The Role of Intestinal Bacteria and Gut–Brain Axis in Hepatic Encephalopathy

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Chronic Liver Diseases: Current Understanding and Future Direction

(2020) Sarah Lechner et al.   DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES

The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders

(2020) Sibo Zhu et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Imprinting of the immune system by the microbiota early in life

(2020) Ziad Al Nabhani et al.   Mucosal Immunology

Extracellular Vesicles from Hyperammonemic Rats Induce Neuroinflammation and Motor Incoordination in Control Rats

(2020) Paula Izquierdo-Altarejos et al.   Cells

Lipocalin 2 induces neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction through liver-brain axis in murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

(2020) Ayan Mondal et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Effects of chronic treatment with new strains of Lactobacillus plantarum on cognitive, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in male mice

(2020) Thaísa Barros-Santos et al.   PLoS One

Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome during a Multispecies Probiotic Intervention in Compensated Cirrhosis

(2020) Angela Horvath et al.   Nutrients

Chronic hyperammonemia induces peripheral inflammation that leads to cognitive impairment in rats: reversal by anti-tnfa treatment

(2019) Tiziano Balzano et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

The role of the gut microbiota in development, function and disorders of the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system

(2019) C N Heiss et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Chronic hyperammonemia alters extracellular glutamate, glutamine and GABA and membrane expression of their transporters in rat cerebellum. Modulation by extracellular cGMP

(2019) Andrea Cabrera-Pastor et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

An engineered E. coli Nissle improves hyperammonemia and survival in mice and shows dose-dependent exposure in healthy humans

(2019) Caroline B. Kurtz et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Fecal microbiota from patients with cirrhosis has a low capacity to ferment non‐digestible carbohydrates into short chain fatty acids

(2019) Mingliang Jin et al.   LIVER INTERNATIONAL

Glutamatergic Signaling Along The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

(2019) Andreina Baj et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Kinetic deterioration of short memory in rat with acute hepatic encephalopathy: involvement of astroglial and neuronal dysfunctions

(2019) Abdelaati El Khiat et al.   BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH

Peripheral inflammation induces neuroinflammation that alters neurotransmission and cognitive and motor function in hepatic encephalopathy: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications

(2019) Andrea Cabrera‐Pastor et al.   Acta Physiologica

Ammonium induced dysfunction of 5-HT2B receptor in astrocytes

(2019) Tingting Yue et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

Cerebellar inhibition in hepatic encephalopathy

(2019) Shady Safwat Hassan et al.   CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

Circulating levels of butyrate are inversely related to portal hypertension, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation in patients with cirrhosis

(2019) Oriol Juanola et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Neuroinflammation in Murine Cirrhosis is Dependent on the Gut Microbiome and is Attenuated by Fecal Transplant

(2019) Runping Liu et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Bacteroides in colonic mucosa-associated microbiota affects the development of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis

(2019) Masafumi Haraguchi et al.   Hepatology International

Hippocampal atrophy and functional connectivity disruption in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy

(2019) Weiwen Lin et al.   METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE

Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health

(2019) Kaitlyn Oliphant et al.   Microbiome

Lactulose Improves Cognition, Quality of Life and Gut Microbiota in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Multi‐Center, Randomized Controlled Trial

(2019) Ji Yao Wang et al.   Journal of Digestive Diseases

Selective improvement by rifaximin of changes in the immunophenotype in patients who improve minimal hepatic encephalopathy

(2019) Alba Mangas-Losada et al.   Journal of Translational Medicine

Hepatic Encephalopathy Is Reversible in the Long Term After Liver Transplantation

(2019) Anna‐Elisabeth Hopp et al.   LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

The gut-liver axis in liver disease: pathophysiological basis for therapy

(2019) Agustín Albillos et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Gut-liver axis signaling in portal hypertension

(2019) Benedikt Simbrunner et al.   WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Dietary tryptophan links encephalogenicity of autoreactive T cells with gut microbial ecology

(2019) Jana K. Sonner et al.   Nature Communications

Oral selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors activate vagus nerve dependent gut-brain signalling

(2019) Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld et al.   Scientific Reports

Gut bacteria interaction with vagal afferents

(2018) Carolina R. Cawthon et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Imaging the Role of Inflammation in Mood and Anxiety-related Disorders

(2018) Jennifer C. Felger   Current Neuropharmacology

Gut microbiota regulates maturation of the adult enteric nervous system via enteric serotonin networks

(2018) Filipe De Vadder et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Combining amplicon sequencing and metabolomics in cirrhotic patients highlights distinctive microbiota features involved in bacterial translocation, systemic inflammation and hepatic encephalopathy

(2018) Valerio Iebba et al.   Scientific Reports

The Vagus Nerve at the Interface of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

(2018) Bruno Bonaz et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Roles of Glutamate and Glutamine Transport in Ammonia Neurotoxicity: State of the Art and Question Marks

(2018) Katarzyna Dabrowska et al.   Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets

Microbiome–host systems interactions: protective effects of propionate upon the blood–brain barrier

(2018) Lesley Hoyles et al.   Microbiome

Impaired brain glymphatic flow in experimental hepatic encephalopathy

(2018) Anna Hadjihambi et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Altered temporal variance and functional connectivity of BOLD signal is associated with state anxiety during acute systemic inflammation

(2018) Franziska Labrenz et al.   NEUROIMAGE

Fast changes of NMDA and AMPA receptor activity under acute hyperammonemia in vitro

(2018) Artem M. Kosenkov et al.   NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS

The Cerebellum of Patients with Steatohepatitis Shows Lymphocyte Infiltration, Microglial Activation and Loss of Purkinje and Granular Neurons

(2018) Tiziano Balzano et al.   Scientific Reports

Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abundance and GABAA receptor expression

(2018) Huimin Chen et al.   Journal of Ginseng Research

Hepatic encephalopathy 2018: A clinical practice guideline by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF)

(2018) Sara Montagnese et al.   DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE

Hepatic encephalopathy: Another brick in the wall

(2018) Nicolas Weiss et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Probiotics and Prebiotics as a Therapeutic Strategy to Improve Memory in a Model of Middle-Aged Rats

(2018) Alejandra Romo-Araiza et al.   Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

GABA-modulating bacteria of the human gut microbiota

(2018) Philip Strandwitz et al.   Nature Microbiology

Dysregulated bile acid signaling contributes to the neurological impairment in murine models of acute and chronic liver failure

(2018) Guoxiang Xie et al.   EBioMedicine

Ammonia mediates cortical hemichannel dysfunction in rodent models of chronic liver disease

(2017) Anna Hadjihambi et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: A randomized clinical trial

(2017) Jasmohan S. Bajaj et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Interactions between gut bacteria and bile in health and disease

(2017) Sarah L. Long et al.   MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Is Exacerbated in Experimental Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy via MMP-9 Activation and Downregulation of Tight Junction Proteins

(2017) Saurabh Dhanda et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Rifaximin ameliorates hepatic encephalopathy and endotoxemia without affecting the gut microbiome diversity

(2017) Kosuke Kaji et al.   WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Fecal microbiota transplantation prevents hepatic encephalopathy in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic dysfunction

(2017) Wei-Wei Wang et al.   WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Bile Acid-Mediated Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Signaling Promotes Neuroinflammation during Hepatic Encephalopathy in Mice

(2017) Matthew McMillin et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with expansion and activation of CD4+CD28−, Th22 and Tfh and B lymphocytes

(2017) Alba Mangas-Losada et al.   Scientific Reports

Bile Acid Signaling Pathways from the Enterohepatic Circulation to the Central Nervous System

(2017) Kim L. Mertens et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Modified Mediterranean Diet for Enrichment of Short Chain Fatty Acids: Potential Adjunctive Therapeutic to Target Immune and Metabolic Dysfunction in Schizophrenia?

(2017) Jamie Joseph et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

A critical assessment of the “sterile womb” and “in utero colonization” hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome

(2017) Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz et al.   Microbiome

TNFα induced up-regulation of Na+,K+,2Cl− cotransporter NKCC1 in hepatic ammonia clearance and cerebral ammonia toxicity

(2017) Vitaly I. Pozdeev et al.   Scientific Reports

Randomised clinical trial: the effects of a multispecies probiotic vs. placebo on innate immune function, bacterial translocation and gut permeability in patients with cirrhosis

(2016) A. Horvath et al.   ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Bile Acid Signaling Is Involved in the Neurological Decline in a Murine Model of Acute Liver Failure

(2016) Matthew McMillin et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

GABA production and structure of gadB / gadC genes in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains from human microbiota

(2016) R.A. Yunes et al.   ANAEROBE

Early-life exercise may promote lasting brain and metabolic health through gut bacterial metabolites

(2016) Agnieszka Mika et al.   IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY

The role of bile acids in metabolic regulation

(2016) Libor Vítek et al.   JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY

Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics highlights dysregulation of energy metabolism in overt hepatic encephalopathy

(2016) Nicolas Weiss et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Gut microbiota and central nervous system development

(2016) Nicola Principi et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Hyperammonemia induces glial activation, neuroinflammation and alters neurotransmitter receptors in hippocampus, impairing spatial learning: reversal by sulforaphane

(2016) Vicente Hernández-Rabaza et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Ammonia Attenuates LPS-Induced Upregulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine mRNA in Co-Cultured Astrocytes and Microglia

(2016) Ayse Karababa et al.   NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH

The neuropharmacology of butyrate: The bread and butter of the microbiota-gut-brain axis?

(2016) Roman M. Stilling et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

Hepatic Encephalopathy

(2016) Eelco F.M. Wijdicks   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

The maternal microbiota drives early postnatal innate immune development

(2016) M. Gomez de Aguero et al.   SCIENCE

Impaired Gut-Liver-Brain Axis in Patients with Cirrhosis

(2016) Vishwadeep Ahluwalia et al.   Scientific Reports

Role of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitters in behavioral alterations observed in rodent model of hepatic encephalopathy

(2015) Saurabh Dhanda et al.   BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH

Indigenous Bacteria from the Gut Microbiota Regulate Host Serotonin Biosynthesis

(2015) Jessica M. Yano et al.   CELL

Engineering the gut microbiota to treat hyperammonemia

(2015) Ting-Chin David Shen et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Lipopolysaccharide-induced blood-brain barrier disruption: roles of cyclooxygenase, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and elements of the neurovascular unit

(2015) William A. Banks et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS

(2015) Daniel Erny et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Lactulose enhances neuroplasticity to improve cognitive function in early hepatic encephalopathy

(2015) Yan-yong Liu et al.   Neural Regeneration Research

Inflammation: A novel target of current therapies for hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis

(2015) Ming Luo   WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Glutamatergic Transmission: A Matter of Three

(2015) Zila Martínez-Lozada et al.   NEURAL PLASTICITY

Review article: depression and the use of antidepressants in patients with chronic liver disease or liver transplantation

(2014) B. H. Mullish et al.   ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Bile acids permeabilize the blood brain barrier after bile duct ligation in rats via Rac1-dependent mechanisms

(2014) Matthew Quinn et al.   DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE

The bile acid TGR5 membrane receptor: From basic research to clinical application

(2014) Henri Duboc et al.   DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE

Effect of probiotic VSL#3 in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial

(2014) Venigalla Pratap Mouli et al.   HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH

Deciphering the tête-à-tête between the microbiota and the immune system

(2014) Neeraj K. Surana et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Hyperammonemia enhances the function and expression of P-glycoprotein and Mrp2 at the blood-brain barrier through NF-κB

(2014) Ji Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis

(2014) Nan Qin et al.   NATURE

Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain reduces anxiety and improves cognitive function in the hyperammonemia rat

(2014) Jia Luo et al.   Science China-Life Sciences

The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice

(2014) V. Braniste et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Gut ecosystem: how microbes help us

(2014) R. Martín et al.   Beneficial Microbes

Large-Scale Survey of Gut Microbiota Associated With MHE Via 16S rRNA-Based Pyrosequencing

(2013) Zhigang Zhang et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Neurotransmitter receptor alterations in hepatic encephalopathy: A review

(2013) Nicola Palomero-Gallagher et al.   ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS

Probiotics Prevent Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

(2013) Manish Kumar Lunia et al.   Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Lactobacillus reuteri-Specific Immunoregulatory Gene rsiR Modulates Histamine Production and Immunomodulation by Lactobacillus reuteri

(2013) P. Hemarajata et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Modulation of the fecal bile acid profile by gut microbiota in cirrhosis

(2013) Genta Kakiyama et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Lipopolysaccharide precipitates hepatic encephalopathy and increases blood-brain barrier permeability in mice with acute liver failure

(2013) Anne Chastre et al.   LIVER INTERNATIONAL

Antibiotics for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

(2013) Kavish R. Patidar et al.   METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE

Blocking NMDA Receptors Delays Death in Rats with Acute Liver Failure by Dual Protective Mechanisms in Kidney and Brain

(2013) Omar Cauli et al.   NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE

Is butyrate the link between diet, intestinal microbiota and obesity-related metabolic diseases?

(2013) L. K. Brahe et al.   Obesity Reviews

Ammonia-Lowering Strategies for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy

(2012) C F Rose   CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Neuroinflammation: A Common Pathway in CNS Diseases as Mediated at the Blood-Brain Barrier

(2012) Michelle A. Erickson et al.   NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION

Cerebral microglial activation in patients with hepatitis c: in vivo evidence of neuroinflammation

(2011) V. P. B. Grover et al.   JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS

Contribution of hyperammonemia and inflammatory factors to cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy

(2011) Vicente Felipo et al.   METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE

Alterations of Blood Brain Barrier Function in Hyperammonemia: An Overview

(2011) Marta Skowrońska et al.   NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH

SCFAs Induce Mouse Neutrophil Chemotaxis through the GPR43 Receptor

(2011) Marco A. R. Vinolo et al.   PLoS One

Cannabidiol ameliorates cognitive and motor impairments in bile-duct ligated mice via 5-HT1A receptor activation

(2010) I Magen et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Evidence of Persistent Cognitive Impairment After Resolution of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy

(2010) Oliviero Riggio et al.   Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Hyperammonemia Induces Neuroinflammation That Contributes to Cognitive Impairment in Rats With Hepatic Encephalopathy

(2010) Regina Rodrigo et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Interorgan ammonia metabolism in liver failure: the basis of current and future therapies

(2010) Gavin Wright et al.   LIVER INTERNATIONAL

Hyperammonemia Increases GABAergic Tone in the Cerebellum but Decreases It in the Rat Cortex

(2009) Omar Cauli et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 Differentially Modulate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption through Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity

(2009) Saba Aid et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

152 ACUTE LIVER FAILURE-INDUCED DEATH OF RATS IS DELAYED OR PREVENTED BY BLOCKING NMDA RECEPTORS IN BRAIN

(2009) O. Cauli et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Cerebral Microglia Recruit Monocytes into the Brain in Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor  Signaling during Peripheral Organ Inflammation

(2009) C. D'Mello et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43

(2009) Kendle M. Maslowski et al.   NATURE

Management options for minimal hepatic encephalopathy

(2009) Jasmohan S Bajaj   Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Control of acute, chronic, and constitutive hyperammonemia by wild-type and genetically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum in rodents

(2008) Charles Nicaise et al.   HEPATOLOGY

From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain

(2007) Robert Dantzer et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE