An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants

Protective Effects of Lactoferrin against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro

(2021) Claudio Salaris et al.   Nutrients

Increased TLR/MyD88 signaling in patients with obesity: is there a link to COVID-19 disease severity?

(2021) Ada M. Cuevas et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY

SARS-CoV-2–specific CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 individuals

(2021) Hassen Kared et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Role of Toll‐like receptors in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19

(2021) Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Safety and immunogenicity of S-Trimer (SCB-2019), a protein subunit vaccine candidate for COVID-19 in healthy adults: a phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

(2021) Peter Richmond et al.   LANCET

The in-vitro effect of famotidine on sars-cov-2 proteases and virus replication

(2021) Madeline Loffredo et al.   Scientific Reports

Association of Toll-like receptor 7 variants with life-threatening COVID-19 disease in males: findings from a nested case-control study

(2021) Chiara Fallerini et al.   eLife

Revealing Tissue-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Host Responses using Human Stem Cell-Derived Lung and Cerebral Organoids

(2021) Shashi Kant Tiwari et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Mast Cell and Eosinophil Activation Are Associated With COVID-19 and TLR-Mediated Viral Inflammation: Implications for an Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody

(2021) Simon Gebremeskel et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR41

(2021) Yingchi Zhao et al.   CELL RESEARCH

SARS‐CoV‐2 ORF9b antagonizes type I and III interferons by targeting multiple components of the RIG‐I/MDA‐5–MAVS, TLR3–TRIF, and cGAS–STING signaling pathways

(2021) Lulu Han et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR4) Agonist-Based Intranasal Nanovaccine Delivery System for Inducing Systemic and Mucosal Immunity

(2021) Mohammed Ali Bakkari et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

Adjuvanting a subunit COVID-19 vaccine to induce protective immunity

(2021) Prabhu S. Arunachalam et al.   NATURE

TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines

(2021) Min Zheng et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein Inhibits Type I Interferon Production Through Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of TBK1

(2021) Liyan Sui et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Role of Structural and Non-Structural Proteins and Therapeutic Targets of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19

(2021) Rohitash Yadav et al.   Cells

Role of toll-like receptor 7/8 pathways in regulation of interferon response and inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV2 infection and potential therapeutic options

(2021) Shetty Ravi Dyavar et al.   BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

Innate Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From Cells to Soluble Mediators

(2021) Daniela Ricci et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Platelet Innate Immune Receptors and TLRs: A Double-Edged Sword

(2021) Théo Ebermeyer et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Famotidine inhibits toll-like receptor 3-mediated inflammatory signaling in SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2021) Rukmini Mukherjee et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

SARS-CoV-2 takes its Toll

(2021) Alan Sariol et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape

(2021) William T. Harvey et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

HIF-1α is a negative regulator of interferon regulatory factors: Implications for interferon production by hypoxic monocytes

(2021) Travis Peng et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Case report: hepatitis in a child infected with SARS-CoV-2 presenting toll-like receptor 7 Gln11Leu single nucleotide polymorphism

(2021) Natália Lima Pessoa et al.   Virology Journal

Cytokine Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children

(2021) Antonietta Curatola et al.   Viruses-Basel

Periodic thermomechanical modulation of toll-like receptor expression and distribution in mesenchymal stromal cells

(2021) Xun Xu et al.   MRS Communications

Differential plasmacytoid dendritic cell phenotype and type I Interferon response in asymptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection

(2021) Martina Severa et al.   PLoS Pathogens

SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 Interaction Suppresses IRAK-M Expression and Promotes Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages

(2021) Ioanna Pantazi et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine with a Combination of TLR1/2 and TLR3 Agonists Induces Robust and Protective Immunity

(2021) Soo-Kyung Jeong et al.   Vaccines

Toll-Like Receptor Response to Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists as Immunomodulators for Treating Chronic Hepatitis B: An Overview

(2021) Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Distinct single-component adjuvants steer human DC-mediated T-cell polarization via Toll-like receptor signaling toward a potent antiviral immune response

(2021) Laura Roßmann et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis

(2020) Yu Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding

(2020) Roujian Lu et al.   LANCET

A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

(2020) Peng Zhou et al.   NATURE

Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19

(2020) Daniel Blanco-Melo et al.   CELL

Type I and Type III Interferons – Induction, Signaling, Evasion, and Application to Combat COVID-19

(2020) Annsea Park et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study

(2020) Daniel E. Freedberg et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area

(2020) Safiya Richardson et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

In silico studies on the comparative characterization of the interactions of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein with ACE‐2 receptor homologs and human TLRs

(2020) Abhigyan Choudhury et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

(2020) Chaomin Wu et al.   JAMA Internal Medicine

Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19

(2020) Qiong Zhou et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Presence of Genetic Variants Among Young Men With Severe COVID-19

(2020) Caspar I. van der Made et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19

(2020) Qing Ye et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY

(2020) Elizabeth J. Williamson et al.   NATURE

Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19

(2020) Carolina Lucas et al.   NATURE

Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients

(2020) Jérôme Hadjadj et al.   SCIENCE

Activation and evasion of type I interferon responses by SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Xiaobo Lei et al.   Nature Communications

Impact of Famotidine Use on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

(2020) Jeffrey F. Mather et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity

(2020) Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher et al.   CELL

Imiquimod - A toll like receptor 7 agonist - Is an ideal option for management of COVID 19

(2020) Athina Angelopoulou et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

(2020) Paul Bastard et al.   SCIENCE

The ORF6, ORF8 and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 inhibit type I interferon signaling pathway

(2020) Jin-Yan Li et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19

(2020) Gideon Schreiber   Frontiers in Immunology

Increased expression of hypoxia-induced factor 1α mRNA and its related genes in myeloid blood cells from critically ill COVID-19 patients

(2020) Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano et al.   ANNALS OF MEDICINE

Multi-Omics Resolves a Sharp Disease-State Shift between Mild and Moderate COVID-19

(2020) Yapeng Su et al.   CELL

Role of Host Immune and Inflammatory Responses in COVID-19 Cases with Underlying Primary Immunodeficiency: A Review

(2020) Benjamin M. Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH

SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and boosts proinflammatory activity

(2020) Ganna Petruk et al.   Journal of Molecular Cell Biology

Prophylactic intranasal administration of a TLR2/6 agonist reduces upper respiratory tract viral shedding in a SARS-CoV-2 challenge ferret model

(2020) Pamela C. Proud et al.   EBioMedicine

Intratumoral immunotherapy with TLR7/8 agonist MEDI9197 modulates the tumor microenvironment leading to enhanced activity when combined with other immunotherapies

(2019) Stefanie R. Mullins et al.   Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

TLR agonist combinations that stimulate Th type I polarizing responses from human neonates

(2018) Naveen Surendran et al.   Innate Immunity

Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses

(2018) Jie Cui et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines: A New Paradigm for the Development of Broad-Spectrum Anti-infectious Formulations

(2018) Silvia Sánchez-Ramón et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Pattern Recognition Receptors and the Host Cell Death Molecular Machinery

(2018) Gustavo P. Amarante-Mendes et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses

(2016) Shuo Su et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY

The Membrane Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Functions as a Novel Cytosolic Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern To Promote Beta Interferon Induction via a Toll-Like-Receptor-Related TRAF3-Independent Mechanism

(2016) Yi Wang et al.   mBio

Discovery of inulin acetate as a novel immune-active polymer and vaccine adjuvant: synthesis, material characterization, and biological evaluation as a toll-like receptor-4 agonist

(2016) Sunny Kumar et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry B

Dengue virus NS1 protein activates cells via Toll-like receptor 4 and disrupts endothelial cell monolayer integrity

(2015) Naphak Modhiran et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling via TRIF Contributes to a Protective Innate Immune Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

(2015) Allison L. Totura et al.   mBio

Innate and Adaptive Immune Regulation During Chronic Viral Infections

(2015) Elina I. Zuniga et al.   Annual Review of Virology

Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways

(2014) Takumi Kawasaki et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Key roles of adjuvants in modern vaccines

(2013) Steven G Reed et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Elevated expression of the toll like receptors 2 and 4 in obese individuals: its significance for obesity-induced inflammation

(2012) Rasheed Ahmad et al.   Journal of Inflammation-London

Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia

(2012) Ali M. Zaki et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Toll-like Receptors and Their Crosstalk with Other Innate Receptors in Infection and Immunity

(2011) Taro Kawai et al.   IMMUNITY

The immune responses of HLA-A*0201 restricted SARS-CoV S peptide-specific CD8+ T cells are augmented in varying degrees by CpG ODN, PolyI:C and R848

(2011) Kai Zhao et al.   VACCINE

Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation

(2010) Osamu Takeuchi et al.   CELL

The Battle between Virus and Host: Modulation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways by Virus Infection

(2010) Shin-ichi Yokota et al.   MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION

Impact of aging on viral infections

(2010) Jin Leng et al.   MICROBES AND INFECTION

Targeting Toll-like receptors: emerging therapeutics?

(2010) Elizabeth J. Hennessy et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses

(2009) T. H. Mogensen   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS

How Location Governs Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

(2009) Akanksha Chaturvedi et al.   TRAFFIC

TLR signaling by tumor and immune cells: a double-edged sword

(2008) B Huang et al.   ONCOGENE

MyD88 Is Required for Protection from Lethal Infection with a Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV

(2008) Timothy Sheahan et al.   PLoS Pathogens