The Non-Essential Amino Acid Cysteine Becomes Essential for Tumor Proliferation and Survival

Increased Serine Synthesis Provides an Advantage for Tumors Arising in Tissues Where Serine Levels Are Limiting

(2019) Mark R. Sullivan et al.   Cell Metabolism

Regulators of the Transsulfuration Pathway

(2018) Juan I Sbodio et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

p53 Suppresses Metabolic Stress-Induced Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells

(2018) Amy Tarangelo et al.   Cell Reports

BAP1 links metabolic regulation of ferroptosis to tumour suppression

(2018) Yilei Zhang et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Methionine restriction leads to hyperhomocysteinemia and alters hepatic H2S production capacity in Fischer-344 rats

(2018) Nahid Tamanna et al.   MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT

Role of Mitochondria in Ferroptosis

(2018) Minghui Gao et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Cysteine reactivity across the subcellular universe

(2018) Daniel W Bak et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY

CHAC2 is essential for self-renewal and glutathione maintenance in human embryonic stem cells

(2017) Cheng-Kai Wang et al.   FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

The glutamate/cystine antiporter SLC7A11/xCT enhances cancer cell dependency on glucose by exporting glutamate

(2017) Pranavi Koppula et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Cystine uptake through the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT triggers glioblastoma cell death under glucose deprivation

(2017) Takeo Goji et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

mTORC2 Regulates Amino Acid Metabolism in Cancer by Phosphorylation of the Cystine-Glutamate Antiporter xCT

(2017) Yuchao Gu et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

mTOR Inhibition Restores Amino Acid Balance in Cells Dependent on Catabolism of Extracellular Protein

(2017) Michel Nofal et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Keap1 loss promotes Kras-driven lung cancer and results in dependence on glutaminolysis

(2017) Rodrigo Romero et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Critical role for PI3-kinase in regulating the use of proteins as an amino acid source

(2017) Wilhelm Palm et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Oncogenic PI3K promotes methionine dependency in breast cancer cells through the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT

(2017) Evan C. Lien et al.   Science Signaling

The glutamate/cystine xCT antiporter antagonizes glutamine metabolism and reduces nutrient flexibility

(2017) Chun-Shik Shin et al.   Nature Communications

Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase governs cysteine polysulfidation and mitochondrial bioenergetics

(2017) Takaaki Akaike et al.   Nature Communications

High pretreatment serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase predicts an inferior outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

(2017) Min Luo et al.   Oncotarget

CHAC1 degradation of glutathione enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis in human triple negative breast cancer cells via the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway

(2017) Meng-Shian Chen et al.   Oncotarget

Cysteine transporter SLC3A1 promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis

(2017) Yang Jiang et al.   Theranostics

Oncogene-Selective Sensitivity to Synchronous Cell Death following Modulation of the Amino Acid Nutrient Cystine

(2017) Ioannis Poursaitidis et al.   Cell Reports

Environmental cystine drives glutamine anaplerosis and sensitizes cancer cells to glutaminase inhibition

(2017) Alexander Muir et al.   eLife

Activation of the NRF2 antioxidant program generates an imbalance in central carbon metabolism in cancer

(2017) Volkan I Sayin et al.   eLife

Oncogenic PI3K promotes methionine dependency in breast cancer cells through the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT

(2017) Evan C. Lien et al.   Science Signaling

Homocysteine modulates 5-lipoxygenase expression level via DNA methylation

(2016) Jian-Guo Li et al.   AGING CELL

Paracrine Induction of HIF by Glutamate in Breast Cancer: EglN1 Senses Cysteine

(2016) Kimberly J. Briggs et al.   CELL

The integrated stress response

(2016) Karolina Pakos‐Zebrucka et al.   EMBO REPORTS

Amino Acid Transport Associated to Cluster of Differentiation 98 Heavy Chain (CD98hc) Is at the Cross-road of Oxidative Stress and Amino Acid Availability

(2016) Laura R. de la Ballina et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Uses and abuses of macropinocytosis

(2016) Gareth Bloomfield et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

Fluorescence-based measurement of cystine uptake through xCT shows requirement for ROS detoxification in activated lymphocytes

(2016) Peter J. Siska et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS

Increased Expression of System x c − in Glioblastoma Confers an Altered Metabolic State and Temozolomide Resistance

(2016) Monika D. Polewski et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH

Systemic depletion of L-cyst(e)ine with cyst(e)inase increases reactive oxygen species and suppresses tumor growth

(2016) Shira L Cramer et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Direct evidence for cancer-cell-autonomous extracellular protein catabolism in pancreatic tumors

(2016) Shawn M Davidson et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

The importance of the excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3)

(2016) Walden E. Bjørn-Yoshimoto et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

Cystinosis: a review

(2016) Mohamed A. Elmonem et al.   Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

Sulfasalazine impacts on ferroptotic cell death and alleviates the tumor microenvironment and glioma-induced brain edema

(2016) Tina Sehm et al.   Oncotarget

Mitochondrial dysfunction remodels one-carbon metabolism in human cells

(2016) Xiaoyan Robert Bao et al.   eLife

Inhibition of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma to chemotherapeutic drugs by inhibiting mitochondrial DNA repair and suppressing cellular bioenergetics

(2016) Bartosz Szczesny et al.   Scientific Reports

Immunotargeting of Antigen xCT Attenuates Stem-like Cell Behavior and Metastatic Progression in Breast Cancer

(2015) S. Lanzardo et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Human Pancreatic Cancer Tumors Are Nutrient Poor and Tumor Cells Actively Scavenge Extracellular Protein

(2015) J. J. Kamphorst et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

The Utilization of Extracellular Proteins as Nutrients Is Suppressed by mTORC1

(2015) Wilhelm Palm et al.   CELL

Loss of cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) induces the transsulfuration pathway and inhibits ferroptosis induced by cystine deprivation

(2015) M Hayano et al.   CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION

Cysteine is not a substrate but a specific modulator of human ASCT2 (SLC1A5) transporter

(2015) Mariafrancesca Scalise et al.   FEBS LETTERS

Activation of the p62-Keap1-NRF2 pathway protects against ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

(2015) Xiaofang Sun et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Human CHAC1 Protein Degrades Glutathione, and mRNA Induction Is Regulated by the Transcription Factors ATF4 and ATF3 and a Bipartite ATF/CRE Regulatory Element

(2015) Rebecca R. Crawford et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Cystinosin is a Component of the Vacuolar H+-ATPase-Ragulator-Rag Complex Controlling Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling

(2015) Z. Andrzejewska et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY

Transcriptional control of autophagy–lysosome function drives pancreatic cancer metabolism

(2015) Rushika M. Perera et al.   NATURE

Ferroptosis as a p53-mediated activity during tumour suppression

(2015) Le Jiang et al.   NATURE

NRF2 regulates serine biosynthesis in non–small cell lung cancer

(2015) Gina M DeNicola et al.   NATURE GENETICS

Drug repurposing: sulfasalazine sensitizes gliomas to gamma knife radiosurgery by blocking cystine uptake through system Xc−, leading to glutathione depletion

(2015) L Sleire et al.   ONCOGENE

Expression of xCT and activity of system x c − are regulated by NRF2 in human breast cancer cells in response to oxidative stress

(2015) Eric Habib et al.   Redox Biology

Regulation of Ferroptotic Cancer Cell Death by GPX4

(2014) Wan Seok Yang et al.   CELL

Nrf2- and ATF4-Dependent Upregulation of xCT Modulates the Sensitivity of T24 Bladder Carcinoma Cells to Proteasome Inhibition

(2014) P. Ye et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY

Stress-induced inhibition of nonsense-mediated RNA decay regulates intracellular cystine transport and intracellular glutathione through regulation of the cystine/glutamate exchanger SLC7A11

(2014) L Martin et al.   ONCOGENE

Cysteine Transport through Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 (EAAT3)

(2014) Spencer D. Watts et al.   PLoS One

Pharmacological inhibition of cystine–glutamate exchange induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis

(2014) Scott J Dixon et al.   eLife

Homocysteine-related hTERT DNA demethylation contributes to shortened leukocyte telomere length in atherosclerosis

(2013) Donghong Zhang et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

A perspective on mammalian upstream open reading frame function

(2013) Joanna Somers et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY

Macropinocytosis of protein is an amino acid supply route in Ras-transformed cells

(2013) Cosimo Commisso et al.   NATURE

Role of Glutathione in Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance

(2013) Nicola Traverso et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Cystathionine Protects against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Lipid Accumulation, Tissue Injury, and Apoptotic Cell Death

(2012) Kenneth N. Maclean et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Integrated Stress Response Modulates Cellular Redox State via Induction of Cystathionine γ-Lyase

(2012) Jeffrey G. Dickhout et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Stromal control of cystine metabolism promotes cancer cell survival in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

(2012) Wan Zhang et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Frequent Epigenetic Silencing of the Folate-Metabolising Gene Cystathionine-Beta-Synthase in Gastrointestinal Cancer

(2012) Hong Zhao et al.   PLoS One

Elevated mRNA expression of CHAC1 splicing variants is associated with poor outcome for breast and ovarian cancer patients

(2011) G Goebel et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER

Keap1 Mutations and Nrf2 Pathway Activation in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

(2011) P. A. Konstantinopoulos et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

(2011) Douglas Hanahan et al.   CELL

Cystathionine γ-Lyase-deficient Mice Require Dietary Cysteine to Protect against Acute Lethal Myopathy and Oxidative Injury

(2010) Isao Ishii et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

A novel transgenic mouse model of CBS-deficient homocystinuria does not incur hepatic steatosis or fibrosis and exhibits a hypercoagulative phenotype that is ameliorated by betaine treatment

(2010) Kenneth N. Maclean et al.   MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM

Early termination of ISRCTN45828668, a phase 1/2 prospective, randomized study of Sulfasalazine for the treatment of progressing malignant gliomas in adults

(2009) Pierre A Robe et al.   BMC CANCER

Expression of cystathionine β-synthase is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and associated with poor prognosis

(2009) Kim   ONCOLOGY REPORTS

ATF4-dependent transcription mediates signaling of amino acid limitation

(2009) Michael S. Kilberg et al.   TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Distinct classes of trafficking rBAT mutants cause the type I cystinuria phenotype

(2008) Paola Bartoccioni et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Basal Levels of eIF2α Phosphorylation Determine Cellular Antioxidant Status by Regulating ATF4 and xCT Expression

(2008) Jan Lewerenz et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

An Allosteric Mechanism for Switching between Parallel Tracks in Mammalian Sulfur Metabolism

(2008) Tatyana K. Korendyaseva et al.   PLoS Computational Biology