Body fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: how far we have come and how they could affect the clinic now and in the future

Jean-Martin Charcot, father of modern neurology: an homage 120 years after his death

(2014) Marleide da Mota Gomes et al.   ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA

The use of cytokine signature patterns: separating drug naïve, interferon and natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients

(2014) Kara E. O'Connell et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY

Revised diagnostic criteria of multiple sclerosis

(2014) Ron Milo et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

Intrathecal somatic hypermutation of IgM in multiple sclerosis and neuroinflammation

(2014) Eduardo Beltrán et al.   BRAIN

The presence of oligoclonal IgG bands in human CSF during the course of neurological diseases

(2014) M. Haertle et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

KIR4.1: another misleading expectation in multiple sclerosis?

(2014) Massimo Filippi et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Investigation of the KIR4.1 potassium channel as a putative antigen in patients with multiple sclerosis: a comparative study

(2014) Adipong Brickshawana et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Lack of confirmation of anti-inward rectifying potassium channel 4.1 antibodies as reliable markers of multiple sclerosis

(2014) Elodie Nerrant et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Active and progressive: A new duality of MS classification

(2014) A. H. Cross et al.   NEUROLOGY

Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: The 2013 revisions

(2014) F. D. Lublin et al.   NEUROLOGY

Role of statins in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

(2014) Rosella Ciurleo et al.   PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Microwave & Magnetic (M2) Proteomics Reveals CNS-Specific Protein Expression Waves that Precede Clinical Symptoms of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

(2014) Itay Raphael et al.   Scientific Reports

Neurofilament light and heavy subunits compared as therapeutic biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

(2013) J. Kuhle et al.   ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA

Potential diagnostic applications of side chain oxysterols analysis in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid

(2013) Valerio Leoni et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Molecular Profiling of Glatiramer Acetate Early Treatment Effects in Multiple Sclerosis

(2013) Anat Achiron et al.   DISEASE MARKERS

Clinical, MRI, and CSF Markers of Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

(2013) Alberto Gajofatto et al.   DISEASE MARKERS

MicroRNA: key gene expression regulators

(2013) Juan Manuel Moreno-Moya et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Expression and Genetic Analysis of MicroRNAs Involved in Multiple Sclerosis

(2013) Elisa Ridolfi et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Clinical predictors of an optimal response to natalizumab in multiple sclerosis

(2013) João Sargento-Freitas et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE

Blood—Brain Barrier Disruption is More Severe in Neuromyelitis Optica than in Multiple Sclerosis and Correlates with Clinical Disability

(2013) Y Tomizawa et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH

Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndromes: a meta-analysis of prevalence, prognosis and effect of latitude

(2013) R. Dobson et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

CXCL13 is a biomarker of inflammation in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and other neurological conditions

(2013) Enrique Alvarez et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Decreased circulating miRNA levels in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis

(2013) Chiara Fenoglio et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

A comparative study of CSF neurofilament light and heavy chain protein in MS

(2013) Jens Kuhle et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

The utility of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with multiple sclerosis

(2013) Martin Stangel et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Ten years of proteomics in multiple sclerosis

(2013) Alessandro S. Farias et al.   PROTEOMICS

Interleukin 17F Level and Interferon Beta Response in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

(2013) Hans-Peter Hartung et al.   JAMA Neurology

MicroRNAs as biomarkers for CNS disease

(2013) Pooja Rao et al.   Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Cerebrospinal Fluid Myelin Basic Protein Is Frequently Ordered but Has Little Value

(2012) Dina N. Greene et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

microRNA Regulation of Inflammatory Responses

(2012) Ryan M. O'Connell et al.   Annual Review of Immunology

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker supported diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and rapid dementias: a longitudinal multicentre study over 10 years

(2012) Katharina Stoeck et al.   BRAIN

Role of S100B protein in urine and serum as an early predictor of mortality after severe traumatic brain injury in adults

(2012) Ana Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al.   CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA

Altered microRNA expression in B lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis

(2012) Claudia Sievers et al.   CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Immunoenrichment microwave and magnetic proteomics for quantifying CD47 in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis

(2012) Swetha Mahesula et al.   ELECTROPHORESIS

Microwave and magnetic (M2) proteomics of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model of multiple sclerosis

(2012) Itay Raphael et al.   ELECTROPHORESIS

Serum level of interleukin-6 in Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis

(2012) Ying-Chun Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-23 and IL-17 in Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis

(2012) Ying-Chun Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Transcriptomics: mRNA and alternative splicing

(2012) Alex Sánchez-Pla et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Lipids and lipid-reactive antibodies as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis

(2012) Francisco J. Quintana et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Cellular sources of dysregulated cytokines in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

(2012) Jeppe Romme Christensen et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Circulating microRNAs involved in multiple sclerosis

(2012) Sue Rutherford Siegel et al.   MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS

Increased plasma 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha- VI levels in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients are not predictive of disease progression

(2012) CE Teunissen et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Serum levels of IL-17A in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis treated with interferon-β

(2012) Rodica Bălaşa et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

CSF inflammation and axonal damage are increased and correlate in progressive multiple sclerosis

(2012) Jeppe Romme Christensen et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Epstein–Barr virus neutralizing antibody levels and risk of multiple sclerosis

(2012) Kelly Claire Simon et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Isoprostanes in clinically isolated syndrome and early multiple sclerosis as biomarkers of tissue damage and predictors of clinical course

(2012) Emilia Sbardella et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Increased CSF Concentrations of Myelin Basic Protein After TBI in Infants and Children: Absence of Significant Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia

(2012) E. Su et al.   Neurocritical Care

Regulated microRNAs in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study

(2012) A. Haghikia et al.   NEUROLOGY

Potassium Channel KIR4.1 as an Immune Target in Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Rajneesh Srivastava et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Measles IgG Antibody Index Correlates with T2 Lesion Load on MRI in Patients with Early Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Berit Rosche et al.   PLoS One

Cerebrospinal Fluid IL-12p40, CXCL13 and IL-8 as a Combinatorial Biomarker of Active Intrathecal Inflammation

(2012) Bibiana Bielekova et al.   PLoS One

Total-tau in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis decreases in secondary progressive stage of disease and reflects degree of brain atrophy

(2012) Jacek Jaworski et al.   UPSALA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

Revised McDonald criteria: The persisting importance of cerebrospinal fluid analysis

(2011) Hayrettin Tumani et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 Revisions to the McDonald criteria

(2011) Chris H. Polman et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

MicroRNAs in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2011) Madhan Thamilarasan et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

Micro-RNA dysregulation in multiple sclerosis favours pro-inflammatory T-cell-mediated autoimmunity

(2011) Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano et al.   BRAIN

Oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis lesions

(2011) L. Haider et al.   BRAIN

Oxysterols as biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases

(2011) Valerio Leoni et al.   CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS

The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model for proteomic biomarker studies: From rat to human

(2011) Therese Rosenling et al.   CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA

Are Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Useful in Predicting the Prognosis of Multiple Sclerosis Patients?

(2011) Alberto Gajofatto et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Effect of microRNA-34a in cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis: A review

(2011) Fei Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY

Disease-associated inflammatory biomarker profiles in blood in different subtypes of multiple sclerosis: Prospective clinical and MRI follow-up study

(2011) Sanna Hagman et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Serum lipid profiles are associated with disability and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis

(2011) Bianca Weinstock-Guttman et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Lipidomic investigations for the characterization of circulating serum lipids in multiple sclerosis

(2011) Piero Del Boccio et al.   Journal of Proteomics

CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: current utility and potential future use

(2011) David M. Holtzman   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

The Level of Isoprostanes as a Non-invasive Marker for in vivo Lipid Peroxidation in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

(2011) Elżbieta Miller et al.   NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH

Neurofilament heavy chain in CSF correlates with relapses and disability in multiple sclerosis

(2011) J. Kuhle et al.   NEUROLOGY

Genetic-based biomarkers and next-generation sequencing: the future of personalized care in colorectal cancer

(2011) Rebecca Y Kim et al.   Personalized Medicine

Erratum: Network analysis of transcriptional regulation in response to intramuscular interferon-β-1a multiple sclerosis treatment

(2011) M Hecker et al.   PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL

MicroRNA in central nervous system trauma and degenerative disorders

(2011) Nai-Kui Liu et al.   PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS

Reassessment of Blood Gene Expression Markers for the Prognosis of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

(2011) Michael Hecker et al.   PLoS One

Development of biomarkers for multiple sclerosis as a neurodegenerative disorder

(2011) Ulf Ziemann et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

GFAP in health and disease

(2011) J. Middeldorp et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

IL-17 receptor signaling and T helper 17-mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease

(2011) Jarod Zepp et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

High prevalence of anti-α-crystallin antibodies in multiple sclerosis: correlation with severity and activity of disease

(2010) M. A. Agius et al.   ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA

Evidence for acute neurotoxicity after chemotherapy

(2010) Axel Petzold et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Axonal damage in relapsing multiple sclerosis is markedly reduced by natalizumab

(2010) Martin Gunnarsson et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Time course transcriptomics of IFNB1b drug therapy in multiple sclerosis

(2010) P. Serrano-Fernández et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY

Upper-Respiratory Viral Infection, Biomarkers, and COPD Exacerbations

(2010) Omar Kherad et al.   CHEST

High avidity cytokine autoantibodies in health and disease: Pathogenesis and mechanisms

(2010) Masato Watanabe et al.   CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS

Altered expression of miR-17-5p in CD4+lymphocytes of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients

(2010) Raija L. P. Lindberg et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Genetic variation in the IL7RA/IL7 pathway increases multiple sclerosis susceptibility

(2010) Rebecca L. Zuvich et al.   HUMAN GENETICS

Imaging biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

(2010) M. Filippi et al.   JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

A unique antibody gene signature is prevalent in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis

(2010) A.J. Ligocki et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Differences in exon expression and alternatively spliced genes in blood of multiple sclerosis compared to healthy control subjects

(2010) Yingfang Tian et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Oligoclonal bands and MRI in clinically isolated syndromes: predicting conversion time to multiple sclerosis

(2010) Rojas Juan Ignacio et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Glial fibrillary acidic protein: a potential biomarker for progression in multiple sclerosis

(2010) M. Axelsson et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Composite MRI scores improve correlation with EDSS in multiple sclerosis

(2010) AH Poonawalla et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

T helper type 1 and 17 cells determine efficacy of interferon-β in multiple sclerosis and experimental encephalomyelitis

(2010) Robert C Axtell et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Oligoclonal bands still yield clues about multiple sclerosis

(2010) Anne H. Cross et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Long-term follow-up of clinical trials of multiple sclerosis therapies

(2010) M. S. Freedman   NEUROLOGY

Astrocytic damage is far more severe than demyelination in NMO: A clinical CSF biomarker study

(2010) R. Takano et al.   NEUROLOGY

Long-term genome-wide blood RNA expression profiles yield novel molecular response candidates for IFN-β-1b treatment in relapsing remitting MS

(2010) Robert H Goertsches et al.   PHARMACOGENOMICS

Network analysis of transcriptional regulation in response to intramuscular interferon-β-1a multiple sclerosis treatment

(2010) M Hecker et al.   PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL

MicroRNAs miR-17 and miR-20a Inhibit T Cell Activation Genes and Are Under-Expressed in MS Whole Blood

(2010) Mathew B. Cox et al.   PLoS One

Antibodies produced by clonally expanded plasma cells in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid

(2009) Gregory P. Owens et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

The challenge of multiple sclerosis: How do we cure a chronic heterogeneous disease?

(2009) Howard L. Weiner   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Epstein–Barr virus infection is not a characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis brain

(2009) Simon N. Willis et al.   BRAIN

MicroRNA profiling of multiple sclerosis lesions identifies modulators of the regulatory protein CD47

(2009) Andreas Junker et al.   BRAIN

Multiple sclerosis patients with anti-lipid oligoclonal IgM show early favourable response to immunomodulatory treatment

(2009) N. García-Barragán et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

MS and clinically isolated syndromes: Shared specificity but diverging clonal patterns of virus-specific IgG antibodies producedin vivoand by CSF B cellsin vitro

(2009) G. Skorstad et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

The effects of natalizumab on inflammatory mediators in multiple sclerosis: prospects for treatment-sensitive biomarkers

(2009) M. Khademi et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Potential of a unique antibody gene signature to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis☆

(2009) Elizabeth M. Cameron et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Serum levels of CXCL13 are elevated in active multiple sclerosis

(2009) Eugene D Festa et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

MicroRNA miR-326 regulates TH-17 differentiation and is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

(2009) Changsheng Du et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Toll-like receptor 2 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 promote central nervous system neuroinflammation in progressive EAE

(2009) Mauricio F Farez et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Myelin-specific T cells also recognize neuronal autoantigen in a transgenic mouse model of multiple sclerosis

(2009) Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Predicting responders to therapies for multiple sclerosis

(2009) Jordi Río et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Gene expression profiling in multiple sclerosis: A disease of the central nervous system, but with relapses triggered in the periphery?

(2009) Boel Brynedal et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Combination of CSF N-acetylaspartate and neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis

(2009) C. E. Teunissen et al.   NEUROLOGY

Differential Micro RNA Expression in PBMC from Multiple Sclerosis Patients

(2009) David Otaegui et al.   PLoS One

IgG Antibodies against Measles, Rubella, and Varicella Zoster Virus Predict Conversion to Multiple Sclerosis in Clinically Isolated Syndrome

(2009) Johannes Brettschneider et al.   PLoS One

Multiple Sclerosis: MicroRNA Expression Profiles Accurately Differentiate Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Disease from Healthy Controls

(2009) Andreas Keller et al.   PLoS One

Oxysterols as markers of neurological disease – a review

(2009) Valerio Leoni   SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

The application of proteomics technology to thrombosis research: the identification of potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease

(2008) Joanna-Marie Howes et al.   Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research

Autoantibodies to myelin basic protein (MBP) in healthy individuals and in patients with multiple sclerosis: a role in regulating cytokine responses to MBP

(2008) Chris J. Hedegaard et al.   IMMUNOLOGY

Systems biology approaches for the study of multiple sclerosis

(2008) Francisco J. Quintana et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE

CSF B – lymphocyte chemoattractant (CXCL13) in the early diagnosis of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis

(2008) U. Ljøstad et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

MRI in multiple sclerosis: current status and future prospects

(2008) Rohit Bakshi et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: a consensus approach

(2008) DH Miller et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Proteomic analysis of active multiple sclerosis lesions reveals therapeutic targets

(2008) May H. Han et al.   NATURE

Integrating risk factors: HLA-DRB1*1501 and Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis

(2008) P. L. De Jager et al.   NEUROLOGY

When one and one make three: HLA and EBV infection in MS

(2008) R. A. Marrie   NEUROLOGY

Predictive markers for response to interferon therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis

(2008) S. Malucchi et al.   NEUROLOGY

Antigen microarrays identify unique serum autoantibody signatures in clinical and pathologic subtypes of multiple sclerosis

(2008) F. J. Quintana et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA