Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Considerations

Plasma indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is increased in drug-naïve major depressed patients and treatment with sertraline and ketoprofen normalizes IDO in association with pro-inflammatory and immune-regulatory cytokines.

(2020) Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging

(2020) Christopher Weyh et al.   Nutrients

Serum Metabolic Profiles of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway in the high risk subjects of major depressive disorder

(2020) Masashi Sakurai et al.   Scientific Reports

The role of kynurenine pathway and kynurenic aminotransferase alleles in postpartum depression following cesarean section in Chinese women

(2020) Chengxuan Quan et al.   Brain and Behavior

Neuroinflammation in Bipolar Depression

(2020) Francesco Benedetti et al.   Frontiers in Psychiatry

Neuroinflammation and depression: A review

(2020) Romain Troubat et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Kynurenine pathway, NAD+ synthesis, and mitochondrial function: Targeting tryptophan metabolism to promote longevity and healthspan

(2020) Raul Castro-Portuguez et al.   EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY

A Randomized Trial of the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Glycine Site Antagonist Prodrug 4-Chlorokynurenine in Treatment-Resistant Depression

(2020) Lawrence T Park et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Assessment of a Bidirectional Association Between Major Depressive Disorder and Alopecia Areata

(2019) Isabelle A. Vallerand et al.   JAMA Dermatology

Biological and psychological components of depression in patients receiving IFN-alpha therapy for hepatitis C

(2019) Małyszczak Krzysztof et al.   Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Suicide and Microglia: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives Based on Human Studies

(2019) Hisaomi Suzuki et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Physical activity and muscle–brain crosstalk

(2019) Bente Klarlund Pedersen   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

The kynurenine pathway: a finger in every pie

(2019) Jonathan Savitz   MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY

Linking phencyclidine intoxication to the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway: Therapeutic implications for schizophrenia

(2019) Hidetsugu Fujigaki et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

The kynurenine pathway; A new target for treating maternal features of preeclampsia?

(2019) Stephanie A. Worton et al.   PLACENTA

The novel methoxetamine analogs N-ethylnorketamine hydrochloride (NENK), 2-MeO-N-ethylketamine hydrochloride (2-MeO-NEK), and 4-MeO-N-ethylketamine hydrochloride (4-MeO-NEK) elicit rapid antidepressant effects via activation of AMPA and 5-HT2 receptors

(2019) Leandro Val Sayson et al.   PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Neuroinflammation and Schizophrenia

(2019) Peter F. Buckley   Current Psychiatry Reports

Novel Neuroimmunologic Therapeutics in Depression: A Clinical Perspective on What We Know So Far

(2019) Michael Roman et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

The Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin in Quinolinic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats is Associated with BDNF, ERK1/2, Nrf2, and Antioxidant Enzymes

(2019) Ricardo A. Santana-Martínez et al.   Antioxidants

Inflammation and kynurenine pathway dysregulation in post-partum women with severe and suicidal depression

(2019) Eric Achtyes et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Clinical insights into the kynurenine pathway in age-related diseases

(2019) Beom-Jun Kim et al.   EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY

Replicable and Coupled Changes in Innate and Adaptive Immune Gene Expression in Two Case-Control Studies of Blood Microarrays in Major Depressive Disorder

(2018) Gwenaël G.R. Leday et al.   BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY

Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease

(2018) Allison Agus et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Neuroinflammation and the Immune-Kynurenine Pathway in Anxiety Disorders

(2018) Yong-Ku Kim et al.   Current Neuropharmacology

Kynurenine pathway changes in late-life depression

(2018) Yujie Wu et al.   JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Concepts on the Relation of Mitochondrial Disturbances, Excitotoxicity, Neuroinflammation, and Kynurenines

(2018) Dénes Zádori et al.   JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

Kynurenine pathway metabolism and the neurobiology of treatment-resistant depression: Comparison of multiple ketamine infusions and electroconvulsive therapy

(2018) A.P. Allen et al.   JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH

The role of tryptophan metabolism in postpartum depression

(2018) Kai-Ming Duan et al.   METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE

IDO and TDO as a potential therapeutic target in different types of depression

(2018) Yanjie Qin et al.   METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE

Chronic Mild Stress Alters Kynurenine Pathways Changing the Glutamate Neurotransmission in Frontal Cortex of Rats

(2018) David Martín-Hernández et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Leucine competes with kynurenine for blood-to-brain transport and prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice

(2018) Adam K. Walker et al.   MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY

Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and the Kynurenine System, with a Focus on Ageing and Neuroprotection

