Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells—Friend or Foe during Viral Infection?

Cytomegalovirus-Associated CD4+CD28nullCells in NKG2D-Dependent Glomerular Endothelial Injury and Kidney Allograft Dysfunction

(2016) S. Shabir et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION

Lineage re-commitment of CD4CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes in the gut

(2016) Yunji Park et al.   BMB Reports

CD4+T-cell subsets in inflammatory diseases: beyond the Th1/Th2 paradigm

(2016) Kiyoshi Hirahara et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY

Epstein-Barr viral miRNAs inhibit antiviral CD4 + T cell responses targeting IL-12 and peptide processing

(2016) Takanobu Tagawa et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

The primary immune response to Vaccinia virus vaccination includes cells with a distinct cytotoxic effector CD4 T-cell phenotype

(2016) C. Mee Ling Munier et al.   VACCINE

A novel SIV gag-specific CD4 + T-cell clone suppresses SIV mac239 replication in CD4 + T cells revealing the interplay between antiviral effector cells and their infected targets

(2016) Victor I. Ayala et al.   VIROLOGY

The 17D-204 Vaccine Strain-Induced Protection against Virulent Yellow Fever Virus Is Mediated by Humoral Immunity and CD4+ but not CD8+ T Cells

(2016) Alan M. Watson et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Cytomegalovirus Infection Leads to Development of High Frequencies of Cytotoxic Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells Targeted to Vascular Endothelium

(2016) Annette Pachnio et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Regulatory T Cells: Molecular Actions on Effector Cells in Immune Regulation

(2016) Asiel Arce-Sillas et al.   Journal of Immunology Research

The Differentiation and Protective Function of Cytolytic CD4 T Cells in Influenza Infection

(2016) Deborah M. Brown et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Sterilizing immunity to influenza virus infection requires local antigen-specific T cell response in the lungs

(2016) Avijit Dutta et al.   Scientific Reports

Type 1 regulatory T cells: a new mechanism of peripheral immune tolerance

(2015) Hanyu Zeng et al.   Cellular & Molecular Immunology

STAT3 governs hyporesponsiveness and granzyme B-dependent suppressive capacity in human CD4+ T cells

(2015) Klaus G. Schmetterer et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Characterisation of CMV-specific CD4+ T-cell reconstitution following stem cell transplantation through the use of HLA Class II-peptide tetramers identifies patients at high risk of recurrent CMV reactivation

(2015) M. Raeiszadeh et al.   HAEMATOLOGICA

CRTAM determines the CD4+cytotoxic T lymphocyte lineage

(2015) Arata Takeuchi et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

CD137 Agonist Therapy Can Reprogram Regulatory T Cells into Cytotoxic CD4+T Cells with Antitumor Activity

(2015) Ilseyar Akhmetzyanova et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Functional Heterogeneity in the CD4+T Cell Response to Murine γ-Herpesvirus 68

(2015) Zhuting Hu et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Cooperativity of HIV-Specific Cytolytic CD4 T Cells and CD8 T Cells in Control of HIV Viremia

(2015) Susan Johnson et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD4 T Cells Are Cytolytic and Mediate Vaccine Protection

(2015) Shilpi Verma et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

IRF3 deficiency impacts granzyme B expression and maintenance of memory T cell function in response to viral infection

(2015) Tyler C. Moore et al.   MICROBES AND INFECTION

COMPASS identifies T-cell subsets correlated with clinical outcomes

(2015) Lin Lin et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Granzyme A Is Required for Regulatory T-Cell Mediated Prevention of Gastrointestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease

(2015) Sarvari Velaga et al.   PLoS One

Dengue virus infection elicits highly polarized CX3CR1+cytotoxic CD4+T cells associated with protective immunity

(2015) Daniela Weiskopf et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Hantaan Virus Infection Induces Both Th1 and ThGranzyme B+ Cell Immune Responses That Associated with Viral Control and Clinical Outcome in Humans

(2015) Ying Ma et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Characterisation of CMV-specific CD4+ T-cell reconstitution following stem cell transplantation through the use of HLA Class II-peptide tetramers identifies patients at high risk of recurrent CMV reactivation

(2015) M. Raeiszadeh et al.   HAEMATOLOGICA

MHC Class II-Restricted Epitopes Containing an Oxidoreductase Activity Prompt CD4+ T Cells with Apoptosis-Inducing Properties

(2015) Elin Malek Abrahimians et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Single-Dose CpG Immunization Protects Against a Heterosubtypic Challenge and Generates Antigen-Specific Memory T Cells

(2015) Alexander J. Vogel et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Orphan granzymes find a home

(2015) Niels Bovenschen et al.   IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Granzyme B secretion by human memory CD4 T cells is less strictly regulated compared to memory CD8 T cells

(2014) Lin Lin et al.   BMC IMMUNOLOGY

A Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine Encoding Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Target Antigens: A Phase I Trial in UK Patients with EBV-Positive Cancer

(2014) G. S. Taylor et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

CD4 T cell defects in the aged: Causes, consequences and strategies to circumvent

(2014) Wenliang Zhang et al.   EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY

Transcription Factor T-bet Regulates Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Functional Maturation

(2014) Bernardo S. Reis et al.   IMMUNITY

Late Expression of Granulysin by Microbicidal CD4+ T Cells Requires PI3K- and STAT5-Dependent Expression of IL-2R  That Is Defective in HIV-Infected Patients

(2014) C. F. Zheng et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

EBV Latent Membrane Proteins (LMPs) 1 and 2 as Immunotherapeutic Targets: LMP-Specific CD4+ Cytotoxic T Cell Recognition of EBV-Transformed B Cell Lines

(2014) T. A. Haigh et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine-Induced CD107a+ CD4+ T Cells Are Resistant to Depletion following AIDS Virus Infection

(2014) K. Terahara et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Impact of Distinct Poxvirus Infections on the Specificities and Functionalities of CD4+ T Cell Responses

(2014) N. A. Siciliano et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Adenovirus-Based Vaccines against Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus EBNA-1 Induce Expansion of Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells in Persistently Infected Rhesus Macaques

(2014) R. Leskowitz et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Inflammation Enhances IL-2 Driven Differentiation of Cytolytic CD4 T Cells

(2014) Aspen M. Workman et al.   PLoS One

HIV replication in conjunction with granzyme B production by CCR5+ memory CD4 T cells: Implications for bystander cell and tissue pathologies

(2014) Jacob Couturier et al.   VIROLOGY

Memory CD4 T Cell-Mediated Immunity against Influenza A Virus: More than a Little Helpful

(2013) K. Kai McKinstry et al.   ARCHIVUM IMMUNOLOGIAE ET THERAPIAE EXPERIMENTALIS

Phase I Trial of Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara Encoding Epstein-Barr Viral Tumor Antigens in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

(2013) E. P. Hui et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Adoptive transfer of cytomegalovirus-specific effector CD4+T cells provides antiviral protection from murine CMV infection

(2013) Sanja Mandaric Jeitziner et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Evidence for defective Rab GTPase-dependent cargo traffic in immune disorders

(2013) Konrad Krzewski et al.   EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH

Immunologic correlates of protection and potential role for adjuvants to improve influenza vaccines in older adults

(2013) Janet E McElhaney et al.   Expert Review of Vaccines

Serine Protease Inhibitor 6 Plays a Critical Role in Protecting Murine Granzyme B-Producing Regulatory T Cells

(2013) J. Azzi et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Cytokine-Dependent Induction of CD4+ T cells with Cytotoxic Potential during Influenza Virus Infection

(2013) L. Hua et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Transcriptional reprogramming of mature CD4+ helper T cells generates distinct MHC class II–restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes

(2013) Daniel Mucida et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Mutual expression of the transcription factors Runx3 and ThPOK regulates intestinal CD4+ T cell immunity

(2013) Bernardo Sgarbi Reis et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Coexpression of CD49b and LAG-3 identifies human and mouse T regulatory type 1 cells

(2013) Nicola Gagliani et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

High Efficiency of Antiviral CD4+ Killer T Cells

(2013) Steven K. Hildemann et al.   PLoS One

Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Long-Term Non-Progression in HIV Disease

(2013) John Zaunders et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Tumor-specific CD4+ T cells develop cytotoxic activity and eliminate virus-induced tumor cells in the absence of regulatory T cells

(2012) Ilseyar Akhmetzyanova et al.   CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY

Serpinb9 (Spi6)-deficient mice are impaired in dendritic cell-mediated antigen cross-presentation

(2012) Alexandra Rizzitelli et al.   IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY

Ectopic expression of a T-box transcription factor, eomesodermin, renders CD4+ Th cells cytotoxic by activating both perforin- and FasL-pathways

(2012) Koji Eshima et al.   IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS

Memory CD4+ T cells protect against influenza through multiple synergizing mechanisms

(2012) K. Kai McKinstry et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

The Thai Phase III Trial (RV144) Vaccine Regimen Induces T Cell Responses That Preferentially Target Epitopes within the V2 Region of HIV-1 Envelope

(2012) M. S. de Souza et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

A Human CD4+ T Cell Epitope in the Influenza Hemagglutinin Is Cross-Reactive to Influenza A Virus Subtypes and to Influenza B Virus

(2012) J. A. B. Babon et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Multifunctional CD4 Cells Expressing Gamma Interferon and Perforin Mediate Protection against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection

(2012) D. M. Brown et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Regulatory T cells expressing granzyme B play a critical role in controlling lung inflammation during acute viral infection

(2012) J Loebbermann et al.   Mucosal Immunology

Preexisting influenza-specific CD4+ T cells correlate with disease protection against influenza challenge in humans

(2012) Tom M Wilkinson et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Immune-Correlates Analysis of an HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial

(2012) Barton F. Haynes et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Increased Synapse Formation Obtained by T Cell Epitopes Containing a CxxC Motif in Flanking Residues Convert CD4+ T Cells into Cytolytic Effectors

(2012) Vincent A. Carlier et al.   PLoS One

Perforin-dependent CD4+ T-cell cytotoxicity contributes to control a murine poxvirus infection

(2012) M. Fang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CD8+ and CD4+ cytotoxic T cell escape mutations precede breakthrough SIVmac239 viremia in an elite controller

(2012) Benjamin J Burwitz et al.   Retrovirology

HIV-Specific Cytolytic CD4 T Cell Responses During Acute HIV Infection Predict Disease Outcome

(2012) D. Z. Soghoian et al.   Science Translational Medicine

The Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Immuno-Suppression by Human Type 1 Regulatory T Cells

(2012) Silvia Gregori et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

NKG2D expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes as a marker of senescence in the aged immune system

(2011) Rebeca Alonso-Arias et al.   AGE

Killing of myeloid APCs via HLA class I, CD2 and CD226 defines a novel mechanism of suppression by human Tr1 cells

(2011) Chiara F. Magnani et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

CD134 Plus CD137 Dual Costimulation Induces Eomesodermin in CD4 T Cells To Program Cytotoxic Th1 Differentiation

(2011) H. Z. Qui et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cell Responses to EBV Contrast with CD8 Responses in Breadth of Lytic Cycle Antigen Choice and in Lytic Cycle Recognition

(2011) H. M. Long et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Epstein-Barr Virus: An Important Vaccine Target for Cancer Prevention

(2011) J. I. Cohen et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Age-related changes in memory and effector T cells responding to influenza A/H3N2 and pandemic A/H1N1 strains in humans

(2011) Xin Zhou et al.   VACCINE

Absence of Cross-Presenting Cells in the Salivary Gland and Viral Immune Evasion Confine Cytomegalovirus Immune Control to Effector CD4 T Cells

(2011) Senta M. Walton et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Cytotoxic granule release dominates gag-specific CD4+ T-cell response in different phases of HIV infection

(2010) Elisa Nemes et al.   AIDS

Granzymes in cancer and immunity

(2010) S P Cullen et al.   CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION

Cytolytic CD4 cells: Direct mediators in infectious disease and malignancy

(2010) Deborah M. Brown   CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY

Functional dissection of the granzyme family: cell death and inflammation

(2010) Desiree A. Anthony et al.   IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Emergence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells and Increased Humoral Responses Correlate with Control of Rebounding Viremia in CD8-Depleted Macaques Infected with Rev-Independent Live-Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

(2010) A. von Gegerfelt et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Reciprocal granzyme/perforin-mediated death of human regulatory and responder T cells is regulated by interleukin-2 (IL-2)

(2010) Malgorzata Czystowska et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM

Nuclear location of an endogenously expressed antigen, EBNA1, restricts access to macroautophagy and the range of CD4 epitope display

(2010) C. S. Leung et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Transduction of Human T Cells with a Novel T-Cell Receptor Confers Anti-HCV Reactivity

(2010) Yi Zhang et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Granzyme B is not required for regulatory T cell-mediated suppression of graft-versus-host disease

(2009) S. F. Cai et al.   BLOOD

Induction of granzyme B expression in T-cell receptor/CD28-stimulated human regulatory T cells is suppressed by inhibitors of the PI3K-mTOR pathway

(2009) Olga V Efimova et al.   BMC IMMUNOLOGY

IL-2 and antigen dose differentially regulate perforin- and FasL-mediated cytolytic activity in antigen specific CD4+ T cells

(2009) Deborah M. Brown et al.   CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY

Cutting Edge: Responder T Cells Regulate Human DR+ Effector Regulatory T Cell Activity via Granzyme B

(2009) C. W. Ashley et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Strong Ability of Nef-Specific CD4+ Cytotoxic T Cells To Suppress Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Replication in HIV-1-Infected CD4+ T Cells and Macrophages

(2009) N. Zheng et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

CD4 T Cells Mediate Killing during Persistent Gammaherpesvirus 68 Infection

(2009) K. A. Stuller et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Gag- and Nef-specific CD4+ T cells recognize and inhibit SIV replication in infected macrophages early after infection

(2009) J. B. Sacha et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Death by a Thousand Cuts: Granzyme Pathways of Programmed Cell Death

(2008) Dipanjan Chowdhury et al.   Annual Review of Immunology

Enhancing Immunity Through Autophagy

(2008) Christian Münz   Annual Review of Immunology

Cytotoxic human CD4+ T cells

(2008) Pablo J van de Berg et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY

FCRL6 distinguishes mature cytotoxic lymphocytes and is upregulated in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

(2008) Daniel M. Schreeder et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Granzyme K Displays Highly Restricted Substrate Specificity That Only Partially Overlaps with Granzyme A

(2008) Niels Bovenschen et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Anomalous Type 17 Response to Viral Infection by CD8+ T Cells Lacking T-bet and Eomesodermin

(2008) A. M. Intlekofer et al.   SCIENCE