Marine Cyanobacteria and Microalgae Metabolites—A Rich Source of Potential Anticancer Drugs
Published 2020 View Full Article
- Home
- Publications
- Publication Search
- Publication Details
Title
Marine Cyanobacteria and Microalgae Metabolites—A Rich Source of Potential Anticancer Drugs
Authors
Keywords
-
Journal
Marine Drugs
Volume 18, Issue 9, Pages 476
Publisher
MDPI AG
Online
2020-09-21
DOI
10.3390/md18090476
References
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.- Laminarin-Derived from Brown Algae Suppresses the Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells via Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ER Stress
- (2020) Hyocheol Bae et al. Marine Drugs
- Anticancer Compounds Derived from Marine Diatoms
- (2020) Hanaa Ali Hussein et al. Marine Drugs
- Metagenomics Approaches in Discovery and Development of New Bioactive Compounds from Marine Actinomycetes
- (2019) Gyana Prakash Mahapatra et al. CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY
- Natural Products from Cyanobacteria: Focus on Beneficial Activities
- (2019) Justine Demay et al. Marine Drugs
- Microalgal Derivatives as Potential Nutraceutical and Food Supplements for Human Health: A Focus on Cancer Prevention and Interception
- (2019) Christian Galasso et al. Nutrients
- Marine-Derived Anticancer Agents: Clinical Benefits, Innovative Mechanisms, and New Targets
- (2019) Renato B. Pereira et al. Marine Drugs
- Alkaloids for cancer prevention and therapy: Current progress and future perspectives
- (2019) Arijit Mondal et al. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
- Marine Natural Products: A Source of Novel Anticancer Drugs
- (2019) Shaden A. M. Khalifa et al. Marine Drugs
- Microalgae polysaccharides: the new sustainable bioactive products for the development of plant bio-stimulants?
- (2019) Mutale-joan Chanda et al. WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Structure and anticancer activity of native and modified polysaccharides from brown alga Dictyota dichotoma
- (2018) Roza V. Usoltseva et al. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
- An efficient one-step scheme for the purification of major xanthophyll carotenoids from lettuce, and assessment of their comparative anticancer potential
- (2018) Ramesh Kumar Saini et al. FOOD CHEMISTRY
- Therapeutic Properties and Biological Benefits of Marine-Derived Anticancer Peptides
- (2018) Hee Kang et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
- Marine Carbohydrate-Based Compounds with Medicinal Properties
- (2018) Ariana Vasconcelos et al. Marine Drugs
- Developments of Cyanobacteria for Nano-Marine Drugs: Relevance of Nanoformulations in Cancer Therapies
- (2018) Vivek Bajpai et al. Marine Drugs
- Review on Abyssomicins: Inhibitors of the Chorismate Pathway and Folate Biosynthesis
- (2018) Carmen Sadaka et al. MOLECULES
- Marine natural products
- (2018) John W. Blunt et al. NATURAL PRODUCT REPORTS
- Different molecular organization of two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, in human colon epithelial cells and colon adenocarcinoma cells
- (2018) Wojciech Grudzinski et al. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
- Marine Fungi: A Source of Potential Anticancer Compounds
- (2018) Sunil K. Deshmukh et al. Frontiers in Microbiology
- Carotenoid profiling of five microalgae species from large-scale production
- (2018) Gabriella Di Lena et al. FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
- Review on the Bioactive Peptides from Marine Sources: Indication for Health Effects
- (2018) Raheleh Ghanbari International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics
- Laminaran from brown alga Dictyota dichotoma and its sulfated derivative as radioprotectors and radiosensitizers in melanoma therapy
- (2018) Olesya S. Malyarenko et al. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
- Microalgae in modern cancer therapy: Current knowledge
- (2018) Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack et al. BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
- Cryptophycins: cytotoxic cyclodepsipeptides with potential for tumor targeting
- (2017) Christine Weiss et al. JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE
- Peptides, Peptidomimetics, and Polypeptides from Marine Sources: A Wealth of Natural Sources for Pharmaceutical Applications
- (2017) Rushikesh Sable et al. Marine Drugs
- An Updated Review on Marine Anticancer Compounds: The Use of Virtual Screening for the Discovery of Small-Molecule Cancer Drugs
- (2017) Verónica Ruiz-Torres et al. MOLECULES
- Microalgae metabolites: A rich source for food and medicine
- (2017) Ramaraj Sathasivam et al. SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
- The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta
- (2016) Roza V. Usoltseva (Menshova) et al. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
- Phase I Clinical Trial of Marizomib (NPI-0052) in Patients with Advanced Malignancies Including Multiple Myeloma: Study NPI-0052-102 Final Results
- (2016) S. J. Harrison et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- Cyanobacterial Metabolite Calothrixins: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
- (2016) Su Xu et al. Marine Drugs
- Structures and Biological Activities of Novel Biselyngbyaside Analogs Isolated from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.
- (2015) Ayane Watanabe et al. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
- Structure and anticancer activity in vitro of sulfated galactofucan from brown alga Alaria angusta
- (2015) Roza V. Menshova et al. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
- Previously Uncultured Marine Bacteria Linked to Novel Alkaloid Production
- (2015) Eun Ju Choi et al. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY
- Recent developments in therapeutic applications of Cyanobacteria
- (2015) Rathinam Raja et al. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
- The Effects of Marine Carbohydrates and Glycosylated Compounds on Human Health
- (2015) Hee-Kyoung Kang et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
- Coibamide A, a natural lariat depsipeptide, inhibits VEGFA/VEGFR2 expression and suppresses tumor growth in glioblastoma xenografts
- (2015) Jeffrey D. Serrill et al. INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS
- Kalkitoxin Inhibits Angiogenesis, Disrupts Cellular Hypoxic Signaling, and Blocks Mitochondrial Electron Transport in Tumor Cells
- (2015) J. Morgan et al. Marine Drugs
- The Effect of Dissolved Polyunsaturated Aldehydes on Microzooplankton Growth Rates in the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Coastal Waters
- (2015) Peter Lavrentyev et al. Marine Drugs
- Marine Peptides: Bioactivities and Applications
- (2015) Randy Cheung et al. Marine Drugs
- Isolation of Polycavernoside D from a Marine Cyanobacterium
- (2015) Gabriel Navarro et al. Environmental Science & Technology Letters
- Induction of Apoptosis by Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan through Calcium- and Caspase-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathways in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
- (2015) Zhongyuan ZHANG et al. BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
- Age and Cancer Risk
- (2014) Mary C. White et al. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
- Microtubule-targeting agents are clinically successful due to both mitotic and interphase impairment of microtubule function
- (2014) Jessica J. Field et al. BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
- Stigmasterol isolated from marine microalgae Navicula incerta induces apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells
- (2014) Young-Sang Kim et al. BMB Reports
- Marine Nucleosides: Structure, Bioactivity, Synthesis and Biosynthesis
- (2014) Ri-Ming Huang et al. Marine Drugs
- Siphonaxanthin, a Green Algal Carotenoid, as a Novel Functional Compound
- (2014) Tatsuya Sugawara et al. Marine Drugs
- Marine-Sourced Anti-Cancer and Cancer Pain Control Agents in Clinical and Late Preclinical Development
- (2014) David Newman et al. Marine Drugs
- Diatom-Derived Polyunsaturated Aldehydes Activate Cell Death in Human Cancer Cell Lines but Not Normal Cells
- (2014) Clementina Sansone et al. PLoS One
- Laminarin-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer LoVo cells
- (2014) CHEN-FENG JI et al. Oncology Letters
- Marine medicinal glycomics
- (2014) Vitor H. Pomin Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
- Cancer wars: natural products strike back
- (2014) Christine Basmadjian et al. Frontiers in Chemistry
- Structure, enzymatic transformation and anticancer activity of branched high molecular weight laminaran from brown alga Eisenia bicyclis
- (2013) Roza V. Menshova et al. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
- Biselyngbyolide B, a Novel ER Stress-inducer Isolated from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.
- (2013) Osamu Ohno et al. CHEMISTRY LETTERS
- Beneficial Effect of Peptides from Microalgae on Anticancer
- (2013) Kyong-Hwa Kang et al. CURRENT PROTEIN & PEPTIDE SCIENCE
- Induction of apoptosis and the regulation of ErbB signaling by laminarin in HT-29 human colon cancer cells
- (2013) HEE-KYOUNG PARK et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE
- Health applications of bioactive compounds from marine microalgae
- (2013) Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo et al. LIFE SCIENCES
- Anticancer and Cancer Preventive Properties of Marine Polysaccharides: Some Results and Prospects
- (2013) Sergey Fedorov et al. Marine Drugs
- Beneficial Effects of Marine Algal Compounds in Cosmeceuticals
- (2013) Noel Thomas et al. Marine Drugs
- Shellfish Toxins Targeting Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
- (2013) Fan Zhang et al. Marine Drugs
- Chondroitin Sulfate, Hyaluronic Acid and Chitin/Chitosan Production Using Marine Waste Sources: Characteristics, Applications and Eco-Friendly Processes: A Review
- (2013) José Vázquez et al. Marine Drugs
- Fucoxanthin: A Marine Carotenoid Exerting Anti-Cancer Effects by Affecting Multiple Mechanisms
- (2013) Sangeetha Kumar et al. Marine Drugs
- Marine algal carotenoids inhibit angiogenesis by down-regulating FGF-2-mediated intracellular signals in vascular endothelial cells
- (2013) Ponesakki Ganesan et al. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
- Coibamide A Induces mTOR-Independent Autophagy and Cell Death in Human Glioblastoma Cells
- (2013) Andrew M. Hau et al. PLoS One
- Apoptotic anticancer activity of a novel fatty alcohol ester isolated from cultured marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum
- (2013) Kalpa W. Samarakoon et al. Journal of Functional Foods
- Sulfated modification and anti-tumor activity of laminarin
- (2013) CHEN-FENG JI et al. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
- Fucoidan induces changes in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and decreases metastasis by enhancing ubiquitin-dependent TGF receptor degradation in breast cancer
- (2012) H.-Y. Hsu et al. CARCINOGENESIS
- Lessons from the Past and Charting the Future of Marine Natural Products Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology
- (2012) William H. Gerwick et al. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY
- Lyngbyabellins K-N from Two Palmyra Atoll Collections of the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii
- (2012) Hyukjae Choi et al. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Natural Products As Sources of New Drugs over the 30 Years from 1981 to 2010
- (2012) David J. Newman et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- The Antiviral Activities and Mechanisms of Marine Polysaccharides: An Overview
- (2012) Wei Wang et al. Marine Drugs
- Marine Cyanobacteria Compounds with Anticancer Properties: A Review on the Implication of Apoptosis
- (2012) Margarida Costa et al. Marine Drugs
- Laminarin Induces Apoptosis of Human Colon Cancer LOVO Cells through a Mitochondrial Pathway
- (2012) Yu Bin Ji et al. MOLECULES
- Fucoidan from Seaweed Fucus vesiculosus Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Human Lung Cancer Cell via PI3K-Akt-mTOR Pathways
- (2012) Hyunkyoung Lee et al. PLoS One
- Isolation and structures of biselyngbyasides B, C, and D from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp., and the biological activities of biselyngbyasides
- (2012) Maho Morita et al. TETRAHEDRON
- Fucoidans from Brown Seaweeds Sargassum hornery, Eclonia cava, Costaria costata: Structural Characteristics and Anticancer Activity
- (2011) Svetlana Ermakova et al. APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Siphonaxanthin, a marine carotenoid from green algae, effectively induces apoptosis in human leukemia (HL-60) cells
- (2011) Ponesakki Ganesan et al. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
- Global cancer statistics
- (2011) Ahmedin Jemal et al. CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
- Sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweeds Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida: isolation, structural characteristics, and antitumor activity
- (2011) Olesya S. Vishchuk et al. CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
- Marine Natural Product Aurilide Activates the OPA1-Mediated Apoptosis by Binding to Prohibitin
- (2011) Shin-ichi Sato et al. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY
- Isomalyngamide A, A-1 and their analogs suppress cancer cell migration in vitro
- (2011) Tzu Ting Chang et al. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
- Marine natural products: a new wave of drugs?
- (2011) Rana Montaser et al. Future Medicinal Chemistry
- Veraguamides A−G, Cyclic Hexadepsipeptides from a Dolastatin 16-Producing CyanobacteriumSymplocacf.hydnoidesfrom Guam
- (2011) Lilibeth A. Salvador et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Cytotoxic Veraguamides, Alkynyl Bromide-Containing Cyclic Depsipeptides from the Marine Cyanobacterium cf.Oscillatoria margaritifera
- (2011) Emily Mevers et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Antiproliferative Activity of Violaxanthin Isolated from Bioguided Fractionation of Dunaliella tertiolecta Extracts
- (2011) Virginie Pasquet et al. Marine Drugs
- Chemical Structures and Bioactivities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae
- (2011) Guangling Jiao et al. Marine Drugs
- Lagunamide C, a cytotoxic cyclodepsipeptide from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula
- (2011) Ashootosh Tripathi et al. PHYTOCHEMISTRY
- Pitipeptolides C–F, antimycobacterial cyclodepsipeptides from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Guam
- (2011) Rana Montaser et al. PHYTOCHEMISTRY
- Anticancer Drugs from Marine Flora: An Overview
- (2011) N. Sithranga Boopathy et al. Journal of Oncology
- Salinosporamide Natural Products: Potent 20 S Proteasome Inhibitors as Promising Cancer Chemotherapeutics
- (2010) Tobias A. M. Gulder et al. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
- Structure and antitumour activity of fucoidan isolated from sporophyll of Korean brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida
- (2010) Andriy Synytsya et al. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
- Evolved Diversification of a Modular Natural Product Pathway: Apratoxins F and G, Two Cytotoxic Cyclic Depsipeptides from a Palmyra Collection of Lyngbya bouillonii
- (2010) Kevin Tidgewell et al. CHEMBIOCHEM
- Structural characteristics and antitumor activity of a new chrysolaminaran from the diatom alga Synedra acus
- (2010) M. I. Kusaikin et al. CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS
- Plant Natural Products in Anticancer Drug Discovery
- (2010) Paul G. Grothaus et al. CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by Natural Substances from Plants
- (2010) Q. Wang et al. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
- Antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) autolysates
- (2010) Bahareh Sarmadi et al. FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
- Malyngolide Dimer, a Bioactive Symmetric Cyclodepside from the Panamanian Marine CyanobacteriumLyngbya majuscula
- (2010) Marcelino Gutiérrez et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Cytotoxic Halogenated Macrolides and Modified Peptides from the Apratoxin-Producing Marine CyanobacteriumLyngbya bouilloniifrom Guam
- (2010) Susan Matthew et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Caylobolide B, a Macrolactone from Symplostatin 1-Producing Marine CyanobacteriaPhormidiumspp. from Florida
- (2010) Lilibeth A. Salvador et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Lagunamides A and B: Cytotoxic and Antimalarial Cyclodepsipeptides from the Marine CyanobacteriumLyngbya majuscula
- (2010) Ashootosh Tripathi et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Pitiprolamide, a Proline-Rich Dolastatin 16 Analogue from the Marine CyanobacteriumLyngbya majusculafrom Guam
- (2010) Rana Montaser et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Malyngamide 2, an Oxidized Lipopeptide with Nitric Oxide Inhibiting Activity from a Papua New Guinea Marine Cyanobacterium
- (2010) Karla L. Malloy et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Grassypeptolides A−C, Cytotoxic Bis-thiazoline Containing Marine Cyclodepsipeptides
- (2010) Jason C. Kwan et al. JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Anticolon Cancer Activity of Largazole, a Marine-Derived Tunable Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor
- (2010) Y. Liu et al. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
- Bacterial Exopolysaccharides from Extreme Marine Habitats: Production, Characterization and Biological Activities
- (2010) Annarita Poli et al. Marine Drugs
- Two cytotoxic stereoisomers of malyngamide C, 8-epi-malyngamide C and 8-O-acetyl-8-epi-malyngamide C, from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula
- (2010) Harald Gross et al. PHYTOCHEMISTRY
- Anti-angiogenic effect of siphonaxanthin from green alga, Codium fragile
- (2010) Ponesakki Ganesan et al. PHYTOMEDICINE
- Revised structure and structure–activity relationship of bisebromoamide and structure of norbisebromoamide from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.
- (2010) Hiroaki Sasaki et al. TETRAHEDRON
- The odyssey of marine pharmaceuticals: a current pipeline perspective
- (2010) Alejandro M.S. Mayer et al. TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
- Natural products for cancer chemotherapy
- (2010) Arnold L. Demain et al. Microbial Biotechnology
- Calothrixins, a New Class of Human DNA Topoisomerase I Poisons⊥
- (2009) Qasim A. Khan et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Palmyramide A, a Cyclic Depsipeptide from a Palmyra Atoll Collection of the Marine CyanobacteriumLyngbya majuscula†
- (2009) Masatoshi Taniguchi et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Inhibitory Effect of Fucoidan on Huh7 Hepatoma Cells Through Downregulation of CXCL12
- (2009) Takeaki Nagamine et al. NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
- Bisebromoamide, a Potent Cytotoxic Peptide from the Marine CyanobacteriumLyngbyasp.: Isolation, Stereostructure, and Biological Activity
- (2009) Toshiaki Teruya et al. ORGANIC LETTERS
- Biselyngbyaside, a Macrolide Glycoside from the Marine CyanobacteriumLyngbyasp.
- (2009) Toshiaki Teruya et al. ORGANIC LETTERS
- Natural compounds for cancer treatment and prevention
- (2009) Stefania Nobili et al. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
- Functional, bioactive and antioxidative properties of hydrolysates obtained from cod (Gadus morhua) backbones
- (2009) Rasa Šližytė et al. PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
- Isolation and structure of koshikalide, a 14-membered macrolide from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.
- (2009) Arihiro Iwasaki et al. TETRAHEDRON LETTERS
- Inhibitory effects of fucoidan on activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and cell transformation in JB6 Cl41 cells
- (2008) Na Yeon Lee et al. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
- Antiadult T-cell leukemia effects of brown algae fucoxanthin and its deacetylated product, fucoxanthinol
- (2008) Chie Ishikawa et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
- Apratoxin E, a Cytotoxic Peptolide from a Guamanian Collection of the Marine CyanobacteriumLyngbya bouillonii
- (2008) Susan Matthew et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Antineoplastic Agents. 536. New Sources of Naturally Occurring Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitors from Marine Organisms, Terrestrial Plants, and Microorganisms(1a),⊥
- (2008) George R. Pettit et al. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
- Structure and Activity of Largazole, a Potent Antiproliferative Agent from the Floridian Marine CyanobacteriumSymplocasp.
- (2008) Kanchan Taori et al. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
- Coibamide A, a Potent Antiproliferative Cyclic Depsipeptide from the Panamanian Marine CyanobacteriumLeptolyngbyasp.
- (2008) Rebecca A. Medina et al. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
- Safety Evaluation of Fucoxanthin purified from Undaria pinnatifida
- (2008) Takashi Kadekaru et al. JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-NIPPON SHOKUHIN KAGAKU KOGAKU KAISHI
- Total Structure Determination of Grassypeptolide, a New Marine Cyanobacterial Cytotoxin
- (2008) Jason C. Kwan et al. ORGANIC LETTERS
- The marine lipopeptide somocystinamide A triggers apoptosis via caspase 8
- (2008) W. Wrasidlo et al. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Publish scientific posters with Peeref
Peeref publishes scientific posters from all research disciplines. Our Diamond Open Access policy means free access to content and no publication fees for authors.
Learn MoreCreate your own webinar
Interested in hosting your own webinar? Check the schedule and propose your idea to the Peeref Content Team.
Create Now