeutic IFN-α2b via genetic code expansion

(2015) Bo Zhang et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

Efficacy of polyethylene glycol–conjugated bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for reducing the incidence of naturally occurring clinical mastitis in periparturient dairy cows and heifers

(2015) Renee L. Hassfurther et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH

Multiformat T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Human Breast Cancers

(2015) Yu Cao et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

The Expanded Genetic Alphabet

(2015) Denis A. Malyshev et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Design Rationale and Development Approach for Pegfilgrastim as a Long-Acting Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

(2015) Tara Arvedson et al.   BIODRUGS

Liposome-Based in Vitro Evolution of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase for Enhanced Pyrrolysine Derivative Incorporation

(2015) Atsuko Uyeda et al.   CHEMBIOCHEM

Expanding the chemical diversity of lasso peptide MccJ25 with genetically encoded noncanonical amino acids

(2015) Frank J. Piscotta et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Site-Specific PEGylation of Therapeutic Proteins

(2015) Jonathan Dozier et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Site-specific albumination of a therapeutic protein with multi-subunit to prolong activity in vivo

(2015) Sung In Lim et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Structural Basis for a Six Nucleotide Genetic Alphabet

(2015) Millie M. Georgiadis et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Evolution of Functional Six-Nucleotide DNA

(2015) Liqin Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

An Anti-B Cell Maturation Antigen Bispecific Antibody for Multiple Myeloma

(2015) Nitya S. Ramadoss et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Facile Removal of Leader Peptides from Lanthipeptides by Incorporation of a Hydroxy Acid

(2015) Noah A. Bindman et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Leptin treatment: Facts and expectations

(2015) Gilberto Paz-Filho et al.   METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL

Evolution of translation machinery in recoded bacteria enables multi-site incorporation of nonstandard amino acids

(2015) Miriam Amiram et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Rationally evolving tRNAPylfor efficient incorporation of noncanonical amino acids

(2015) Chenguang Fan et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Reassignment of a rare sense codon to a non-canonical amino acid inEscherichia coli

(2015) Takahito Mukai et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Optimisation of a system for the co-translational incorporation of a keto amino acid and its application to a tumour-specific Anticalin

(2015) A. J. Reichert et al.   PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION

PEGylated Biopharmaceuticals

(2015) Inge A. Ivens et al.   TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY

Interleukin-2: Biology, Design and Application

(2015) Natalia Arenas-Ramirez et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Efficient Reassignment of a Frequent Serine Codon in Wild-Type Escherichia coli

(2015) Joanne M. Ho et al.   ACS Synthetic Biology

Bio-orthogonal Immobilization of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 for Spatial Controlled Cell Proliferation

(2015) Tessa Lühmann et al.   ACS Biomaterials-Science & Engineering

Bio-orthogonal Immobilization of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 for Spatial Controlled Cell Proliferation

(2015) Tessa Lühmann et al.   ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

Role of tRNA Orthogonality in an Expanded Genetic Code

(2014) Tsotne Javahishvili et al.   ACS Chemical Biology

Evolved Sequence Contexts for Highly Efficient Amber Suppression with Noncanonical Amino Acids

(2014) Moritz Pott et al.   ACS Chemical Biology

Targeting Human C-Type Lectin-like Molecule-1 (CLL1) with a Bispecific Antibody for Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

(2014) Hua Lu et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Minimal Tags for Rapid Dual-Color Live-Cell Labeling and Super-Resolution Microscopy

(2014) Ivana Nikić et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Expanding and Reprogramming the Genetic Code of Cells and Animals

(2014) Jason W. Chin   Annual Review of Biochemistry

Structural Basis of Improved Second-Generation 3-Nitro-tyrosine tRNA Synthetases

(2014) Richard B. Cooley et al.   BIOCHEMISTRY

A solid-phase PEGylation strategy for protein therapeutics using a potent FGF21 analog

(2014) Lintao Song et al.   BIOMATERIALS

Optimized Plasmid Systems for the Incorporation of Multiple Different Unnatural Amino Acids by Evolved Orthogonal Ribosomes