(2018) Katalin Sas et al.   MOLECULES

Genetic deficiency of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes gut microbiota-mediated metabolic health

(2018) Ludivine Laurans et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Importance of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase for spontaneous firing and pharmacological responses of midbrain dopamine neurons: Relevance for schizophrenia

(2018) Maximilian Tufvesson-Alm et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Salivary kynurenic acid response to psychological stress: inverse relationship to cortical glutamate in schizophrenia

(2018) Joshua Chiappelli et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Bioenergetics and synaptic plasticity as potential targets for individualizing treatment for depression

(2018) J. Blair Price et al.   NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS

Quinolinic acid and glutamatergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

(2018) Tássia Limana da Silveira et al.   NEUROTOXICOLOGY

Kynurenine pathway metabolic balance influences microglia activity: Targeting kynurenine monooxygenase to dampen neuroinflammation

(2018) Allison M. Garrison et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Effects of cariprazine on extracellular levels of glutamate, GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat phencyclidine model of schizophrenia studied by microdialysis and simultaneous recordings of locomotor activity

(2018) Jan Kehr et al.   PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Treatment of bipolar depression with minocycline and/or aspirin: an adaptive, 2×2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase IIA clinical trial

(2018) Jonathan B. Savitz et al.   Translational Psychiatry

Antidepressant effect of repeated ketamine administration on kynurenine pathway metabolites in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression

(2018) Yanling Zhou et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Microglial markers in the frontal cortex are related to cognitive dysfunctions in major depressive disorder

(2018) Hua Li et al.   JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

Influence of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors on Kynurenic Acid Production in Rat Brain in Vitro

(2018) Izabela Zakrocka et al.   NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH

Cognitive Impairment Along the Course of Depression: Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options

(2018) Lena Listunova et al.   PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Longitudinal association of inflammation with depressive symptoms: A 7-year cross-lagged twin difference study

(2018) Minxuan Huang et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Cross-sectional relationship between kynurenine pathway metabolites and cognitive function in major depressive disorder

(2018) Yanling Zhou et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Preferential Disruption of Prefrontal GABAergic Function by Nanomolar Concentrations of the α7nACh Negative Modulator Kynurenic Acid

(2017) Eden Flores-Barrera et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Cytoskeleton as a Target of Quinolinic Acid Neurotoxicity: Insight from Animal Models

(2017) Paula Pierozan et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Deficit, but Not Nondeficit, Schizophrenia Is Characterized by Mucosa-Associated Activation of the Tryptophan Catabolite (TRYCAT) Pathway with Highly Specific Increases in IgA Responses Directed to Picolinic, Xanthurenic, and Quinolinic Acid

(2017) Buranee Kanchanatawan et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Kynurenine pathway metabolism and neuroinflammatory disease

(2017) Nady Braidy et al.   Neural Regeneration Research

Oral administration of a specific kynurenic acid synthesis (KAT II) inhibitor attenuates evoked glutamate release in rat prefrontal cortex

(2017) D.M. Bortz et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Kynurenine pathway metabolites and suicidality

(2017) Elena Y. Bryleva et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

The kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

(2017) Sophie Erhardt et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

The kynurenine pathway and the brain: Challenges, controversies and promises

(2017) Robert Schwarcz et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Recent evidence for an expanded role of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in neurological diseases

(2017) Michael D. Lovelace et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

(2017) Chai K. Lim et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

Kynurenines: Tryptophan’s metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health

(2017) Igor Cervenka et al.   SCIENCE

Circulating T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines and immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with bipolar II or major depression: a preliminary study

(2017) Wei Wu et al.   Scientific Reports

Beta-trace Protein as a new non-invasive immunological Marker for Quinolinic Acid-induced impaired Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity

(2017) Andreas Baranyi et al.   Scientific Reports

Endurance exercise increases skeletal muscle kynurenine aminotransferases and plasma kynurenic acid in humans

(2016) Maja Schlittler et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY

Kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with hippocampal activity during autobiographical memory recall in patients with depression

(2016) Kymberly D. Young et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Microglial activation and progressive brain changes in schizophrenia

(2016) L E Laskaris et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

The end of the road for the tryptophan depletion concept in pregnancy and infection

(2016) A. A.- B. Badawy et al.   CLINICAL SCIENCE

Disease-Induced Neuroinflammation and Depression

(2016) Cristina Benatti et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

Kynurenine metabolic balance is disrupted in the hippocampus following peripheral lipopolysaccharide challenge

(2016) Jennifer M. Parrott et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Smaller Dentate Gyrus and CA2 and CA3 Volumes Are Associated with Kynurenine Metabolites in Collegiate Football Athletes

(2016) Timothy B. Meier et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA

Role of Inflammation in Suicide: From Mechanisms to Treatment

(2016) Lena Brundin et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Virus Infections Incite Pain Hypersensitivity by Inducing Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase

(2016) Lei Huang et al.   PLoS Pathogens

An enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that governs vulnerability to suicidal behavior by regulating excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation

(2016) L Brundin et al.   Translational Psychiatry

Neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism is increased in the dorsal hippocampus and drives distinct depressive behaviors during inflammation

(2016) J M Parrott et al.   Translational Psychiatry

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Its Usage in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

(2016) Alper Evrensel et al.   Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience

Tryptophan metabolism, disposition and utilization in pregnancy

(2015) A. A.- B. Badawy   BIOSCIENCE REPORTS

The impact of electroconvulsive therapy on the tryptophan–kynurenine metabolic pathway

(2015) Sinan Guloksuz et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

A role for inflammatory metabolites as modulators of the glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in depression and suicidality

(2015) Cecilie Bay-Richter et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Challenges and Opportunities in the Discovery of New Therapeutics Targeting the Kynurenine Pathway

(2015) Amy B. Dounay et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

The kynurenine pathway is activated in human obesity and shifted toward kynurenine monooxygenase activation

(2015) Marie Favennec et al.   Obesity

Neuroprotective kynurenine metabolite indices are abnormally reduced and positively associated with hippocampal and amygdalar volume in bipolar disorder

(2015) Jonathan Savitz et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Quinolinic Acid Responses during Interferon-α-Induced Depressive Symptomatology in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection - A Novel Aspect for Depression and Inflammatory Hypothesis

(2015) Andreas Baranyi et al.   PLoS One

Reduced microglial immunoreactivity for endogenous NMDA receptor agonist quinolinic acid in the hippocampus of schizophrenia patients

(2014) Tomasz Gos et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α1 Modulates Kynurenine Metabolism and Mediates Resilience to Stress-Induced Depression

(2014) Leandro Z. Agudelo et al.   CELL

Reduction of Brain Kynurenic Acid Improves Cognitive Function

(2014) R. Kozak et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Putative Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites Are Associated with Hippocampal and Amygdalar Volumes in Subjects with Major Depressive Disorder

(2014) Jonathan Savitz et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Involvement of the Kynurenine Pathway in Human Glioma Pathophysiology

(2014) Seray Adams et al.   PLoS One

PF-04859989 as a template for structure-based drug design: Identification of new pyrazole series of irreversible KAT II inhibitors with improved lipophilic efficiency

(2013) Amy B. Dounay et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS

Intracerebroventricular administration of lipopolysaccharide induces indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-dependent depression-like behaviors

(2013) Marcus A Lawson et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Activation of kynurenine pathway in ex vivo fibroblasts from patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia: Cytokine challenge increases production of 3-hydroxykynurenine

(2013) Anne-Sofie Johansson et al.   JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH

NMDA Receptor Blockade by Ketamine Abrogates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior in C57BL/6J Mice

(2013) Adam K Walker et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Network beyond IDO in psychiatric disorders: Revisiting neurodegeneration hypothesis

(2013) Aye-Mu Myint et al.   PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY

Kynurenic acid as an antagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain: Facts and challenges

(2012) Edson X. Albuquerque et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Quinolinic acid, the inescapable neurotoxin

(2012) Gilles J. Guillemin   FEBS Journal

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mediates anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviors caused by peripheral lipopolysaccharide immune challenge

(2012) Alexander Salazar et al.   HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR

Increased IgA and IgM responses against gut commensals in chronic depression: Further evidence for increased bacterial translocation or leaky gut

(2012) Michael Maes et al.   JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

Brain indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase contributes to the comorbidity of pain and depression

(2012) Hyangin Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

3-Hydroxykynurenine and clinical symptoms in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia

(2011) Ruth Condray et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

The kynurenine system and immunoregulation

(2011) Yvette Mándi et al.   JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION

Severe depression is associated with increased microglial quinolinic acid in subregions of the anterior cingulate gyrus: Evidence for an immune-modulated glutamatergic neurotransmission?

(2011) Johann Steiner et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Expression of functional GPR35 in human iNKT cells

(2010) Silvia Fallarini et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

CSF concentrations of brain tryptophan and kynurenines during immune stimulation with IFN-α: relationship to CNS immune responses and depression

(2009) C L Raison et al.   MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY

Induction of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase in rat brain following a systemic inflammatory challenge: A role for IFN-γ?

(2008) Thomas J. Connor et al.   NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS