Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Joana Reis, Antonio Ramos
Summary: Oxidative stress plays a central role in physiological and pathological bone conditions, regulating bone cell population differentiation, activity, and fate. While the interplay between redox balance and response to mechanical stimuli is not fully understood, the potential for its use and manipulation with therapeutic goals is nearly limitless.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Chao Chen, Xiaomin Kang, Congcong Li, Feng Guo, Qiaohong Wang, Aimin Zhao
Summary: The study investigated the expression of STATs in different stages of pregnancy and their role in trophoblast differentiation. Co-culture model showed DSCs promoted trophoblast differentiation into EVT by regulating the STAT expression. Silencing of STATs in HTR-8/SVneo cells affected the expression of MMPs and integrins.
Review
Rheumatology
Suravi Raychaudhuri, Karmtej Singh Cheema, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Siba P. Raychaudhuri
Summary: This review focuses on the significance of JAK-STAT signaling proteins in SpA and discusses the development of new-generation JAK-STAT inhibitors for the treatment of SpA.
CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Allahdad Zarei, Anna Ballard, Linda Cox, Peter Bayguinov, Taylor Harris, Jennifer L. Davis, Philip Roper, James Fitzpatrick, Roberta Faccio, Deborah J. Veis
Summary: Mitochondria are essential organelles forming highly complex networks inside cells, with GTPase mitofusin 2 (MFN2) regulating mitochondrial morphology and affecting metabolic and signaling functions. The role of mitochondria in bone formation is unclear, but MFN2 levels increase during osteoblast differentiation. Deficiency of MFN2 leads to increased oxygen consumption, mineralization, and expression of osteoblast markers in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ha-Neui Kim, Kimberly K. Richardson, Kimberly J. Krager, Wen Ling, Pilar Simmons, Antino R. Allen, Nukhet Aykin-Burns
Summary: The study demonstrated that exposure to GCR induced trabecular bone loss in the femur of adult mice but had no effect on the trabecular bone in the spine. GCR exposure increased markers for osteoclast differentiation and formation, but did not impact new bone formation or osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, GCR exposure led to a metabolic rewiring of mitochondria in pre-osteoclasts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kriti Sharma, Shiv Kumar, Ravi Prakash, Sonu Khanka, Tripti Mishra, Rajat Rathur, Arpon Biswas, Sarvesh Kumar Verma, R. S. Bhatta, T. Narender, Divya Singh
Summary: Chebulinic acid (CA), derived from Triphala, has been found to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. In an inflammatory bone loss condition, CA can prevent bone loss, improve bone micro-architectures, enhance bone regeneration, and maintain bone serum markers. CA also reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuates inflammatory impairment to osteoblast cells through the suppression of the NFkB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that CA may be a potential novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases in bones.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manoj Govindarajulu, Sindhu Ramesh, Logan Neel, Mary Fabbrini, Manal Buabeid, Ayaka Fujihashi, Darby Dwyer, Tyler Lynd, Karishma Shah, Kochupurackal P. Mohanakumar, Forrest Smith, Timothy Moore, Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment currently available. Dysfunctional SIRT3 is strongly associated with AD pathologies, suggesting therapeutic modulation of SIRT3 activity as a promising approach for improving the disease progression. Natural SIRT3 activators derived from traditional medicine show potential neuroprotective benefits for the treatment and management of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilson Cheuk Wing Chan, Zhijia Tan, Michael Kai Tsun To, Danny Chan
Summary: Bone is a dynamic tissue that responds to environmental changes such as nutrition and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis is maintained through bone remodeling in adulthood, which involves a controlled balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. During embryonic development, bones can form through intramembraneous or endochondral ossification.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Abu Mohammad Syed, Chetan Ram, Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty, Bidya Dhar Sahu
Summary: The article discusses the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the cardiac protective effect of Nrf2, and the potential therapeutic possibilities of Nrf2 activators from herbal origin in treating cardiovascular diseases.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Marisol Cano, Sayantan Datta, Lei Wang, Tongyun Liu, Miguel Flores-Bellver, Mira Sachdeva, Debasish Sinha, James T. Handa
Summary: Studies have shown that Nrf2 deficiency affects mitochondrial antioxidant response and exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cell death. Furthermore, Nrf2 indirectly supplies NADPH through influencing PPP and IDH shuttle activity, which also impacts the pathobiology of AMD.
Article
Cell Biology
Xumin Li, Haiyan Lin, Xiaorong Zhang, Richard T. Jaspers, Qihao Yu, Yinghui Ji, Tim Forouzanfar, Dongyun Wang, Shengbin Huang, Gang Wu
Summary: NGR1 can significantly attenuate oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and restore osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts by suppressing JNK signaling pathway activation, making it a promising agent in treating osteoporosis.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jung Ha Kim, Kabsun Kim, Inyoung Kim, Semun Seong, Hyun Kook, Kyung Keun Kim, Jeong-Tae Koh, Nacksung Kim
Summary: CrkL regulates the coupling signals between osteoblasts and osteoclasts by decreasing RANKL expression, which plays a crucial role in bone homeostasis by inhibiting both osteoblast-dependent osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-dependent osteoblast differentiation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan Hirschenson, Ryan J. Mailloux
Summary: The study demonstrates that glutathionylation can enhance ROS production by mitochondria, with different effects depending on the oxidizing sources and inhibitors used.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jiaying Li, Hong Cao, Xuchang Zhou, Jianmin Guo, Chengqiang Zheng
Summary: Bone metabolic homeostasis relies on the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, which can be affected by oxidative stress. Traditional Chinese medicine has been shown to alleviate oxidative stress-mediated bone metabolic disorders by modulating multiple signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wen Su, Wei Qiu, Shu-Jin Li, Shuo Wang, Jun Xie, Qi-Chao Yang, Jiming Xu, Junjie Zhang, Zhigang Xu, Zhi-Jun Sun
Summary: This study reports a combinational therapeutic strategy that combines tumor microenvironment-reactive oxygen species/pH dual-responsive signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 inhibitor nanoprodrugs with oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 virotherapy to enhance immunotherapy. This strategy successfully activates robust T-cell-dependent antitumor responses, potentiating immune checkpoint blockade effects against local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis in preclinical cold murine triple-negative breast cancer and syngeneic oral cancer models.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jemima E. Schadow, David Maxey, Toby O. Smith, Mikko A. J. Finnila, Sarah L. Manske, Neil A. Segal, Andy Kin On Wong, Rachel A. Davey, Tom Turmezei, Kathryn S. Stok
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the published parameters for assessing subchondral bone in human osteoarthritis using computed tomography. The study identified clinically meaningful parameter categories and emphasized the importance of quantification and standardized measurement methods for improving the evaluation of disease progression.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lindsay L. Loundagin, Kim D. Harrison, Xuan Wei, David M. L. Cooper
Summary: This study developed new techniques to define zones of BMU activity based on the 3D morphology of remodeling spaces in rabbit cortical bone and integrated morphological data with the BMU longitudinal erosion rate (LER) to elucidate the spatial-temporal coordination of BMUs and estimate mineral apposition rate (MAR). The results showed that the manual and semi-automated methods accurately defined the zones of remodeling spaces, and these techniques have the potential to assess dynamic parameters of bone resorption and formation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soroush Masrouri, Farzad Esmaeili, Maryam Tohidi, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh
Summary: This study examined the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and fracture incidence. The results showed that rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) can increase the incidence of fractures among the general population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Steven J. Meas, Gabriella M. Daire, Michael A. Friedman, Rachel Denapoli, Preetam Ghosh, Joshua N. Farr, Henry J. Donahue
Summary: Age- and disuse-related bone loss both lead to decreases in bone mineral density, cortical thickness, and trabecular thickness and connectivity. It is important to experimentally compare these two mechanisms at a structural and transcriptomic level to better understand their similarities and differences. This study compares the effects of hindlimb unloading and aging on bone microarchitecture and gene expression in mice, finding that while both induce similar changes, aging has a greater impact on the transcriptome and tissue level.
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Masaru Matsuoka, Sho Tsukamoto, Yuta Orihara, Rieko Kawamura, Mai Kuratani, Nobuhiko Haga, Kenji Ikebuchi, Takenobu Katagiri
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rachel Kohler, Amy Creecy, David R. Williams, Matthew R. Allen, Joseph M. Wallace
Summary: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary bone disease that weakens bones and increase fracture risk. Current interventions mainly focus on increasing bone mass, but the compromised tissue-level material properties are not addressed. A study found that a RAL analog could reduce fracture risk, but further development is needed for optimal results in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
So Jeong Park, Eunhye Ji, Hyun Ju Yoo, Kyunggon Kim, Sunghwan Ji, Ji Yeon Baek, Jin Young Lee, Hee-Won Jung, Il-Young Jang, Eunju Lee, Namki Hong, Beom-Jun Kim
Summary: The study analyzed the relationship between serum lumican levels and osteosarcopenia in older adults, showing that older adults with osteosarcopenia had lower serum lumican levels. Lower serum lumican levels were associated with reduced bone mass and grip strength, indicating that lumican levels could be used as a biomarker for assessing the risk of osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, or sarcopenia in older adults.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael B. Chavez, Michelle H. Tan, Tamara N. Kolli, Natalie L. Andras, Brian L. Foster
Summary: This study revealed the complex mechanisms by which disabling BSP functional domains led to profound and distinct changes in cementoblast cell functions, including dysregulated gene expression and reduced mineralization.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julien Seiller, Blandine Merle, Romain Fort, Emilie Virot, Solene Poutrel, Giovanna Cannas, Arnaud Hot, Roland Chapurlat
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of bone fragility in sickle cell patients and to evaluate the potential risk factors and associated complications.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chirantap Oza, Anuradha Khadilkar, Pranay Goel, Madhura Karguppikar, Nikhil Shah, Nikhil Lohiya, Shruti Mondkar, Prashant Patil, Hemchand Prasad, Ankita Maheshwari, Dipali Ladkat, Neha Kajale, Chidvilas More, Devarati Khurjekar, Vaman Khadilkar
Summary: This study revealed that BoneXpert (BX) can be used for accurate assessment of bone age and screening of bone health in Indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes (T1D). 51.5% of T1D subjects showed significantly decreased metacarpal index (MCI). Height, Tanner stage, and vitamin D concentrations were positively correlated with MCI, while HbA1c and disease duration were negatively correlated with MCI.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mariam R. Farman, Catherine Rehder, Theodora Malli, Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg, Kathryn Dahir, Gabriel Angel Martos-Moreno, Agnes Linglart, Keiichi Ozono, Lothar Seefried, Guillermo del Angel, Gerald Webersinke, Francesca Barbazza, Lisa K. John, Sewmi M. A. Delana Mudiyanselage, Florian Hoegler, Erica Burner Nading, Erin Huggins, Eric T. Rush, Ahmed El-Gazzar, Priya S. Kishnani, Wolfgang Hoegler
Summary: The ALPL gene variant database serves as an archive for interpreting the clinical significance of ALPL gene variants, facilitating the reclassification of VUS and continuous updates. The project establishes an international expert consortium, providing a multidisciplinary collaboration framework to improve genetic counseling and medical decision-making for HPP patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giovanni Adami, Davide Gatti, Maurizio Rossini, Alessandro Giollo, Matteo Gatti, Francesco Bertoldo, Eugenia Bertoldo, Amy S. Mudano, Kenneth G. Saag, Ombretta Viapiana, Angelo Fassio
Summary: Certain diseases requiring glucocorticoids are independently associated with an increased risk of fractures. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and neurological diseases are associated with both vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk, while rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are only associated with non-vertebral fractures.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Frank C. Ko, Rong Xie, Brandon Willis, Zoe G. Herdman, Bryan A. Dulion, Hoomin Lee, Chun-do Oh, Di Chen, D. Rick Sumner
Summary: Intramembranous bone regeneration is important in joint and tooth replacement, but its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study found that increased periostin gene expression preceded increases in osteogenic genes during bone regeneration. Using a genetic mouse model, the researchers discovered that cells transiently expressing periostin played a critical role in intramedullary intramembranous bone regeneration.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
T. Savikangas, T. H. Suominen, M. Alen, T. Rantalainen, S. Sipila
Summary: Regular exercise, especially high-intensity physical activity, can help slow down age-related bone loss and prevent a decline in femoral neck bone mineral density.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mishaela R. Rubin, Ruban Dhaliwal
Summary: The increased risk of fractures observed in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) cannot be solely explained by modest decreases in areal bone mineral density (BMD). Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in bone has been suggested as a possible cause for the increased bone fragility in diabetes. Although the evidence linking AGEs and fractures in individuals with T1D is limited, recent data show that AGEs, as measured by skin intrinsic fluorescence, are a risk factor for lower BMD in T1D. Further research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship between fractures and AGEs in T1D. If confirmed, this could lead to interventions that can reduce AGE accumulation and ultimately reduce fractures in T1D patients.