(2014) Christoph Lammers et al.   CHEMBIOCHEM

Site-Directed and Global Incorporation of Orthogonal and Isostructural Noncanonical Amino Acids into the Ribosomal Lasso Peptide Capistruin

(2014) Rashed S. Al Toma et al.   CHEMBIOCHEM

Towards Reassigning the Rare AGG Codon inEscherichia coli

(2014) Yu Zeng et al.   CHEMBIOCHEM

Sense codon emancipation for proteome-wide incorporation of noncanonical amino acids: rare isoleucine codon AUA as a target for genetic code expansion

(2014) Nina Bohlke et al.   FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS

Effect of recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor covalently bound to polyethylene glycol injection on neutrophil number and function in periparturient dairy cows

(2014) Kayoko Kimura et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

20 YEARS OF LEPTIN: Leptin in common obesity and associated disorders of metabolism

(2014) Alex M DePaoli   JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY

IL-2: The First Effective Immunotherapy for Human Cancer

(2014) S. A. Rosenberg   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

A semi-synthetic organism with an expanded genetic alphabet

(2014) Denis A. Malyshev et al.   NATURE

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Cysteine and Site Specific Conjugated Herceptin Antibody-Drug Conjugates

(2014) Dowdy Jackson et al.   PLoS One

Polyspecific pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetases from directed evolution

(2014) Li-Tao Guo et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Fine-tuning Interaction between Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase and tRNA for Efficient Synthesis of Proteins Containing Unnatural Amino Acids

(2014) Nanxi Wang et al.   ACS Synthetic Biology

Transcription, Reverse Transcription, and Analysis of RNA Containing Artificial Genetic Components

(2014) Nicole A. Leal et al.   ACS Synthetic Biology

Unique Characteristics of the Pyrrolysine System in the 7th Order of Methanogens: Implications for the Evolution of a Genetic Code Expansion Cassette

(2014) Guillaume Borrel et al.   ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL

Inactivation of SOCS3 in leptin receptor-expressing cells protects mice from diet-induced insulin resistance but does not prevent obesity

(2014) João A.B. Pedroso et al.   Molecular Metabolism

Recoding the Genetic Code with Selenocysteine

(2013) Markus J. Bröcker et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

A Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase/tRNA Pair for Unnatural Amino Acid Mutagenesis inE. coli

(2013) Abhishek Chatterjee et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

A Versatile Platform for Single- and Multiple-Unnatural Amino Acid Mutagenesis in Escherichia coli

(2013) Abhishek Chatterjee et al.   BIOCHEMISTRY

Polyethylene Glycol Modified FGF21 Engineered to Maximize Potency and Minimize Vacuole Formation

(2013) Jing Xu et al.   BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY

Efficacy and safety of lipegfilgrastim versus pegfilgrastim: a randomized, multicenter, active-control phase 3 trial in patients with breast cancer receiving doxorubicin/docetaxel chemotherapy

(2013) Igor Bondarenko et al.   BMC CANCER

GLP-1/Glucagon Coagonism Restores Leptin Responsiveness in Obese Mice Chronically Maintained on an Obesogenic Diet

(2013) C. Clemmensen et al.   DIABETES

Pegylated Fgf21 rapidly normalizes insulin-stimulated glucose utilization in diet-induced insulin resistant mice

(2013) Raul C. Camacho et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Interleukin-2 at the Crossroads of Effector Responses, Tolerance, and Immunotherapy

(2013) Wei Liao et al.   IMMUNITY

Molecular Basis for the Long Duration of Action and Kinetic Selectivity of Tiotropium for the Muscarinic M3 Receptor

(2013) Christofer S. Tautermann et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Generation of high-affinity DNA aptamers using an expanded genetic alphabet

(2013) Michiko Kimoto et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Directed evolution of genetic parts and circuits by compartmentalized partnered replication

(2013) Jared W Ellefson et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Upgrading protein synthesis for synthetic biology

(2013) Patrick O'Donoghue et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Rational Design of a Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Based Clinical Candidate, LY2405319

(2013) Alexei Kharitonenkov et al.   PLoS One

Nonsense and Sense Suppression Abilities of Original and Derivative Methanosarcina mazei Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase-tRNAPyl Pairs in the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) Cell Strain

(2013) Keturah A. Odoi et al.   PLoS One

Downstream Signaling Pathways in Mouse Adipose Tissues Following Acute In Vivo Administration of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

(2013) Eric S. Muise et al.   PLoS One

Bispecific small molecule-antibody conjugate targeting prostate cancer

(2013) C. H. Kim et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Genomically Recoded Organisms Expand Biological Functions

(2013) M. J. Lajoie et al.   SCIENCE

Genetic Incorporation of Twelve meta-Substituted Phenylalanine Derivatives Using a Single Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutant

(2012) Yane-Shih Wang et al.   ACS Chemical Biology

Ligation of Expressed Protein α-Hydrazides via Genetic Incorporation of an α-Hydroxy Acid

(2012) Yi-Ming Li et al.   ACS Chemical Biology

Release Factor One Is Nonessential in Escherichia coli

(2012) David B. F. Johnson et al.   ACS Chemical Biology

Pyrrolysine Analogs as Substrates for Bacterial Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetasein Vitroandin Vivo

(2012) Hidekazu KATAYAMA et al.   BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

A Universal Strategy for Adoptive Immunotherapy of Cancer through Use of a Novel T-cell Antigen Receptor

(2012) K. Urbanska et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Catalyst-Free and Site-Specific One-Pot Dual-Labeling of a Protein Directed by Two Genetically Incorporated Noncanonical Amino Acids

(2012) Bo Wu et al.   CHEMBIOCHEM

Redirecting Gene-Modified T Cells toward Various Cancer Types Using Tagged Antibodies

(2012) K. Tamada et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

N-Acetyl lysyl-tRNA synthetases evolved by a CcdB-based selection possessN-acetyl lysine specificity in vitro and in vivo

(2012) Takuya Umehara et al.   FEBS LETTERS

PylSn and the Homologous N-terminal Domain of Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Bind the tRNA That Is Essential for the Genetic Encoding of Pyrrolysine

(2012) Ruisheng Jiang et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Restoration of leptin responsiveness in diet-induced obese mice using an optimized leptin analog in combination with exendin-4 or FGF21

(2012) Timo D. Müller et al.   JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE

Synthesis of Bispecific Antibodies using Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acids

(2012) Chan Hyuk Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Conjugation site modulates the in vivo stability and therapeutic activity of antibody-drug conjugates

(2012) Ben-Quan Shen et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Rationale-Based Engineering of a Potent Long-Acting FGF21 Analog for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

(2012) Randy Hecht et al.   PLoS One

Efficient and sequence-independent replication of DNA containing a third base pair establishes a functional six-letter genetic alphabet

(2012) Denis A. Malyshev et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Carbon source-dependent expansion of the genetic code in bacteria

(2012) L. Prat et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Structure of the Human Obesity Receptor Leptin-Binding Domain Reveals the Mechanism of Leptin Antagonism by a Monoclonal Antibody

(2012) Byron Carpenter et al.   STRUCTURE

Stereochemical Basis for Engineered Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase and the Efficientin VivoIncorporation of Structurally Divergent Non-native Amino Acids

(2011) Jeffrey K. Takimoto et al.   ACS Chemical Biology

Genetically Encoded Copper-Free Click Chemistry

(2011) Tilman Plass et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Genetic-code evolution for protein synthesis with non-natural amino acids

(2011) Takahito Mukai et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

FGF21 Analogs of Sustained Action Enabled by Orthogonal Biosynthesis Demonstrate Enhanced Antidiabetic Pharmacology in Rodents

(2011) J. Mu et al.   DIABETES

Site-Specific Coupling and Sterically Controlled Formation of Multimeric Antibody Fab Fragments with Unnatural Amino Acids

(2011) Benjamin M. Hutchins et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Amplification, Mutation, and Sequencing of a Six-Letter Synthetic Genetic System

(2011) Zunyi Yang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

The de novo engineering of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase for genetic incorporation of l-phenylalanine and its derivatives

(2011) Yane-Shih Wang et al.   Molecular BioSystems

RF1 knockout allows ribosomal incorporation of unnatural amino acids at multiple sites

(2011) David B F Johnson et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Importance of single molecular determinants in the fidelity of expanded genetic codes

(2011) A. K. Antonczak et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Optimized clinical performance of growth hormone with an expanded genetic code

(2011) H. Cho et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Evolution of cyclic peptide protease inhibitors

(2011) T. S. Young et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Expanding the Genetic Code of Escherichia coli with Phosphoserine

(2011) H.-S. Park et al.   SCIENCE

Precise Manipulation of Chromosomes in Vivo Enables Genome-Wide Codon Replacement

(2011) Farren J. Isaacs et al.   SCIENCE

A Facile System for Genetic Incorporation of Two Different Noncanonical Amino Acids into One Protein inEscherichia coli

(2010) Wei Wan et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

A method to site-specifically introduce methyllysine into proteins in E. coli

(2010) Hui-wang Ai et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference

(2010) Vlad Ratziu et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Engineering of an Orthogonal Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase for Efficient Incorporation of the Non-natural Amino Acid O-Methyl-L-tyrosine using Fluorescence-based Bacterial Cell Sorting

(2010) Sebastian M. Kuhn et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Production of Lantipeptides inEscherichia coli

(2010) Yanxiang Shi et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Codon reassignment in the Escherichia coli genetic code

(2010) T. Mukai et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Improved IL-2 immunotherapy by selective stimulation of IL-2 receptors on lymphocytes and endothelial cells

(2010) C. Krieg et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Expansion of the genetic code: Site-directed p-fluoro-phenylalanine incorporation in Escherichia coli

(2010) Rolf Furter   PROTEIN SCIENCE

A Pyrrolysine Analogue for Protein Click Chemistry

(2009) Tomasz Fekner et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Expanded Genetic Alphabets in the Polymerase Chain Reaction

(2009) Zunyi Yang et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Evolution of Amber Suppressor tRNAs for Efficient Bacterial Production of Proteins Containing Nonnatural Amino Acids

(2009) Jiantao Guo et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

One plasmid selection system for the rapid evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

(2009) Charles E. Melançon et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS

Genetic incorporation of an aliphatic keto-containing amino acid into proteins for their site-specific modifications

(2009) Ying Huang et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS

A Genetically Encoded Direct Sensor of Antibody-Antigen Interactions

(2009) Jeremy H. Mills et al.   CHEMBIOCHEM

An Enhanced System for Unnatural Amino Acid Mutagenesis in E. coli

(2009) Travis S. Young et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

PCR with an Expanded Genetic Alphabet

(2009) Denis A. Malyshev et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Evolving a Polymerase for Hydrophobic Base Analogues

(2009) David Loakes et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Genetic Encoding and Labeling of Aliphatic Azides and Alkynes in Recombinant Proteinsviaa Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase/tRNACUAPair and Click Chemistry

(2009) Duy P. Nguyen et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Optimization of an Unnatural Base Pair toward Natural-Like Replication

(2009) Young Jun Seo et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Diatom plastids depend on nucleotide import from the cytosol

(2009) M. Ast et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Molecular evaluation of the human gut methanogenic archaeal microbiota reveals an age-associated increase of the diversity

(2009) Agnès Mihajlovski et al.   Environmental Microbiology Reports

Multistep Engineering of Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase to Genetically Encode Nɛ-(o-Azidobenzyloxycarbonyl) lysine for Site-Specific Protein Modification

(2008) Tatsuo Yanagisawa et al.   CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY

Specificity of Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase for Pyrrolysine and Pyrrolysine Analogs

(2008) Wen-Tai Li et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Recognition of Non-α-amino Substrates by Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase

(2008) Takatsugu Kobayashi et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Discovery, Characterization, and Optimization of an Unnatural Base Pair for Expansion of the Genetic Alphabet

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In vivoIncorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids to Probe Structure, Dynamics, and Ligand Binding in a Large Protein by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into urate oxidase inEscherichia coli

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A putative new order of methanogenic Archaea inhabiting the human gut, as revealed by molecular analyses of the mcrA gene

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