The Polarization States of Microglia in TBI: A New Paradigm for Pharmacological Intervention

The biphasic function of microglia in ischemic stroke

(2017) Yuanyuan Ma et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

Neuroprotective Properties of a Macrolide Antibiotic in a Mouse Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: Characterization of the Immunomodulatory Effects and Validation of the Efficacy of Intravenous Administration

(2016) Diana Amantea et al.   ASSAY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Rosiglitazone attenuates inflammation and CA3 neuronal loss following traumatic brain injury in rats

(2016) Hao Liu et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Early modulation of pro-inflammatory microglia by minocycline loaded nanoparticles confers long lasting protection after spinal cord injury

(2016) Simonetta Papa et al.   BIOMATERIALS

NOX2 drives M1-like microglial/macrophage activation and neurodegeneration following experimental traumatic brain injury

(2016) Alok Kumar et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Atorvastatin attenuates sympathetic hyperinnervation together with the augmentation of M2 macrophages in rats postmyocardial infarction

(2016) Na Yang et al.   Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Human Neural Stem Cell Transplantation-Mediated Alteration of Microglial/Macrophage Phenotypes after Traumatic Brain Injury

(2016) Junling Gao et al.   CELL TRANSPLANTATION

A dietary polyphenol resveratrol acts to provide neuroprotection in recurrent stroke models by regulating AMPK and SIRT1 signaling, thereby reducing energy requirements during ischemia

(2016) L.-M. Wang et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Treatment of traumatic brain injury with anti-inflammatory drugs

(2016) Peter J. Bergold   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Azithromycin protects mice against ischemic stroke injury by promoting macrophage transition towards M2 phenotype

(2016) Diana Amantea et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Microglia in the TBI brain: The good, the bad, and the dysregulated

(2016) David J. Loane et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

mTORC1 pathway disruption ameliorates brain inflammation following stroke via a shift in microglia phenotype from M1 type to M2 type

(2016) Daojing Li et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Resveratrol attenuates neuronal autophagy and inflammatory injury by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in experimental traumatic brain injury

(2016) YAN FENG et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Microglia in central nervous system repair after injury

(2016) Xuemei Jin et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Thiamet G mediates neuroprotection in experimental stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization and inhibiting NF-κB p65 signaling

(2016) Yating He et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Activation of Alpha 7 Cholinergic Nicotinic Receptors Reduce Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

(2016) Pramod K. Dash et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Neuroinflammation in animal models of traumatic brain injury

(2016) Chong-Chi Chiu et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS

Microglial/Macrophage Polarization Dynamics following Traumatic Brain Injury

(2016) Alok Kumar et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA

A Three-Day Consecutive Fingolimod Administration Improves Neurological Functions and Modulates Multiple Immune Responses of CCI Mice

(2016) Chuang Gao et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Statin therapy in acute ischemic stroke

(2016) Andreas Charidimou et al.   NEUROLOGY

Rosuvastatin enhances anti-inflammatory and inhibits pro-inflammatory functions in cultured microglial cells

(2016) D. Kata et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Functions and mechanisms of microglia/macrophages in neuroinflammation and neurogenesis after stroke

(2016) Xiao-Yi Xiong et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

Inflammatory neuroprotection following traumatic brain injury

(2016) M. V. Russo et al.   SCIENCE

Call Off the Dog(ma): M1/M2 Polarization Is Concurrent following Traumatic Brain Injury

(2016) Josh M. Morganti et al.   PLoS One

Statin Use and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis

(2016) Shuang Bai et al.   PLoS One

Rosiglitazone attenuates early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats

(2015) Chi Gu et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Resveratrol downregulates type-1 glutamate transporter expression and microglia activation in the hippocampus following cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats

(2015) Catrinel Girbovan et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Macrophage activation and its role in repair and pathology after spinal cord injury

(2015) John C. Gensel et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Microglial M1/M2 polarization and metabolic states

(2015) Ruben Orihuela et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Resveratrol Rescues the Impairments of Hippocampal Neurons Stimulated by Microglial Over-Activation In Vitro

(2015) Feng Wang et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Microglial Activation as a Compelling Target for Treating Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

(2015) Chung-Ching Chio et al.   CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Reviewing the Role of Resveratrol as a Natural Modulator of Microglial Activities

(2015) Chiara Porro et al.   CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN

Resveratrol attenuates hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity through inhibiting microglial activation

(2015) Qun Zhang et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

IL-10 plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in activated microglia cells

(2015) Antonia Cianciulli et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Atorvastatin promotes human monocyte differentiation toward alternative M2 macrophages through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation

(2015) Ou Zhang et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist promotes M1 microglia biased cytokines and chemokines following human traumatic brain injury

(2015) Adel Helmy et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Overexpression of SIRT1 Induced by Resveratrol and Inhibitor of miR-204 Suppresses Activation and Proliferation of Microglia

(2015) Lihong Li et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE

Inhibition of NOX2 reduces locomotor impairment, inflammation, and oxidative stress after spinal cord injury

