Formidable challenges to the notion of biologically important roles for dietary small RNAs in ingesting mammals

Survey of 800+ data sets from human tissue and body fluid reveals xenomiRs are likely artifacts

(2017) Wenjing Kang et al.   RNA

Human vascular endothelial cells transport foreign exosomes from cow's milk by endocytosis

(2016) Rio Jati Kusuma et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY

Sources and Functions of Extracellular Small RNAs in Human Circulation

(2016) Joëlle V. Fritz et al.   Annual Review of Nutrition

Bovine milk-derived exosomes for drug delivery

(2016) Radha Munagala et al.   CANCER LETTERS

Communication by Extracellular Vesicles: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go

(2016) Mercedes Tkach et al.   CELL

Cross-kingdom inhibition of breast cancer growth by plant miR159

(2016) Andrew R Chin et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Reversible HuR‐microRNA binding controls extracellular export of miR‐122 and augments stress response

(2016) Kamalika Mukherjee et al.   EMBO REPORTS

microRNA target prediction programs predict many false positives

(2016) Natalia Pinzón et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

Genome-wide identification and functional annotation of miRNAs in anti-inflammatory plant and their cross-kingdom regulation in Homo sapiens

(2016) Ankita Sharma et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS

Bioinformatics Prediction and Experimental Validation of MicroRNAs Involved in Cross-Kingdom Interaction

(2016) Stefano Pirrò et al.   JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

Biological Activities of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Cargos from Bovine and Human Milk in Humans and Implications for Infants

(2016) Janos Zempleni et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Commercial Dairy Cow Milk microRNAs Resist Digestion under Simulated Gastrointestinal Tract Conditions

(2016) Abderrahim Benmoussa et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Translating RNA sequencing into clinical diagnostics: opportunities and challenges

(2016) Sara A. Byron et al.   NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS

Sending a message: extracellular vesicles of pathogenic protozoan parasites

(2016) Anthony J. Szempruch et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Unsuccessful Detection of Plant MicroRNAs in Beer, Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Human Plasma After an Acute Ingestion of Extra Virgin Olive Oil

(2016) Victor Micó et al.   PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION

MicroRNA from Moringa oleifera: Identification by High Throughput Sequencing and Their Potential Contribution to Plant Medicinal Value

(2016) Stefano Pirrò et al.   PLoS One

Corn rootworm-active RNA DvSnf7: Repeat dose oral toxicology assessment in support of human and mammalian safety

(2016) Jay S. Petrick et al.   REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Uptake and impact of natural diet-derived small RNA in invertebrates: Implications for ecology and agriculture

(2016) Stephen Y. Chan et al.   RNA Biology

Toward the promise of microRNAs – Enhancing reproducibility and rigor in microRNA research

(2016) Kenneth W. Witwer et al.   RNA Biology

Anomalous uptake and circulatory characteristics of the plant-based small RNA MIR2911

(2016) Jian Yang et al.   Scientific Reports

One Step Forward, Two Steps Back; Xeno-MicroRNAs Reported in Breast Milk Are Artifacts

(2016) Caner Bağcı et al.   PLoS One

Investigation of Content, Stoichiometry and Transfer of miRNA from Human Neural Stem Cell Line Derived Exosomes

(2016) Lara Stevanato et al.   PLoS One

Circulating plant miRNAs can regulate human gene expression in vitro

(2016) Chiara Pastrello et al.   Scientific Reports

Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease

(2016) Valentina Cappello et al.   Scientific Reports

Grapefruit-Derived Nanovectors Use an Activated Leukocyte Trafficking Pathway to Deliver Therapeutic Agents to Inflammatory Tumor Sites

(2015) Q. Wang et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

A novel chemopreventive strategy based on therapeutic microRNAs produced in plants

(2015) Sizolwenkosi Mlotshwa et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Detection of dietary plant-based small RNAs in animals

(2015) Jian Yang et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Data Normalization Strategies for MicroRNA Quantification

(2015) H. Schwarzenbach et al.   CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

Conversations between kingdoms: small RNAs

(2015) Arne Weiberg et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Synthetic and Biological Vesicular Nano-Carriers Designed for Gene Delivery

(2015) Fatemeh Soltani et al.   CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN

Mechanisms of RNA loading into exosomes

(2015) Teresa Janas et al.   FEBS LETTERS

Movement of regulatory RNA between animal cells

(2015) Antony M. Jose   GENESIS

Loss of miRNAs during Processing and Storage of Cow’s (Bos taurus) Milk

(2015) Katherine M. Howard et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Reply to Diet-responsive MicroRNAs Are Likely Exogenous

(2015) Alexandra Title et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Diet-responsive MicroRNAs Are Likely Exogenous

(2015) Janos Zempleni et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Uptake and Function Studies of Maternal Milk-derived MicroRNAs

(2015) Alexandra C. Title et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Bovine milk exosomes contain microRNA and mRNA and are taken up by human macrophages

(2015) Hirohisa Izumi et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

The role of microRNA in nutritional control

(2015) E. N. M. Nolte-’t Hoen et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

The Intestinal Transport of Bovine Milk Exosomes Is Mediated by Endocytosis in Human Colon Carcinoma Caco-2 Cells and Rat Small Intestinal IEC-6 Cells

(2015) Tovah Wolf et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Contamination or artifacts may explain reports of plant miRNAs in humans

(2015) Kenneth W. Witwer   JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Effective detection and quantification of dietetically absorbed plant microRNAs in human plasma

(2015) Hongwei Liang et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Determination of the potential bioavailability of plant microRNAs using a simulated human digestion process

(2015) Anna Philip et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis

(2015) Ayuko Hoshino et al.   NATURE

Knocking down disease: a progress report on siRNA therapeutics

(2015) Anders Wittrup et al.   NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS

The expanding world of small RNAs in plants

(2015) Filipe Borges et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Improving small RNA-seq by using a synthetic spike-in set for size-range quality control together with a set for data normalization

(2015) Mauro D. Locati et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Ontogenetic and interspecific scaling of consumption in insects

(2015) James L. Maino et al.   OIKOS

Going mobile: Non-cell-autonomous small RNAs shape the genetic landscape of plants

(2015) Douglas E. Pyott et al.   PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

Survival and Diversity of Human Homologous Dietary MicroRNAs in Conventionally Cooked Top Sirloin and Dried Bovine Tissue Extracts

(2015) Joseph T. Dever et al.   PLoS One

A 28-day oral toxicity evaluation of small interfering RNAs and a long double-stranded RNA targeting vacuolar ATPase in mice

(2015) Jay S. Petrick et al.   REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

No effect of an elevated miR-30b level in mouse milk on its level in pup tissues

(2015) Johann Laubier et al.   RNA Biology

Negligible uptake and transfer of diet-derived pollen microRNAs in adult honey bees

(2015) Maryam Masood et al.   RNA Biology

Environmental RNAi in herbivorous insects

(2015) Sergey Ivashuta et al.   RNA

Dietary delivery: a new avenue for microRNA therapeutics?

(2015) Kendal D. Hirschi et al.   TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Visualization and tracking of tumour extracellular vesicle delivery and RNA translation using multiplexed reporters

(2015) Charles P. Lai et al.   Nature Communications

Food derived microRNAs

(2015) Anika E. Wagner et al.   Food & Function

Dietary RNAs: New Stories Regarding Oral Delivery

(2015) Jian Yang et al.   Nutrients

Digesting dietary miRNA therapeutics

(2015) Mark Yarmarkovich et al.   Oncotarget

E. coli OxyS non-coding RNA does not trigger RNAi in C. elegans

(2015) Alper Akay et al.   Scientific Reports

Age-associated changes of the intestinal epithelial barrier: local and systemic implications

(2015) Claudio Nicoletti   Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Small non-coding RNAs transfer through mammalian placenta and directly regulate fetal gene expression

(2015) Jing Li et al.   Protein & Cell

Biosafety research for non-target organism risk assessment of RNAi-based GE plants

(2015) Andrew F. Roberts et al.   Frontiers in Plant Science

Addressing Bias in Small RNA Library Preparation for Sequencing: A New Protocol Recovers MicroRNAs that Evade Capture by Current Methods

(2015) Jeanette Baran-Gale et al.   Frontiers in Genetics

Bias in Ligation-Based Small RNA Sequencing Library Construction Is Determined by Adaptor and RNA Structure

(2015) Ryan T. Fuchs et al.   PLoS One

Detection of an Abundant Plant-Based Small RNA in Healthy Consumers

(2015) Jian Yang et al.   PLoS One

miRge - A Multiplexed Method of Processing Small RNA-Seq Data to Determine MicroRNA Entropy

(2015) Alexander S. Baras et al.   PLoS One

Biogenesis, Secretion, and Intercellular Interactions of Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles

(2014) Marina Colombo et al.   Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

Innate Immune Sensing and Signaling of Cytosolic Nucleic Acids

(2014) Jiaxi Wu et al.   Annual Review of Immunology

Transfer and functional consequences of dietary microRNAs in vertebrates: Concepts in search of corroboration

(2014) Kenneth W. Witwer et al.   BIOESSAYS

Intestinal permeability – a new target for disease prevention and therapy

(2014) Stephan C Bischoff et al.   BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY

Small RNAs from plants, bacteria and fungi within the order Hypocreales are ubiquitous in human plasma

(2014) Meabh Beatty et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Impact of extracellular RNA on endothelial barrier function

(2014) Silvia Fischer et al.   CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH

Honeysuckle-encoded atypical microRNA2911 directly targets influenza A viruses

(2014) Zhen Zhou et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Intestinal barrier dysfunction triggered by invasive bacteria

(2014) F Barreau et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY

Nanoparticles With Surface Antibody Against CD98 and Carrying CD98 Small Interfering RNA Reduce Colitis in Mice

(2014) Bo Xiao et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Diet, Metabolites, and “Western-Lifestyle” Inflammatory Diseases

(2014) Alison N. Thorburn et al.   IMMUNITY

Systems-level regulation of microRNA networks by miR-130/301 promotes pulmonary hypertension

(2014) Thomas Bertero et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

MicroRNAs Are Absorbed in Biologically Meaningful Amounts from Nutritionally Relevant Doses of Cow Milk and Affect Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, HEK-293 Kidney Cell Cultures, and Mouse Livers

(2014) Scott R. Baier et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Diet-Responsive Mammalian miRNAs Are Likely Endogenous

(2014) Kenneth W. Witwer   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Assessing the ceRNA Hypothesis with Quantitative Measurements of miRNA and Target Abundance

(2014) Rémy Denzler et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Interspecies communication between plant and mouse gut host cells through edible plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles

(2014) Jingyao Mu et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

Identification and consequences of miRNA–target interactions — beyond repression of gene expression

(2014) Jean Hausser et al.   NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS

Regulation of microRNA biogenesis

(2014) Minju Ha et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

In Silico Identification of Plant miRNAs in Mammalian Breast Milk Exosomes – A Small Step Forward?

(2014) Anna Lukasik et al.   PLoS One

Diverse and Widespread Contamination Evident in the Unmapped Depths of High Throughput Sequencing Data

(2014) Richard W. Lusk   PLoS One

Quantitative and stoichiometric analysis of the microRNA content of exosomes

(2014) J. R. Chevillet et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Mining of public sequencing databases supports a non-dietary origin for putative foreign miRNAs: underestimated effects of contamination in NGS

(2014) J. P. Tosar et al.   RNA

Understanding functional miRNA–target interactions in vivo by site-specific genome engineering

(2014) Andrew R. Bassett et al.   Nature Communications

Exosomes secreted by nematode parasites transfer small RNAs to mammalian cells and modulate innate immunity

(2014) Amy H. Buck et al.   Nature Communications

Trans-kingdom Cross-Talk: Small RNAs on the Move

(2014) Marijn Knip et al.   PLoS Genetics

RNA interference in Colorado potato beetle: steps toward development of dsRNA as a commercial insecticide

(2014) Subba Reddy Palli   Current Opinion in Insect Science

Assessing the survival of exogenous plant microRNA in mice

(2014) GaoFeng Liang et al.   Food Science & Nutrition

An estimation of the number of cells in the human body

(2013) Eva Bianconi et al.   ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY

Classification and Comparison of Small RNAs from Plants

(2013) Michael J. Axtell   Annual Review of Plant Biology

Characterization of Levels and Cellular Transfer of Circulating Lipoprotein-Bound MicroRNAs

(2013) Jasmin Wagner et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

The complex transcriptional landscape of the anucleate human platelet

(2013) Paul F Bray et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Cholera Toxin Disrupts Barrier Function by Inhibiting Exocyst-Mediated Trafficking of Host Proteins to Intestinal Cell Junctions

(2013) Annabel Guichard et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Targeted Drug Delivery to Intestinal Macrophages by Bioactive Nanovesicles Released from Grapefruit

(2013) Baomei Wang et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Transcriptome and genome sequencing uncovers functional variation in humans

(2013) Tuuli Lappalainen et al.   NATURE

A window onto siRNA delivery

(2013) Yuhua Wang et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Image-based analysis of lipid nanoparticle–mediated siRNA delivery, intracellular trafficking and endosomal escape

(2013) Jerome Gilleron et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Reply to Lack of detectable oral bioavailability of plant microRNAs after feeding in mice

(2013) Xi Chen et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Efficiency of siRNA delivery by lipid nanoparticles is limited by endocytic recycling

(2013) Gaurav Sahay et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Lack of detectable oral bioavailability of plant microRNAs after feeding in mice

(2013) Brent Dickinson et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biases in small RNA deep sequencing data

(2013) Carsten A. Raabe et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Extracellular vesicles shed by Trypanosoma cruzi are linked to small RNA pathways, life cycle regulation, and susceptibility to infection of mammalian cells

(2013) Maria R. Garcia-Silva et al.   PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH

MicroRNA-mediated gene regulation: potential applications for plant genetic engineering

(2013) Man Zhou et al.   PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Safety assessment of food and feed from biotechnology-derived crops employing RNA-mediated gene regulation to achieve desired traits: A scientific review

(2013) Jay S. Petrick et al.   REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Real-time quantitative PCR and droplet digital PCR for plant miRNAs in mammalian blood provide little evidence for general uptake of dietary miRNAs

(2013) Kenneth W. Witwer et al.   RNA Biology

Ineffective delivery of diet-derived microRNAs to recipient animal organisms

(2013) Jonathan W. Snow et al.   RNA Biology

Is There Social RNA?

(2013) P. Sarkies et al.   SCIENCE

Self-Medication in Animals

(2013) J. C. de Roode et al.   SCIENCE

The Spectrum of Circulating RNA: A Window into Systems Toxicology

(2013) Kai Wang et al.   TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Delivery of therapeutic agents by nanoparticles made of grapefruit-derived lipids

(2013) Qilong Wang et al.   Nature Communications

Gene Silencing in Crustaceans: From Basic Research to Biotechnologies

(2013) Amir Sagi et al.   Genes

Beyond nutrients: Food-derived microRNAs provide cross-kingdom regulation

(2012) Mengxi Jiang et al.   BIOESSAYS

Sculpting the maturation, softening and ethylene pathway: The influences of microRNAs on tomato fruits

(2012) Jinhua Zuo et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Optimizing illumina next-generation sequencing library preparation for extremely at-biased genomes

(2012) Samuel O Oyola et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Tumour-secreted miR-9 promotes endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by activating the JAK-STAT pathway

(2012) Guanglei Zhuang et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases

(2012) Heiner Boeing et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Bovine milk contains microRNA and messenger RNA that are stable under degradative conditions

(2012) H. Izumi et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

Atheroprotective communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells through miRNAs

(2012) Eduard Hergenreider et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

High-throughput assessment of microRNA activity and function using microRNA sensor and decoy libraries

(2012) Gavriel Mullokandov et al.   NATURE METHODS

The Complex Exogenous RNA Spectra in Human Plasma: An Interface with Human Gut Biota?

(2012) Kai Wang et al.   PLoS One

XenomiRs and miRNA homeostasis in health and disease

(2012) Kenneth W. Witwer   RNA Biology

Distinct AGO1 and AGO2 associated miRNA profiles in human cells and blood plasma

(2012) Andrey Turchinovich et al.   RNA Biology

New foods for thought

(2012) Kendal D. Hirschi   TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE

Escherichia coli noncoding RNAs can affect gene expression and physiology of Caenorhabditis elegans

(2012) Huijie Liu et al.   Nature Communications

Horizontal transfer of microRNAs: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications

(2012) Xi Chen et al.   Protein & Cell

MicroRNA degradation and turnover: regulating the regulators

(2012) Zhuo Zhang et al.   Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-RNA

Ecological Physiology of Diet and Digestive Systems

(2011) William H. Karasov et al.   Annual Review of Physiology

Mechanism of transfer of functional microRNAs between mouse dendritic cells via exosomes

(2011) A. Montecalvo et al.   BLOOD

Ingested plant miRNAs regulate gene expression in animals

(2011) Hervé Vaucheret et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Exogenous plant MIR168a specifically targets mammalian LDLRAP1: evidence of cross-kingdom regulation by microRNA

(2011) Lin Zhang et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Homo sapiensSystemic RNA Interference-defective-1 Transmembrane Family Member 1 (SIDT1) Protein Mediates Contact-dependent Small RNA Transfer and MicroRNA-21-driven Chemoresistance

(2011) Mohamed O. Elhassan et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

MicroRNAs are transported in plasma and delivered to recipient cells by high-density lipoproteins

(2011) Kasey C. Vickers et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Characterization of extracellular circulating microRNA

(2011) Andrey Turchinovich et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

High-Throughput Sequencing of RNA Silencing-Associated Small RNAs in Olive (Olea europaea L.)

(2011) Livia Donaire et al.   PLoS One

Argonaute2 complexes carry a population of circulating microRNAs independent of vesicles in human plasma

(2011) J. D. Arroyo et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Failure to Confirm XMRV/MLVs in the Blood of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Multi-Laboratory Study

(2011) G. Simmons et al.   SCIENCE

Silencing or Stimulation? siRNA Delivery and the Immune System

(2011) Kathryn A. Whitehead et al.   Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Unidirectional transfer of microRNA-loaded exosomes from T cells to antigen-presenting cells

(2011) María Mittelbrunn et al.   Nature Communications

Regulation of Endothelial Permeability via Paracellular and Transcellular Transport Pathways

(2010) Yulia Komarova et al.   Annual Review of Physiology

Modifications of Small RNAs and Their Associated Proteins

(2010) Young-Kook Kim et al.   CELL

The eight human “canonical” ribonucleases: Molecular diversity, catalytic properties, and special biological actions of the enzyme proteins

(2010) Salvatore Sorrentino   FEBS LETTERS

Secretory Mechanisms and Intercellular Transfer of MicroRNAs in Living Cells

(2010) Nobuyoshi Kosaka et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Breaking down the barriers: siRNA delivery and endosome escape

(2010) M. Dominska et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

Secreted Monocytic miR-150 Enhances Targeted Endothelial Cell Migration

(2010) Yujing Zhang et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Orally delivered thioketal nanoparticles loaded with TNF-α–siRNA target inflammation and inhibit gene expression in the intestines

(2010) D. Scott Wilson et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Functional delivery of viral miRNAs via exosomes

(2010) D. M. Pegtel et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions

(2009) David P. Bartel   CELL

Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs

(2009) Richard W. Carthew et al.   CELL

Non-cell-autonomous effects of vector-expressed regulatory RNAs in mammalian heart cells

(2009) E Kizana et al.   GENE THERAPY

Mechanisms of dsRNA uptake in insects and potential of RNAi for pest control: A review

(2009) Hanneke Huvenne et al.   JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY

Predicting microRNA targets and functions: traps for the unwary

(2009) William Ritchie et al.   NATURE METHODS

Exploiting and antagonizing microRNA regulation for therapeutic and experimental applications

(2009) Brian D. Brown et al.   NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS

Deep sequencing of tomato short RNAs identifies microRNAs targeting genes involved in fruit ripening

(2008) S. Moxon et al.   GENOME RESEARCH