SARS-CoV-2 requires cholesterol for viral entry and pathological syncytia formation

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Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR

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The extracellular domain of angulin-1 and palmitoylation of its cytoplasmic region are required for angulin-1 assembly at tricellular contacts

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Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer

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A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

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Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2

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Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

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Lipid Rafts: Controversies Resolved, Mysteries Remain

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Structural basis for itraconazole-mediated NPC1 inhibition

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Nafamostat Mesylate Blocks Activation of SARS-CoV-2: New Treatment Option for COVID-19

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Competing Protein-RNA Interaction Networks Control Multiphase Intracellular Organization

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Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

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SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

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Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion

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Post‐mortem examination of COVID19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings of lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction

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The anti‐HIV drug nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept) is a potent inhibitor of cell fusion caused by the SARSCoV‐2 spike (S) glycoprotein warranting further evaluation as an antiviral against COVID‐19 infections

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Myelin-Associated MAL and PLP Are Unusual Among Multi-Pass Transmembrane Proteins in Preferring Ordered Membrane Domains

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Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

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A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells

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A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing

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Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model

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Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV

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A viral fusogen hijacks the actin cytoskeleton to drive cell-cell fusion

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Oxysterols provide innate immunity to bacterial infection by mobilizing cell surface accessible cholesterol

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TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

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The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

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The Global Phosphorylation Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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In-Hospital Use of Statins Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality among Individuals with COVID-19

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Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs through large-scale compound repurposing

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Inhibition of PIKfyve kinase prevents infection by Zaire ebolavirus and SARS-CoV-2

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Broad-Spectrum Host-Based Antivirals Targeting the Interferon and Lipogenesis Pathways as Potential Treatment Options for the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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Relation of Statin Use Prior to Admission to Severity and Recovery Among COVID-19 Inpatients

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25-Hydroxycholesterol is a potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor

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Use of Ivermectin is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (ICON study)

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Cholesterol 25‐Hydroxylase inhibits SARS ‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses by depleting membrane cholesterol

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Pathogenesis‐Directed Therapy of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease

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Structures and distributions of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on intact virions

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COVID-19 pandemic: Insights into structure, function, and hACE2 receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2

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The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Biosynthesis, Structure, Function, and Antigenicity: Implications for the Design of Spike-Based Vaccine Immunogens

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Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication by blocking membrane fusion

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Molecular Discrimination between Two Conformations of Sphingomyelin in Plasma Membranes

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Cholesterol binding to the transmembrane region of a group 2 HA of Influenza virus is essential for virus replication affecting both virus assembly and HA's fusion activity

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Release of cholesterol-rich particles from the macrophage plasma membrane during movement of filopodia and lamellipodia

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Membrane Cholesterol Modulates Oligomeric Status and Peptide-Membrane Interaction of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Fusion Peptide

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Cholesterol accessibility at the ciliary membrane controls hedgehog signaling

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Structure-activity relationship study of itraconazole, a broad-range inhibitor of picornavirus replication that targets oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)

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G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Targets for Approved Drugs: How Many Targets and How Many Drugs?

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Spectrin is a mechanoresponsive protein shaping fusogenic synapse architecture during myoblast fusion

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Wild-type human coronaviruses prefer cell-surface TMPRSS2 to endosomal cathepsins for cell entry

(2018) Kazuya Shirato et al.   VIROLOGY

Cholesterol enhances influenza binding avidity by controlling nanoscale receptor clustering

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Protein Palmitoylation and Its Role in Bacterial and Viral Infections

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Macrophages release plasma membrane-derived particles rich in accessible cholesterol

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Palmitoylation mediates membrane association of hepatitis E virus ORF3 protein and is required for infectious particle secretion

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Palmitoylation Contributes to Membrane Curvature in Influenza A Virus Assembly and Hemagglutinin-Mediated Membrane Fusion

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Requirement of the fusogenic micropeptide myomixer for muscle formation in zebrafish

(2017) Jun Shi et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Hepatitis E virus ORF3 is a functional ion channel required for release of infectious particles

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Control of muscle formation by the fusogenic micropeptide myomixer

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SR-BI: A Multifunctional Receptor in Cholesterol Homeostasis and Atherosclerosis

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Improved split fluorescent proteins for endogenous protein labeling

(2017) Siyu Feng et al.   Nature Communications

They Might Be Giants: Does Syncytium Formation Sink or Spread HIV Infection?

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Protein sorting by lipid phase-like domains supports emergent signaling function in B lymphocyte plasma membranes

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Simultaneous Targeting of NPC1 and VDAC1 by Itraconazole Leads to Synergistic Inhibition of mTOR Signaling and Angiogenesis

(2016) Sarah A. Head et al.   ACS Chemical Biology

Identification of Nafamostat as a Potent Inhibitor of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus S Protein-Mediated Membrane Fusion Using the Split-Protein-Based Cell-Cell Fusion Assay

(2016) Mizuki Yamamoto et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

Triazoles inhibit cholesterol export from lysosomes by binding to NPC1

(2016) Michael N. Trinh et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Influenza viral membrane fusion is sensitive to sterol concentration but surprisingly robust to sterol chemical identity

(2016) Katarzyna E. Zawada et al.   Scientific Reports

Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry

(2015) Yanchen Zhou et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Tryptophan-Dependent Membrane Interaction and Heteromerization with the Internal Fusion Peptide by the Membrane Proximal External Region of SARS-CoV Spike Protein

(2015) Ying Liao et al.   BIOCHEMISTRY

A Century of Cholesterol and Coronaries: From Plaques to Genes to Statins

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LSR/angulin-1 is a tricellular tight junction protein involved in blood–brain barrier formation

(2015) Fabien Sohet et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Membrane Interactions of Phytochemicals as Their Molecular Mechanism Applicable to the Discovery of Drug Leads from Plants

(2015) Hironori Tsuchiya   MOLECULES

An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease modulates constitutive eIF2α dephosphorylation to trigger a specific integrated stress response

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Antiviral Potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Modulation for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection as Identified by Temporal Kinome Analysis

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Distinct Tau Prion Strains Propagate in Cells and Mice and Define Different Tauopathies

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UniProt: a hub for protein information

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Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein

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Reovirus FAST proteins: virus-encoded cellular fusogens

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Three pools of plasma membrane cholesterol and their relation to cholesterol homeostasis

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The Immunological Synapse

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Chemical approaches for profiling dynamic palmitoylation

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Liquid General Anesthetics Lower Critical Temperatures in Plasma Membrane Vesicles

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PIKfyve, a Class III PI Kinase, Is the Target of the Small Molecular IL-12/IL-23 Inhibitor Apilimod and a Player in Toll-like Receptor Signaling

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Fluorescent Probes for Lipid Rafts: From Model Membranes to Living Cells

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Contributions of Molecular Properties to Drug Promiscuity

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2-Bromopalmitate Analogues as Activity-Based Probes To Explore Palmitoyl Acyltransferases

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Nelfinavir and bortezomib inhibit mTOR activity via ATF4-mediated sestrin-2 regulation

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The B7-1 Cytoplasmic Tail Enhances Intracellular Transport and Mammalian Cell Surface Display of Chimeric Proteins in the Absence of a Linear ER Export Motif

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Actin-Propelled Invasive Membrane Protrusions Promote Fusogenic Protein Engagement During Cell-Cell Fusion

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The role of tryptophan side chains in membrane protein anchoring and hydrophobic mismatch

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Analysis of the 'angulin' proteins LSR, ILDR1 and ILDR2 - tricellulin recruitment, epithelial barrier function and implication in deafness pathogenesis

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Simultaneous Treatment of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells with Serine and Cysteine Protease Inhibitors Prevents Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Entry

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Elucidating membrane structure and protein behavior using giant plasma membrane vesicles

(2012) Erdinc Sezgin et al.   Nature Protocols

Replication of human coronaviruses SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E is inhibited by the drug FK506

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Ready, Set, Fuse! The Coronavirus Spike Protein and Acquisition of Fusion Competence

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Mechanisms of Coronavirus Cell Entry Mediated by the Viral Spike Protein

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Complex Drug Interactions of HIV Protease Inhibitors 1: Inactivation, Induction, and Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 3A by Ritonavir or Nelfinavir

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Cholesterol trafficking is required for mTOR activation in endothelial cells

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Palmitoylation regulates raft affinity for the majority of integral raft proteins

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Palmitoylation of SARS-CoV S protein is necessary for partitioning into detergent-resistant membranes and cell–cell fusion but not interaction with M protein

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Cholesterol-dependent phase separation in cell-derived giant plasma-membrane vesicles

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Membrane Rafts Are Involved in Intracellular Miconazole Accumulation in Yeast Cells

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A Single Tyrosine in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Membrane Protein Cytoplasmic Tail Is Important for Efficient Interaction with Spike Protein

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Human occludin is a hepatitis C virus entry factor required for infection of mouse cells

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Mutagenesis of the transmembrane domain of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein: refinement of the requirements for SARS coronavirus cell entry

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Critical Fluctuations in Plasma Membrane Vesicles

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Importance of SARS-CoV spike protein Trp-rich region in viral infectivity

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Lipid rafts are involved in SARS-CoV entry into Vero E6 cells

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Fusion-pore expansion during syncytium formation is restricted by an actin network

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