Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Motohiro Okada
Summary: ADSHE, caused by CHNRA4 mutation, is a genetic epilepsy where mutant molecules play important roles in epileptogenesis/ictogenesis. Research involving experimental models has revealed the pathomechanisms of ADSHE, proposing a hypothesis associated with tripartite synaptic transmission induced by mutant ACh receptors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mar Gil, Mikel Azkargorta, Carla Fuster, Maria Martinez-Gomez, Imma Raurell, Aurora Barbera, Juan Manuel Pericas, Diana Hide, Felix Elortza, Joan Genesca, Maria Martell
Summary: This study investigated the molecular profile changes of dysfunctional liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) in different pathological scenarios using flow cytometry and proteomics analysis. The expression of proteins in LSEC from disease models showed significant differences compared to control LSEC, with CD32b(-) LSEC showing more pronounced differences. The findings suggest that LSEC in liver disease models have distinct protein expression patterns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hiroki Nishikawa, Akira Asai, Shinya Fukunishi
Summary: Zinc is an essential trace element for the maintenance of life. Zinc deficiency in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is closely related to liver fibrosis, liver carcinogenesis, and muscle wastage.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Guanghui Zang, Xv Sun, Yufeng Sun, Yan Zhao, Yang Dong, Kun Pang, Ping Cheng, Meng Wang, Yuli Zheng
Summary: Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, causing liver dysfunction. The prevalence of CLDs in China is estimated to exceed 447 million, including chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, and cirrhosis. CLDs often result in abnormalities in the metabolism of sex hormones, glucose, and lipids, as well as mental and psychological illnesses, which are significant risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED). The prevalence of ED in male patients with CLDs ranges from 24.6% to 85.0%. Liver transplantation may improve the erectile function of CLDs patients with ED, indicating a link between CLDs and ED.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Corinne E. Metzger, Elizabeth A. Swallow, Alexander J. Stacy, Samantha P. Tippen, Max A. Hammond, Neal X. Chen, Sharon M. Moe, Matthew R. Allen
Summary: The study found that Ca-H2O supplementation can reduce PTH and cortical porosity, leading to cortical pore infilling and mechanical benefits, but it is not suitable as a clinical treatment for CKD. Further research is needed to explore effective therapeutic methods for net pore infilling in CKD.
Article
Neurosciences
Paola Imbriani, Giuseppina Martella, Paola Bonsi, Antonio Pisani
Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder with genetic and environmental factors playing a part. Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are important mechanisms in PD, supported by PD-associated genes involved in mitochondrial function. Dysfunction of mitochondria is closely linked to synaptic dysfunction, which is an early event before nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in PD.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shahreedhan Shahrani, Sandeep Singh Gill, Choong Yeong Sooi, Ruben Skantha, C. Vikneshwaran Chandra Kumar, Mohd Fairul Limun, Nik Arsyad Nik Muhamad Affendi, Kee Huat Chuah, Stanley Khoo, Ruveena Bhavani Rajaram, Wah Kheong Chan, Sanjiv Mahadeva
Summary: This study found that hepatic steatosis is common in chronic liver disease, regardless of etiology. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are the most common causes of steatosis. NAFLD has also become the leading cause of advanced fibrosis.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Luana Naia, Philip Ly, Sandra I. Mota, Carla Lopes, Carina Maranga, Patricia Coelho, Noga Gershoni-Emek, Maria Ankarcrona, Michal Geva, Michael R. Hayden, A. Cristina Rego
Summary: Pridopidine is a selective Sigma-1 receptor agonist being developed for Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It enhances mitochondrial function by improving activity, elongation, and motility, leading to neuroprotective effects in HD models. Pridopidine also reduces ROS levels and restores antioxidant response in various HD models, showing potential therapeutic benefits.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Silvia Espina, Diego Casas-Deza, Vanesa Bernal-Monterde, Maria Jose Domper-Arnal, Sandra Garcia-Mateo, Alberto Lue
Summary: Liver diseases can lead to malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty. These complications have a significant impact on clinical outcomes and quality of life. Assessing and maintaining nutritional status is essential for the management of liver disease, and special considerations are needed in some specific cases.
Article
Biology
Bayan Abdulhafid Aljahdali, Adnan Salem Bajaber, Doha M. M. Al-Nouri, Abdulrahman Saleh Al-Khalifah, Shaista Arzoo, Abeer Abdullah Alasmari
Summary: This study examined the effects of different high-fat diets and high-carbohydrate diets on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in rats. The results showed that saturated fat and cholesterol were the main factors in the development of fatty liver disease, while fiber had the greatest improvement in glycemic control.
Article
Cell Biology
Irene Jimenez-Salvador, Patricia Meade, Eldris Iglesias, Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy, Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
Summary: Numerous pesticides inhibit the oxidative phosphorylation system and can adversely affect neurogenesis and the development of the central nervous system, increasing the risk of Parkinson's disease. Different rodent models have been used to confirm this hypothesis, but careful consideration of factors such as strain selection, xenobiotic properties, administration methods, and timing of analysis is necessary to obtain reliable results that closely resemble the human clinical condition.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiahao Lin, Bingting Bao, Nigar Anjuman Khurram, Kasey Halsey, Ji Whae Choi, Lesan Wang, Thi My Linh Tran, Wei-Hua Liao, Michael D. Feldman, Paul J. Zhang, Jing Wu, Harrison X. Bai
Summary: Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) did not show a higher risk of liver injury or critical/fatal outcomes compared to those without CLD in COVID-19. CLD was not a significant comorbidity for COVID-19.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eva Gijbels, Alanah Pieters, Kevin De Muynck, Mathieu Vinken, Lindsey Devisscher
Summary: Cholestatic liver disease is characterized by impaired bile flow and accumulation of toxic bile acids in the liver or systemic circulation. It can be classified into different types based on clinical phenotype, and researchers have made significant efforts to elucidate its underlying mechanisms using appropriate animal models.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Deok-Gie Kim, Shin Hwang, Jong Man Kim, Je Ho Ryu, Young Kyoung You, Donglak Choi, Bong-Wan Kim, Dong-Sik Kim, Yang Won Nah, Tae-Seok Kim, Jai Young Cho, Geun Hong, Jae Do Yang, Jaryung Han, Suk-Won Suh, Kwan Woo Kim, Yun Kyung Jung, Ju Ik Moon, Jun Young Lee, Sung Hwa Kim, Jae Geun Lee, Myoung Soo Kim, Kwang-Woong Lee, Dong Jin Joo
Summary: This study identified pre- and post-transplant non-renal risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) following liver transplants. Age, gender, body mass index, pre-transplant diabetes, and performance status were found to be baseline risk factors for CKD. Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and infection were identified as significant post-transplant risk factors for CKD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Yafei Rao, Xiaoyan Gai, Jing Xiong, Yanqing Le, Yongchang Sun
Summary: TRPV4 channel mediates pyroptosis in AECs via NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway in COPD, and inhibition of TRPV4 function may alleviate CSE-induced AEC pyroptosis and mitochondrial damage.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Anna Hadjihambi
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) through shared genes and pathological mechanisms, with changes in vasculature, cerebral perfusion, and waste clearance potentially serving as key connections between the two diseases in addition to traditional factors.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patrick S. Hosford, Jack A. Wells, Shereen Nizari, Isabel N. Christie, Shefeeq M. Theparambil, Pablo A. Castro, Anna Hadjihambi, L. Felipe Barros, Ivan Ruminot, Mark F. Lythgoe, Alexander Gourine
Summary: The study indicates that CO2 plays a crucial role in regulating neurovascular coupling by mediating signaling between neurons and cerebral blood vessels to adjust local brain blood flow based on neuronal activity. The neurovascular coupling mechanism ensures an adequate energy supply for the brain to meet demands.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Hadjihambi, Christos Konstantinou, Jan Klohs, Katia Monsorno, Adrien Le Guennec, Chris Donnelly, I. Jane Cox, Anjali Kusumbe, Patrick S. Hosford, Ugo Soffientini, Salvatore Lecca, Manuel Mameli, Rajiv Jalan, Rosa Chiara Paolicelli, Luc Pellerin
Summary: This study investigates the effects of NAFLD on cognition, behavior, and cerebral physiology using a diet-induced NAFLD model. The study suggests that NAFLD is associated with anxiety and depression-related behavior, brain tissue hypoxia, and metabolic alterations in microglial and astrocytic cells. The study also highlights the protective effect of Mct1 haploinsufficiency against NAFLD and associated brain dysfunction.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anne Catrine Daugaard Mikkelsen, Karen Louise Thomsen, Rajeshwar Prosad Mookerjee, Anna Hadjihambi
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of chronic liver disease, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving peripheral and brain inflammation as well as blood flow abnormalities. Non-invasive assessments of neurophysiological parameters and inflammatory/metabolic pathways can provide insights into these mechanisms and help identify new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Hadjihambi, Luc Pellerin
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Renato W. Martins Sa, Shefeeq M. Theparambil, Karoline Martins dos Santos, Isabel N. Christie, Nephtali Marina, Barbara V. Cardoso, Patrick S. Hosford, Vagner R. Antunes
Summary: In this study, the authors aimed to determine the source of ATP that drives osmotically-induced increases in sympathetic outflow. They found that salt loading stimulated the release of ATP in the PVN, primarily from glial cells through a vesicle-mediated route. This finding provides insight into the neural control of circulation during osmotic challenges.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Hadjihambi, Rallia-Iliana Velliou, Panagiotis Tsialios, Aigli-Ioanna Legaki, Antonios Chatzigeorgiou, Maritina G. Rouchota
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health issue, and the lack of effective treatments and inadequate characterization methods hinder its diagnosis, monitoring, and potential therapies. This study utilized in vivo micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques to non-invasively assess the progression stages of NAFLD in a diet-induced mouse model, focusing on the hepatic vascular network. This imaging method allows for longitudinal analysis of liver steatosis, tissue uptake, relative blood volume, portal vein diameter, and vascular network density, potentially improving NAFLD research and preclinical modeling for novel therapies.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Patrick S. Hosford, Rajiv Jalan, Anna Hadjihambi
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katarzyna Pierzchala, Anna Hadjihambi, Jessie Mosso, Rajiv Jalan, Christopher F. F. Rose, Cristina Cudalbu
Summary: Brain edema is a common feature of hepatic encephalopathy, but its role as a cause or consequence of the condition is still debated. Type A and type C hepatic encephalopathy have different manifestations of brain edema. This review revisits the central role of brain edema in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and provides an in-depth analysis of the techniques used to measure brain edema and the findings from various studies.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Karen Louise Thomsen, Peter Lykke Eriksen, Annarein J. C. Kerbert, Francesco De Chiara, Rajiv Jalan, Hendrik Vilstrup
Summary: The mechanism behind non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well understood, hindering therapeutic progress. This review highlights the importance of decreased urea cycle activity as a pathogenesis of NAFLD. Dysfunction in the urea cycle leads to the accumulation of ammonia, causing inflammation and fibrogenesis in the liver. In addition, high ammonia levels have negative effects on other organs, leading to cognitive disturbances, sarcopenia, compromised immune function, and increased risk of liver cancer. The ability of ammonia-lowering strategies in controlling NAFLD symptoms and preventing disease progression should be explored in clinical trials.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Berkan Lafci, Anna Hadjihambi, Madita Determann, Christos Konstantinou, Clara Freijo, Joaquin L. Herraiz, Sena Bluemel, Luc Pellerin, Neal C. Burton, Xose Luis Dean-Ben, Daniel Razansky
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of conditions associated with fat deposition and damage to liver tissue. Early detection of fat accumulation is crucial in preventing the progression of NAFLD to serious stages such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The study used transmission-reflection optoacoustic ultrasound (TROPUS) to assess NAFLD in mice, providing spectroscopic differentiation of lipid content and mapping of speed of sound changes in lipid-rich regions.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexandra Phillips, Qianwen Zhao, Abeba Habtesion, Fausto Andreola, Nathan Davies, Lindsey A. Edwards, Jane Macnaughtan, Rajiv Jalan
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Hadjihambi, Cristina Cudalbu, Katarzyna Pierzchala, Dunja Simicic, Chris Donnelly, Christos Konstantinou, Nathan Davies, Abeba Habtesion, Alexander V. Gourine, Rajiv Jalan, Patrick S. Hosford
Summary: This study found that hyperammonemia significantly reduces cortical oxygenation, potentially compromising brain energy metabolism. These findings have potential clinical implications for the treatment of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy.