Type I Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Clostridia

Type II toxin/antitoxin system ParESO /CopASO stabilizes prophage CP4So in Shewanella oneidensis

(2018) Jianyun Yao et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Toxins, Targets, and Triggers: An Overview of Toxin-Antitoxin Biology

(2018) Alexander Harms et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Glutamine-rich toxic proteins GrtA, GrtB and GrtC together with the antisense RNA AsgR constitute a toxin-antitoxin-like system in Corynebacterium glutamicum

(2018) Tomoya Maeda et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Discovery of new type I toxin–antitoxin systems adjacent to CRISPR arrays in Clostridium difficile

(2018) Anna Maikova et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Bacillus subtilis Type I antitoxin SR6 Promotes Degradation of Toxin yonT mRNA and Is Required to Prevent Toxic yoyJ Overexpression

(2018) Celine Reif et al.   Toxins

A new sRNA mediated post-transcriptional regulation system for Bacillus subtilis

(2018) Sen Yang et al.   BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING

New Insights Into Functions and Possible Applications of Clostridium difficile CRISPR-Cas System

(2018) Anna Maikova et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Bacteriophages Contribute to Shaping Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Species

(2018) Louis-Charles Fortier   Frontiers in Microbiology

Functionality and cross-regulation of the four SprG/SprF type I toxin–antitoxin systems in Staphylococcus aureus

(2018) Camille Riffaud et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

A novel Staphylococcus aureus cis–trans type I toxin–antitoxin module with dual effects on bacteria and host cells

(2018) Noëlla Germain-Amiot et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

A Systematic Overview of Type II and III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems with a Focus on Druggability

(2018) Sung-Min Kang et al.   Toxins

Persistent bacterial infections and persister cells

(2017) Robert A. Fisher et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Mechanistic insights into type I toxin antitoxin systems inHelicobacter pylori:the importance of mRNA folding in controlling toxin expression

(2017) Hélène Arnion et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

sRNA and cis-antisense sRNA identification in Staphylococcus aureus highlights an unusual sRNA gene cluster with one encoding a secreted peptide

(2017) Julie Bronsard et al.   Scientific Reports

Bacterial Genome Editing via a Designed Toxin–Antitoxin Cassette

(2017) Jie Wu et al.   ACS Synthetic Biology

Virulence factors of Clostridium difficile and their role during infection

(2016) Claire Janoir   ANAEROBE

Coupling immunity and programmed cell suicide in prokaryotes: Life-or-death choices

(2016) Eugene V. Koonin et al.   BIOESSAYS

Linking bacterial type I toxins with their actions

(2016) Régine Brielle et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY

Toxin-Antitoxin systems eliminate defective cells and preserve symmetry in B acillus subtilis biofilms

(2016) Zohar Bloom-Ackermann et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Structural Determinants for Antitoxin Identity and Insulation of Cross Talk between Homologous Toxin-Antitoxin Systems

(2016) Lauren R. Walling et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Heat-shock-induced refolding entails rapid degradation of bsrG toxin mRNA by RNases Y and J1

(2016) Natalie Jahn et al.   MICROBIOLOGY-SGM

Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial growth arrest and persistence

(2016) Rebecca Page et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

The 5΄ UTR of the type I toxin ZorO can both inhibit and enhance translation

(2016) Jia Wen et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

A multistress responsive type I toxin-antitoxin system:bsrE/SR5 from theB. subtilischromosome

(2016) Peter Müller et al.   RNA Biology

Mutually exclusive RNA secondary structures regulate translation initiation of DinQ inEscherichia coli

(2016) Knut I. Kristiansen et al.   RNA

Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria

(2016) Ki-Young Lee et al.   Toxins

Clostridium difficile infection

(2016) Wiep Klaas Smits et al.   Nature Reviews Disease Primers

Converting a Staphylococcus aureus Toxin into Effective Cyclic Pseudopeptide Antibiotics

(2015) Olivia Solecki et al.   CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY

Clostridium difficilerecurrent infection: possible implication of TA systems

(2015) Fernando Gil et al.   Future Microbiology

Development of DinQ from Escherichia coli as an anti-cell-envelope antibiotic

(2015) James A. Booth et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Comprehensive Functional Analysis of the 18 Vibrio cholerae N16961 Toxin-Antitoxin Systems Substantiates Their Role in Stabilizing the Superintegron

(2015) Naeem Iqbal et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

In VitroCharacterization of the Type I Toxin-Antitoxin SystembsrE/SR5 fromBacillus subtilis

(2015) Christin Meißner et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

An ADP-ribosyltransferase Alt of bacteriophage T4 negatively regulates theEscherichia coli MazF toxin of a toxin-antitoxin module

(2015) Abdulraheem M. Alawneh et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Against the mainstream: the membrane-associated type I toxin BsrG fromBacillus subtilisinterferes with cell envelope biosynthesis without increasing membrane permeability

(2015) Natalie Jahn et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

CRISPR-Cas immunity in prokaryotes

(2015) Luciano A. Marraffini   NATURE

Genomics of Clostridium tetani

(2015) Holger Brüggemann et al.   RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY

Regulatory crosstalk between type I and type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the human pathogenEnterococcus faecalis

(2015) Françoise Wessner et al.   RNA Biology

Function of the CRISPR-Cas System of the Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile

(2015) Pierre Boudry et al.   mBio

Distinct type I and type II toxin-antitoxin modules control Salmonella lifestyle inside eukaryotic cells

(2015) Damián Lobato-Márquez et al.   Scientific Reports

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Bacterial Persisters

(2014) Etienne Maisonneuve et al.   CELL

The Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 lineage: a pathogen on the move

(2014) E. Valiente et al.   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Pleiotropic Role of the RNA Chaperone Protein Hfq in the Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile

(2014) P. Boudry et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Clostridium difficile and the microbiota

(2014) Anna M. Seekatz et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

RalR (a DNase) and RalA (a small RNA) form a type I toxin–antitoxin system in Escherichia coli

(2014) Yunxue Guo et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

A widespread bacteriophage abortive infection system functions through a Type IV toxin–antitoxin mechanism

(2014) Ron L. Dy et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Dual Toxic-Peptide-Coding Staphylococcus aureus RNA under Antisense Regulation Targets Host Cells and Bacterial Rivals Unequally

(2014) Marie-Laure Pinel-Marie et al.   Cell Reports

sRNA Antitoxins: More than One Way to Repress a Toxin

(2014) Jia Wen et al.   Toxins

Toxin-Antitoxin systems: their role in persistence, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity

(2014) Yurong Wen et al.   Pathogens and Disease

Massive Activation of Archaeal Defense Genes during Viral Infection

(2013) T. E. F. Quax et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

The ZorO-OrzO type I toxin–antitoxin locus: repression by the OrzO antitoxin

(2013) Jia Wen et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

One antitoxin—two functions: SR4 controls toxin mRNA decay and translation

(2013) Natalie Jahn et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Characterization of a Streptococcus mutans Intergenic Region Containing a Small Toxic Peptide and Its cis-Encoded Antisense Small RNA Antitoxin

(2013) Stephanie Koyanagi et al.   PLoS One

Association of RNAs with Bacillus subtilis Hfq

(2013) Michael Dambach et al.   PLoS One

Importance of prophages to evolution and virulence of bacterial pathogens

(2013) Louis-Charles Fortier et al.   Virulence

Genome-Wide Identification of Regulatory RNAs in the Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile

(2013) Olga A. Soutourina et al.   PLoS Genetics

Bacterial Persistence and Toxin-Antitoxin Loci

(2012) Kenn Gerdes et al.   Annual Review of Microbiology

TheClostridium difficile spo0AGene Is a Persistence and Transmission Factor

(2012) Laura J. Deakin et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Clostridium difficile MazF Toxin Exhibits Selective, Not Global, mRNA Cleavage

(2012) F. P. Rothenbacher et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Functional and Structural Insights of aStaphylococcus aureusApoptotic-like Membrane Peptide from a Toxin-Antitoxin Module

(2012) Nour Sayed et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

BsrG/SR4 from Bacillus subtilis- the first temperature-dependent type I toxin-antitoxin system

(2012) Natalie Jahn et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Identification and classification of bacterial Type III toxin–antitoxin systems encoded in chromosomal and plasmid genomes

(2012) Tim R. Blower et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

New type I toxin-antitoxin families from “wild” and laboratory strains ofE. coli

(2012) Elizabeth M. Fozo   RNA Biology

Type I toxin-antitoxin systems inBacillus subtilis

(2012) Sylvain Durand et al.   RNA Biology

Bacterial type I toxin-antitoxin systems

(2012) Sabine Brantl   RNA Biology

Divergently overlappingcis-encoded antisense RNA regulating toxin-antitoxin systems fromE. coli

(2012) Mitsuoki Kawano   RNA Biology

The Essential Function of B. subtilis RNase III Is to Silence Foreign Toxin Genes

(2012) Sylvain Durand et al.   PLoS Genetics

Toxin-Antitoxin Systems Influence Biofilm and Persister Cell Formation and the General Stress Response

(2011) Xiaoxue Wang et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Prophage-Stimulated Toxin Production in Clostridium difficile NAP1/027 Lysogens

(2011) O. Sekulovic et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Hfq and its constellation of RNA

(2011) Jörg Vogel et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

A cis-antisense RNA acts in trans in Staphylococcus aureus to control translation of a human cytolytic peptide

(2011) Nour Sayed et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Genomes of the Most Dangerous Epidemic Bacteria Have a Virulence Repertoire Characterized by Fewer Genes but More Toxin-Antitoxin Modules

(2011) Kalliopi Georgiades et al.   PLoS One

Biology of Clostridium difficile: Implications for Epidemiology and Diagnosis

(2010) Carroll Karen C. et al.   Annual Review of Microbiology

Escherichia coli rnlA and rnlB Compose a Novel Toxin-Antitoxin System

(2010) M. Koga et al.   GENETICS

NoncognateMycobacterium tuberculosisToxin-Antitoxins Can Physically and Functionally Interact

(2010) Ling Zhu et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Abundance of type I toxin–antitoxin systems in bacteria: searches for new candidates and discovery of novel families

(2010) Elizabeth M. Fozo et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Characterization of the Interaction and Cross-Regulation of Three Mycobacterium tuberculosis RelBE Modules

(2010) Min Yang et al.   PLoS One

Ciprofloxacin Causes Persister Formation by Inducing the TisB toxin in Escherichia coli

(2010) Tobias Dörr et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

Regulation of the mazEF Toxin-Antitoxin Module in Staphylococcus aureus and Its Impact on sigB Expression

(2009) N. P. Donegan et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Bacteriophage-Mediated Toxin Gene Regulation in Clostridium difficile

(2009) R. Govind et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis

(2009) Maja Rupnik et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

The phage abortive infection system, ToxIN, functions as a protein–RNA toxin–antitoxin pair

(2009) Peter C. Fineran et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

SOS Response Induces Persistence to Fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli

(2009) Tobias Dörr et al.   PLoS Genetics

A Toxin–Antitoxin System Promotes the Maintenance of an Integrative Conjugative Element

(2009) Rachel A. F. Wozniak et al.   PLoS Genetics

Repression of small toxic protein synthesis by the Sib and OhsC small RNAs

(2008) Elizabeth M. Fozo et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY