The kynurenine connection: how exercise shifts muscle tryptophan metabolism and affects energy homeostasis, the immune system, and the brain

Transcriptomic profiling of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and inactivity

(2020) Nicolas J. Pillon et al.   Nature Communications

Skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 reroutes kynurenine metabolism to increase energy efficiency and fatigue-resistance

(2019) Leandro Z. Agudelo et al.   Nature Communications

Kynurenine, a Tryptophan Metabolite That Increases with Age, Induces Muscle Atrophy and Lipid Peroxidation

(2019) Helen Kaiser et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

The Orphan Receptor GPR35 Contributes to Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension and Cardiac Dysfunction in Mice

(2018) Nina Divorty et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION

Kynurenic Acid and Gpr35 Regulate Adipose Tissue Energy Homeostasis and Inflammation

(2018) Leandro Z. Agudelo et al.   Cell Metabolism

T-cells and their cytokine production: The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of strenuous exercise

(2018) David M. Shaw et al.   CYTOKINE

Biochemistry and structural studies of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase reveal allosteric inhibition by Ro 61-8048

(2018) Jingjing Gao et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Kynurenic Acid Restores Nrf2 Levels and Prevents Quinolinic Acid-Induced Toxicity in Rat Striatal Slices

(2018) Fernanda Silva Ferreira et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

PGC-1α regulates alanine metabolism in muscle cells

(2018) Yukino Hatazawa et al.   PLoS One

Kynurenic Acid: The Janus-Faced Role of an Immunomodulatory Tryptophan Metabolite and Its Link to Pathological Conditions

(2018) Elisa Wirthgen et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Small molecule PGC-1α1 protein stabilizers induce adipocyte Ucp1 expression and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration

(2018) A.T. Pettersson-Klein et al.   Molecular Metabolism

Neurturin is a PGC-1α1-controlled myokine that promotes motor neuron recruitment and neuromuscular junction formation

(2018) Richard Mills et al.   Molecular Metabolism

New Advances in Adaptive Thermogenesis: UCP1 and Beyond

(2018) Edward T. Chouchani et al.   Cell Metabolism

Cinnabarinic acid and xanthurenic acid: Two kynurenine metabolites that interact with metabotropic glutamate receptors

(2017) Francesco Fazio et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Kynurenine pathway metabolites and suicidality

(2017) Elena Y. Bryleva et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Xanthurenic Acid Formation from 3-Hydroxykynurenine in the Mammalian Brain: Neurochemical Characterization and Physiological Effects

(2017) K.V. Sathyasaikumar et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

NAD Deficiency, Congenital Malformations, and Niacin Supplementation

(2017) Hongjun Shi et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Kynurenines: Tryptophan’s metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health

(2017) Igor Cervenka et al.   SCIENCE

Structural and mechanistic basis of differentiated inhibitors of the acute pancreatitis target kynurenine-3-monooxygenase

(2017) Jonathan P. Hutchinson et al.   Nature Communications

Characterisation of L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle by Immunofluorescent Microscopy

(2017) Nathan Hodson et al.   Nutrients

An excessive increase in glutamate contributes to glucose-toxicity in β-cells via activation of pancreatic NMDA receptors in rodent diabetes

(2017) Xiao-Ting Huang et al.   Scientific Reports

Endurance exercise increases skeletal muscle kynurenine aminotransferases and plasma kynurenic acid in humans

(2016) Maja Schlittler et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY

EGLN1 Inhibition and Rerouting of α-Ketoglutarate Suffice for Remote Ischemic Protection

(2016) Benjamin A. Olenchock et al.   CELL

Skeletal muscle as a gene regulatory endocrine organ

(2016) Kristian Karstoft et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE

Ebselen Is a Potential Anti-Osteoporosis Agent by Suppressing Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation In vitro and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Bone Destruction In vivo

(2016) Jong Min Baek et al.   International Journal of Biological Sciences

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1 α Isoforms Selectively Regulate Multiple Splicing Events on Target Genes

(2016) Vicente Martínez-Redondo et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Inhibition of Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporters Suppresses Kynurenic Acid Production Via Inhibition of Kynurenine Uptake in Rodent Brain

(2016) Airi Sekine et al.   NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH

Kynurenic acid and zaprinast induce analgesia by modulating HCN channels through GPR35 activation

(2016) Francesco Resta et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases

(2016) Nada Sallam et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Protein-leucine ingestion activates a regenerative inflammo-myogenic transcriptome in skeletal muscle following intense endurance exercise

(2016) David S. Rowlands et al.   PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS

Physiological Roles of Non-Neuronal NMDA Receptors

(2016) Adam D. Hogan-Cann et al.   TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Maximal Oxidative Capacity during Exercise Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Fuel Selection and Dynamic Changes in Mitochondrial Protein Acetylation

(2015) Katherine A. Overmyer et al.   Cell Metabolism

The hitchhiker’s guide to PGC-1α isoform structure and biological functions

(2015) Vicente Martínez-Redondo et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficiency protects mice from diet-induced adiposity and metabolic disorders through increased energy expenditure

(2015) C-X Xu et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY

Exercise and Sarcopenia

(2015) Steven Phu et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY

Free-radical scavenging by tryptophan and its metabolites through electron transfer based processes

(2015) Adriana Pérez-González et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 35 Mediates Human Saphenous Vein Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Endothelial Cell Proliferation

(2015) Jennifer E. McCallum et al.   JOURNAL OF VASCULAR RESEARCH

Characterization of pancreatic NMDA receptors as possible drug targets for diabetes treatment

(2015) Jan Marquard et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Exercise remodels subcutaneous fat tissue and improves metabolism

(2015) Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson et al.   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Physiological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of bone mechanosensing

(2015) Zhousheng Xiao et al.   REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS

Intercellular: local and systemic actions of skeletal muscle PGC-1s

(2015) Jorge C. Correia et al.   TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Xanthurenic Acid Activates mGlu2/3 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and is a Potential Trait Marker for Schizophrenia

(2015) Francesco Fazio et al.   Scientific Reports

G protein-coupled receptor 35: an emerging target in inflammatory and cardiovascular disease

(2015) Nina Divorty et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Amino acids inhibit kynurenic acid formation via suppression of kynurenine uptake or kynurenic acid synthesis in rat brain in vitro

(2015) Airi Sekine et al.   SpringerPlus

Metabolomic Analysis of the Skeletal Muscle of Mice Overexpressing PGC-1α

(2015) Yukino Hatazawa et al.   PLoS One

Anthranilic acid derivatives as novel ligands for farnesoid X receptor (FXR)

(2014) Daniel Merk et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Integrative Biology of Exercise

(2014) John A. Hawley et al.   CELL

Meteorin-like Is a Hormone that Regulates Immune-Adipose Interactions to Increase Beige Fat Thermogenesis

(2014) Rajesh R. Rao et al.   CELL

Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α1 Modulates Kynurenine Metabolism and Mediates Resilience to Stress-Induced Depression

(2014) Leandro Z. Agudelo et al.   CELL

β-Aminoisobutyric Acid Induces Browning of White Fat and Hepatic β-Oxidation and Is Inversely Correlated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

(2014) Lee D. Roberts et al.   Cell Metabolism

The potential of targeting NMDA receptors outside the CNS

(2014) Milica Bozic et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS

Identification of Cinnabarinic Acid as a Novel Endogenous Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand That Drives IL-22 Production

(2014) Margaret M. Lowe et al.   PLoS One

PGC-1α-Mediated Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in the Skeletal Muscle

(2014) Yukino Hatazawa et al.   PLoS One

Lactate oxidation at the mitochondria: a lactate-malate-aspartate shuttle at work

(2014) Daniel A. Kane   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Transport of Xanthurenic Acid by Rat/Human Organic Anion Transporters OAT1 and OAT3

(2013) Yuichi UWAI et al.   BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-induced G protein-coupled receptor 35 expression is an early marker of progressive cardiac remodelling

(2013) Veli-Pekka Ronkainen et al.   CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH

Exercise Induces Hippocampal BDNF through a PGC-1α/FNDC5 Pathway

(2013) Christiane D. Wrann et al.   Cell Metabolism

Exercise Metabolism and the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation

(2013) Brendan Egan et al.   Cell Metabolism

A community-based study on determinants of circulating markers of cellular immune activation and kynurenines: the Hordaland Health Study

(2013) D. Theofylaktopoulou et al.   CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY

The SLC3 and SLC7 families of amino acid transporters

(2013) Dimitrios Fotiadis et al.   MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE

Structural basis of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibition

(2013) Marta Amaral et al.   NATURE

Physical Exercise and Clinically Depressed Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(2013) Heitor Silveira et al.   NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY

Modulation of Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission by the Kynurenine Pathway Member Xanthurenic Acid and Other VGLUT Inhibitors

(2013) S A Neale et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Beneficial effects of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and cognition

(2013) Kirsten Hötting et al.   NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS

Exercise, GLUT4, and Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake

(2013) Erik A. Richter et al.   PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

A PGC-1α Isoform Induced by Resistance Training Regulates Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

(2012) Jorge L. Ruas et al.   CELL

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy

(2012) P. Bonaldo et al.   Disease Models & Mechanisms

Alterations in amino acid concentrations in the plasma and muscle in human subjects during 24 h of simulated adventure racing

(2012) Marcus Borgenvik et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

Excitotoxicity: Bridge to various triggers in neurodegenerative disorders

(2012) Ankita Mehta et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Kynurenine pathway inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection

(2012) Trevor W. Stone et al.   FEBS Journal

Genome-wide association analysis in Primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis identifies risk loci atGPR35andTCF4

(2012) David Ellinghaus et al.   HEPATOLOGY

A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis

(2012) Pontus Boström et al.   NATURE

Sarcolipin is a newly identified regulator of muscle-based thermogenesis in mammals

(2012) Naresh C Bal et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Kynurenines in the CNS: recent advances and new questions

(2012) László Vécsei et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Cancer cachexia prevention via physical exercise: molecular mechanisms

(2012) Douglas W. Gould et al.   Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle

Physical Activity Improves Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

(2011) Elisabet Johannesson et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Skeletal muscle amino acid transporter expression is increased in young and older adults following resistance exercise

(2011) Micah J. Drummond et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

An endogenous tumour-promoting ligand of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor

(2011) Christiane A. Opitz et al.   NATURE

On the antioxidant properties of kynurenic acid: Free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of oxidative stress

(2011) R. Lugo-Huitrón et al.   NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY

Interaction and transport of kynurenic acid via human organic anion transporters hOAT1 and hOAT3

(2011) Yuichi Uwai et al.   PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Fiber Types in Mammalian Skeletal Muscles

(2011) Stefano Schiaffino et al.   PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

GPR35 as a Novel Therapeutic Target

(2011) A. E. MacKenzie et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Expression of functional GPR35 in human iNKT cells

(2010) Silvia Fallarini et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Identification of genes related to heart failure using global gene expression profiling of human failing myocardium

(2010) Kyung-Duk Min et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Identification of novel species-selective agonists of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR35 that promote recruitment of β-arrestin-2 and activate Gα13

(2010) Laura Jenkins et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

An Interaction between Kynurenine and the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Can Generate Regulatory T Cells

(2010) J. D. Mezrich et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Targeting of the Orphan Receptor GPR35 by Pamoic Acid: A Potent Activator of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and  -Arrestin2 with Antinociceptive Activity

(2010) P. Zhao et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY

G-protein coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) activation and inflammatory pain: Studies on the antinociceptive effects of kynurenic acid and zaprinast

(2010) Cristina Cosi et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Kynurenic Acid Is a Potent Endogenous Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand that Synergistically Induces Interleukin-6 in the Presence of Inflammatory Signaling

(2010) Brett C. DiNatale et al.   TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES

The Peripheral Antinociceptive Effects of Endomorphin-1 and Kynurenic Acid in the Rat Inflamed Joint Model

(2009) Laszlo Mecs et al.   ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA

Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis

(2009) K Y Wolin et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER

Structure, expression, and function of kynurenine aminotransferases in human and rodent brains

(2009) Qian Han et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES

The role of kynurenines in disorders of the central nervous system: Possibilities for neuroprotection

(2009) Eniko Vamos et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Common variants at five new loci associated with early-onset inflammatory bowel disease

(2009) Marcin Imielinski et al.   NATURE GENETICS

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism decreases motility and inflammatory activation in the early phase of acute experimental colitis in the rat

(2009) g. varga et al.   NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY

The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α mediates exercise-induced angiogenesis in skeletal muscle

(2009) Jessica Chinsomboon et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Tetrahydro anthranilic acid as a surrogate for anthranilic acid: Application to the discovery of potent niacin receptor agonists

(2008) Subharekha Raghavan et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS

Inflammatory Signaling and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mediate Synergistic Induction of Interleukin 6 in MCF-7 Cells

(2008) B. D. Hollingshead et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Regulation of the maturation of osteoblasts and osteoclastogenesis by glutamate

(2008) Tzu-Hung Lin et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

5-Nitro-2-(3-Phenylpropylamino)benzoic Acid Is a GPR35 Agonist

(2008) Yasuhito Taniguchi et al.   PHARMACOLOGY