(2015) Guzal Khayrullina et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Attenuation of acute stroke injury in rat brain by minocycline promotes blood–brain barrier remodeling and alternative microglia/macrophage activation during recovery

(2015) Yirong Yang et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Azithromycin drives alternative macrophage activation and improves recovery and tissue sparing in contusion spinal cord injury

(2015) Bei Zhang et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Early Statin Use and the Progression of Alzheimer Disease

(2015) Feng-Cheng Lin et al.   MEDICINE

Novel Molecular Insights into Classical and Alternative Activation States of Microglia as Revealed by Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC)-based Proteomics

(2015) Harris Bell-Temin et al.   MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS

Minocycline Protects Against NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Inflammation and P53-Associated Apoptosis in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

(2015) Jianru Li et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Activation of mGluR5 Attenuates Microglial Activation and Neuronal Apoptosis in Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

(2015) Zong-yong Zhang et al.   NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH

The selective mGluR5 agonist CHPG attenuates SO2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through TSG-6/NF-κB pathway in BV2 microglial cells

(2015) Jun-Ling Qiu et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

Resveratrol neuroprotection in stroke and traumatic CNS injury

(2015) Mary S. Lopez et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

Neuroprotective effects of pretreatment with macrolide antibiotics on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury

(2015) Toshiki Inaba et al.   NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH

Resveratrol: A Focus on Several Neurodegenerative Diseases

(2015) Ester Tellone et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Rosiglitazone Promotes White Matter Integrity and Long-Term Functional Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia

(2015) Lijuan Han et al.   STROKE

Resveratrol Prevents Age-Related Memory and Mood Dysfunction with Increased Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Microvasculature and Reduced Glial Activation

(2015) Maheedhar Kodali et al.   Scientific Reports

Minocycline modulates neuropathic pain behaviour and cortical M1–M2 microglial gene expression in a rat model of depression

(2014) Nikita N. Burke et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Microglial Activation after Brain Injury

(2014) Jong-Youl Kim et al.   CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Minocycline But Not Tigecycline Is Neuroprotective and Reduces the Neuroinflammatory Response Induced by the Superimposition of Sepsis Upon Traumatic Brain Injury*

(2014) Chiara Adembri et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Targeting Microglial Activation in Stroke Therapy: Pharmacological Tools and Gender Effects

(2014) Y. Chen et al.   CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Resveratrol Induces the Expression of Interleukin-10 and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in BV2 Microglia under Hypoxia

(2014) Juhyun Song et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Soluble or soluble/membrane TNF-± inhibitors protect the brain from focal ischemic injury in rats

(2014) C. A. Arango-Dávila et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Phase II Randomized Control Trial

(2014) Adel Helmy et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist treatment reduces neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and brain injury in mice with ischemic stroke and bone fracture

(2014) Zhenying Han et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Systemically administered anti-TNF therapy ameliorates functional outcomes after focal cerebral ischemia

(2014) Bettina Hjelm Clausen et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Effects of atorvastatin on the inflammation regulation and elimination of subdural hematoma in rats

(2014) Tuo Li et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Dynamic changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in microglia after PPAR-γ agonist neuroprotective treatment in the MPTPp mouse model of progressive Parkinson's disease

(2014) Augusta Pisanu et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Novel mGluR5 Positive Allosteric Modulator Improves Functional Recovery, Attenuates Neurodegeneration, and Alters Microglial Polarization after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

(2014) David J. Loane et al.   Neurotherapeutics

Activation of α-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Reduces Ischemic Stroke Injury through Reduction of Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages and Oxidative Stress

(2014) Zhenying Han et al.   PLoS One

Resveratrol counteracts lipopolysaccharide-mediated microglial inflammation by modulating a SOCS-1 dependent signaling pathway

(2014) Teresa Dragone et al.   TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO

Etanercept attenuates traumatic brain injury in rats by reducing early microglial expression of tumor necrosis factor-α

(2013) Chung-Ching Chio et al.   BMC NEUROSCIENCE

Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury

(2013) Victoria E. Johnson et al.   BRAIN

Minocycline: far beyond an antibiotic

(2013) N Garrido-Mesa et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Resveratrol Attenuates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Through Inhibition of NF-κB-Dependent Inflammatory/MMP-9 Pathway

(2013) An-Wen Shao et al.   CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Minocycline Repurposing in Critical Illness: Focus on Stroke

(2013) T. Liao et al.   CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Minocycline plus N-acetylcysteine synergize to modulate inflammation and prevent cognitive and memory deficits in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury

(2013) Margalit Haber et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Interplay between human microglia and neural stem/progenitor cells in an allogeneic co-culture model

(2013) Jia Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Microglia/Macrophage Polarization Dynamics in White Matter after Traumatic Brain Injury

(2013) Guohua Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Macrophages in inflammatory multiple sclerosis lesions have an intermediate activation status

(2013) Daphne YS Vogel et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Progressive Neurodegeneration After Experimental Brain Trauma

(2013) David J. Loane et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Simvastatin Attenuates Formalin-Induced Nociceptive Behaviors by Inhibiting Microglial RhoA and p38 MAPK Activation

(2013) Xin-Yi Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF PAIN

Resveratrol decreases inflammation in the brain of mice with mild traumatic brain injury

(2013) Joshua W. Gatson et al.   Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery

Etanercept Attenuates Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats by Reducing Brain TNF-αContents and by Stimulating Newly Formed Neurogenesis

(2013) Chong-Un Cheong et al.   MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION

M2 microglia and macrophages drive oligodendrocyte differentiation during CNS remyelination

(2013) Veronique E Miron et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Minocycline selectively inhibits M1 polarization of microglia

(2013) K Kobayashi et al.   Cell Death & Disease

Selective TNF Inhibition for Chronic Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury

(2012) Edward Tobinick et al.   CNS DRUGS

Etanercept treatment enhances clinical and neuroelectrophysiological recovery in partial spinal cord injury

(2012) Fatih Bayrakli et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas

(2012) Antonio Sica et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Intravenous multipotent adult progenitor cell therapy after traumatic brain injury: modulation of the resident microglia population

(2012) Peter A Walker et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Delayed mGluR5 activation limits neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury

(2012) Kimberly R Byrnes et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Mechanisms Underlying the Rapid Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- -Mediated Amyloid Clearance and Reversal of Cognitive Deficits in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease

(2012) S. Mandrekar-Colucci et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Activation of mGluR5 and Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase Improves Functional Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury

(2012) David J. Loane et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA

Early management of severe traumatic brain injury

(2012) Jeffrey V Rosenfeld et al.   LANCET

Neural progenitor cells regulate microglia functions and activity

(2012) Kira I Mosher et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Regulation of NADPH Oxidase Gene Expression with PKA and Cytokine IL-4 in Neurons and Microglia

(2012) Valentina L. Savchenko   NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH

Critical Role of NADPH Oxidase in Neuronal Oxidative Damage and Microglia Activation following Traumatic Brain Injury

(2012) Quan-Guang Zhang et al.   PLoS One

Temporal Changes in Cell Marker Expression and Cellular Infiltration in a Controlled Cortical Impact Model in Adult Male C57BL/6 Mice

(2012) Xuemei Jin et al.   PLoS One

Microglia/Macrophage Polarization Dynamics Reveal Novel Mechanism of Injury Expansion After Focal Cerebral Ischemia

(2012) Xiaoming Hu et al.   STROKE

Inflammation after trauma: Microglial activation and traumatic brain injury

(2011) Anil F. Ramlackhansingh et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Azithromycin distinctively modulates classical activation of human monocytes in vitro

(2011) M Vrančić et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Neutralization of interleukin-1β reduces cerebral edema and tissue loss and improves late cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury in mice

(2011) Fredrik Clausen et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Cutaneous SCC Microenvironment Are Heterogeneously Activated

(2011) Julia S. Pettersen et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Inhibition of NADPH oxidase promotes alternative and anti-inflammatory microglial activation during neuroinflammation

(2011) Sang-Ho Choi et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Induction of Angiogenesis and Modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 by Simvastatin After Traumatic Brain Injury

(2011) Hongtao Wu et al.   NEUROSURGERY

Physiology of Microglia

(2011) Helmut Kettenmann et al.   PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist PNU-282987 Attenuates Early Brain Injury in a Perforation Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

(2011) Kamil Duris et al.   STROKE

Therapeutic evaluation of etanercept in a model of traumatic brain injury

(2010) Chung-Ching Chio et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Neutralization of interleukin-1β modifies the inflammatory response and improves histological and cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury in mice

(2009) Fredrik Clausen et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Heterogeneity of Microglial Activation in the Innate Immune Response in the Brain

(2009) Carol A. Colton   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

SIMVASTATIN ATTENUATES MICROGLIAL CELLS AND ASTROCYTE ACTIVATION AND DECREASES INTERLEUKIN-1B LEVEL AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

(2009) Bo Li et al.   NEUROSURGERY

Azithromycin Improves Macrophage Phagocytic Function and Expression of Mannose Receptor in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

(2008) Sandra Hodge et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Effects of Etanercept and Minocycline in a rat model of spinal cord injury

(2008) Fabien Marchand et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN

In vitro neuronal and glial differentiation from embryonic or adult neural precursor cells are differently affected by chronic or acute activation of microglia

(2008) Emanuele Cacci et al.   GLIA

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 activation inhibits microglial associated inflammation and neurotoxicity

(2008) Kimberly R. Byrnes et al.   GLIA

Azithromycin alters macrophage phenotype

(2008) B. S. Murphy et al.   JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY

Increase in phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream signaling targets and suppression of apoptosis by simvastatin after traumatic brain injury

(2008) Hongtao Wu et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY

Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults

(2008) Andrew IR Maas et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Minocycline treatment following hypoxicischaemic injury attenuates white matter injury in a rodent model of periventricular leucomalacia

(2008) M. Lechpammer et al.   NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY