Stem cells and genome editing: approaches to tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine

Knock-in strategy at 3′-end ofCrxgene by CRISPR/Cas9 system shows the gene expression profiles during human photoreceptor differentiation

(2017) Kohei Homma et al.   GENES TO CELLS

Stimulation of functional neuronal regeneration from Müller glia in adult mice

(2017) Nikolas L. Jorstad et al.   NATURE

Interspecies organogenesis generates autologous functional islets

(2017) Tomoyuki Yamaguchi et al.   NATURE

Refining strategies to translate genome editing to the clinic

(2017) Tatjana I Cornu et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Autologous Induced Stem-Cell–Derived Retinal Cells for Macular Degeneration

(2017) Michiko Mandai et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Disease Modeling in Stem Cell-Derived 3D Organoid Systems

(2017) Devanjali Dutta et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Impact of Cell Composition and Geometry on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Engineered Cardiac Tissue

(2017) Takeichiro Nakane et al.   Scientific Reports

iPSC-Derived Retina Transplants Improve Vision in rd1 End-Stage Retinal-Degeneration Mice

(2017) Michiko Mandai et al.   Stem Cell Reports

May I Cut in? Gene Editing Approaches in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2017) Nicholas Brookhouser et al.   Cells

Brain-Region-Specific Organoids Using Mini-bioreactors for Modeling ZIKV Exposure

(2016) Xuyu Qian et al.   CELL

Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids

(2016) Hans Clevers   CELL

Editing DNA Methylation in the Mammalian Genome

(2016) X. Shawn Liu et al.   CELL

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Meet Genome Editing

(2016) Dirk Hockemeyer et al.   Cell Stem Cell

De novoneurogenesis by targeted expression ofatoh7to Müller glia cells

(2016) Katharina Lust et al.   DEVELOPMENT

mTor signaling is required for the formation of proliferating Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in the chick retina

(2016) Christopher P. Zelinka et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Emergence of dorsal-ventral polarity in ESC-derived retinal tissue

(2016) Yuiko Hasegawa et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Dishing out mini-brains: Current progress and future prospects in brain organoid research

(2016) Iva Kelava et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Müller glial cell-dependent regeneration of the neural retina: An overview across vertebrate model systems

(2016) Annaïg Hamon et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS

Establishment of Functional Genomics Pipeline in Mouse Epiblast-Like Tissue by Combining Transcriptomic Analysis and Gene Knockdown/Knockin/Knockout, Using RNA Interference and CRISPR/Cas9

(2016) Nozomu Takata et al.   HUMAN GENE THERAPY

Genome editing revolutionize the creation of genetically modified pigs for modeling human diseases

(2016) Jing Yao et al.   HUMAN GENETICS

IGF-2/IGF-1R signaling has distinct effects on Sox1, Irx3, and Six3 expressions during ES cell derived-neuroectoderm development in vitro

(2016) Nozomu Takata et al.   IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL

Intestinal stem cell transplantation

(2016) Tetsuya Nakamura et al.   JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

Transgenesis for pig models

(2016) Soo-Young Yum et al.   Journal of Veterinary Science

Specification of embryonic stem cell-derived tissues into eye fields by Wnt signaling using rostral diencephalic tissue-inducing culture

(2016) Eriko Sakakura et al.   MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT

CRISPR edits gene methylation

(2016)   NATURE

Modulation of tissue repair by regeneration enhancer elements

(2016) Junsu Kang et al.   NATURE

In vivo genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homology-independent targeted integration

(2016) Keiichiro Suzuki et al.   NATURE

Angiocrine functions of organ-specific endothelial cells

(2016) Shahin Rafii et al.   NATURE

Editing the epigenome: technologies for programmable transcription and epigenetic modulation

(2016) Pratiksha I Thakore et al.   NATURE METHODS

Reprogramming of mouse retinal neurons and standardized quantification of their differentiation in 3D retinal cultures

(2016) Daniel J Hiler et al.   Nature Protocols

Induced pluripotent stem cell technology: a decade of progress

(2016) Yanhong Shi et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Pluripotent stem cells in disease modelling and drug discovery

(2016) Yishai Avior et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Adult cell plasticity in vivo: de-differentiation and transdifferentiation are back in style

(2016) Allyson J. Merrell et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Advances in therapeutic CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing

(2016) Nataša Savić et al.   Translational Research

Functional anterior pituitary generated in self-organizing culture of human embryonic stem cells

(2016) Chikafumi Ozone et al.   Nature Communications

Concise Review: Organoids Are a Powerful Tool for the Study of Liver Disease and Personalized Treatment Design in Humans and Animals

(2016) Sathidpak Nantasanti et al.   Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation

(2016) John D. Blair et al.   Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments

Long-Term In Vitro Expansion of Salivary Gland Stem Cells Driven by Wnt Signals

(2016) Martti Maimets et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Somatic cell reprogramming-free generation of genetically modified pigs

(2016) F. Tanihara et al.   Science Advances

Induction of site-specific chromosomal translocations in embryonic stem cells by CRISPR/Cas9

(2016) Junfeng Jiang et al.   Scientific Reports

The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond

(2015) Luisa Bortesi et al.   BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES

SnapShot: Growing Organoids from Stem Cells

(2015) Toshiro Sato et al.   CELL

Organoid Models of Human and Mouse Ductal Pancreatic Cancer

(2015) Sylvia F. Boj et al.   CELL

Quantification of Retinogenesis in 3D Cultures Reveals Epigenetic Memory and Higher Efficiency in iPSCs Derived from Rod Photoreceptors

(2015) Daniel Hiler et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Vascularized and Complex Organ Buds from Diverse Tissues via Mesenchymal Cell-Driven Condensation

(2015) Takanori Takebe et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Modeling mouse and human development using organoid cultures

(2015) M. Huch et al.   DEVELOPMENT

In Vitro Expansion of Human Gastric Epithelial Stem Cells and Their Responses to Bacterial Infection

(2015) Sina Bartfeld et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

The Potential of the Combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and Pluripotent Stem Cells to Provide Human Organs from Chimaeric Pigs

(2015) Wanyou Feng et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Engineering large animal models of human disease

(2015) C Bruce A Whitelaw et al.   JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Historical review of research on plant cell dedifferentiation

(2015) Munetaka Sugiyama   JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH

Human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium in patients with age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt's macular dystrophy: follow-up of two open-label phase 1/2 studies

(2015) Steven D Schwartz et al.   LANCET

CRISPR, the disruptor

(2015) Heidi Ledford   NATURE

Sequential cancer mutations in cultured human intestinal stem cells

(2015) Jarno Drost et al.   NATURE

Kidney organoids from human iPS cells contain multiple lineages and model human nephrogenesis

(2015) Minoru Takasato et al.   NATURE

Epigenome editing by a CRISPR-Cas9-based acetyltransferase activates genes from promoters and enhancers

(2015) Isaac B Hilton et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Why bother using non-human primate models of cognitive disorders in translational research?

(2015) Sandrine Camus et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY

Making the cut

(2015) J. Travis   SCIENCE

What is an adult stem cell?

(2015) H. Clevers   SCIENCE

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Transgene-Free iPSC from a Small Volume of Cryopreserved Blood

(2015) Hongyan Zhou et al.   Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

Generation of functional hippocampal neurons from self-organizing human embryonic stem cell-derived dorsomedial telencephalic tissue

(2015) Hideya Sakaguchi et al.   Nature Communications

Generation of a ciliary margin-like stem cell niche from self-organizing human retinal tissue

(2015) Atsushi Kuwahara et al.   Nature Communications

The Notch and Wnt pathways regulate stemness and differentiation in human fallopian tube organoids

(2015) Mirjana Kessler et al.   Nature Communications

Recent advances in genome editing and creation of genetically modified pigs

(2015) James R. Butler et al.   International Journal of Surgery

Efficient long-term survival of cell grafts after myocardial infarction with thick viable cardiac tissue entirely from pluripotent stem cells

(2015) Takehiko Matsuo et al.   Scientific Reports

A versatile reporter system for CRISPR-mediated chromosomal rearrangements

(2015) Yingxiang Li et al.   GENOME BIOLOGY

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Transgene-Free iPSC from a Small Volume of Cryopreserved Blood

(2015) Hongyan Zhou et al.   Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

Successful Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines from Blood Samples Held at Room Temperature for up to 48 hr

(2015) Chukwuma A. Agu et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Comparative, transcriptome analysis of self-organizing optic tissues

(2015) Munazah Andrabi et al.   Scientific Data

Knockout crickets for the study of learning and memory: Dopamine receptor Dop1 mediates aversive but not appetitive reinforcement in crickets

(2015) Hiroko Awata et al.   Scientific Reports

Differentiation of human ESCs to retinal ganglion cells using a CRISPR engineered reporter cell line

(2015) Valentin M. Sluch et al.   Scientific Reports

Cas9-Based Tools for Targeted Genome Editing and Transcriptional Control

(2014) Tao Xu et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Use of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Produce Genetically Engineered Pigs from In Vitro-Derived Oocytes and Embryos1

(2014) Kristin M. Whitworth et al.   BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION

Identification of Multipotent Luminal Progenitor Cells in Human Prostate Organoid Cultures

(2014) Wouter R. Karthaus et al.   CELL

One-step generation of knockout pigs by zygote injection of CRISPR/Cas system

(2014) Tang Hai et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Revisiting the Flight of Icarus: Making Human Organs from PSCs with Large Animal Chimeras

(2014) Tamir Rashid et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-targeted pigs via somatic cell nuclear transfer

(2014) Xiaoqing Zhou et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES

Making designer mutants in model organisms

(2014) Y. Peng et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Efficient RNA/Cas9-mediated genome editing in Xenopus tropicalis

(2014) X. Guo et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Small intestinal stem cell identity is maintained with functional Paneth cells in heterotopically grafted epithelium onto the colon

(2014) Masayoshi Fukuda et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

Creating human organs in chimaera pigs: an ethical source of immunocompatible organs?

(2014) David Shaw et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS

Modelling human development and disease in pluripotent stem-cell-derived gastric organoids

(2014) Kyle W. McCracken et al.   NATURE

CRISPR-Cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes

(2014) Jeffry D Sander et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

3D bioprinting of tissues and organs

(2014) Sean V Murphy et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Direct cell–cell contact with the vascular niche maintains quiescent neural stem cells

(2014) Cristina Ottone et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Single luminal epithelial progenitors can generate prostate organoids in culture

(2014) Chee Wai Chua et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Generation of a vascularized and functional human liver from an iPSC-derived organ bud transplant

(2014) Takanori Takebe et al.   Nature Protocols

Generating genetically modified mice using CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering

(2014) Hui Yang et al.   Nature Protocols

Müller glial cell reprogramming and retina regeneration

(2014) Daniel Goldman   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Matrix Rigidity-Modulated Cardiovascular Organoid Formation from Embryoid Bodies

(2014) Artem Shkumatov et al.   PLoS One

Proliferation Potential of Müller Glia after Retinal Damage Varies between Mouse Strains

(2014) Akiko Suga et al.   PLoS One

Engraftment of human iPS cells and allogeneic porcine cells into pigs with inactivated RAG2 and accompanying severe combined immunodeficiency

(2014) K. Lee et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Single Lgr5- or Lgr6-expressing taste stem/progenitor cells generate taste bud cells ex vivo

(2014) Wenwen Ren et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Organogenesis in a dish: Modeling development and disease using organoid technologies

(2014) M. A. Lancaster et al.   SCIENCE

The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9

(2014) J. A. Doudna et al.   SCIENCE

Simple and Rapid In Vivo Generation of Chromosomal Rearrangements using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology

(2014) Rafael B. Blasco et al.   Cell Reports

One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Mutations in Multiple Genes by CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering

(2013) Haoyi Wang et al.   CELL

One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Reporter and Conditional Alleles by CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering

(2013) Hui Yang et al.   CELL

Genome editing with RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease in Zebrafish embryos

(2013) Nannan Chang et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Transplantation of Expanded Fetal Intestinal Progenitors Contributes to Colon Regeneration after Injury

(2013) Robert P. Fordham et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Functional Repair of CFTR by CRISPR/Cas9 in Intestinal Stem Cell Organoids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

(2013) Gerald Schwank et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Next-Generation Regenerative Medicine: Organogenesis from Stem Cells in 3D Culture

(2013) Yoshiki Sasai   Cell Stem Cell

A self-renewing division of zebrafish Muller glial cells generates neuronal progenitors that require N-cadherin to regenerate retinal neurons

(2013) M. Nagashima et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Unlimited in vitro expansion of adult bi-potent pancreas progenitors through the Lgr5/R-spondin axis

(2013) Meritxell Huch et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

The ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) in development and regeneration of the vertebrate eye

(2013) Andy J. Fischer et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

The retinal pigment epithelium: An important player of retinal disorders and regeneration

(2013) Chikafumi Chiba   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Genetically modified pigs to model human diseases

(2013) Tatiana Flisikowska et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED GENETICS

Cytosystems dynamics in self-organization of tissue architecture

(2013) Yoshiki Sasai   NATURE

Vascularized and functional human liver from an iPSC-derived organ bud transplant

(2013) Takanori Takebe et al.   NATURE

Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly

(2013) Madeline A. Lancaster et al.   NATURE

Engineering the Caenorhabditis elegans genome using Cas9-triggered homologous recombination

(2013) Daniel J Dickinson et al.   NATURE METHODS

Genome engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using CRISPR-Cas systems

(2013) James E. DiCarlo et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Robust Formation and Maintenance of Continuous Stratified Cortical Neuroepithelium by Laminin-Containing Matrix in Mouse ES Cell Culture

(2013) Makoto Nasu et al.   PLoS One

Blastocyst complementation generates exogenic pancreas in vivo in apancreatic cloned pigs

(2013) H. Matsunari et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Analysis of DNA methylation reveals a partial reprogramming of the Muller glia genome during retina regeneration

(2013) C. Powell et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Self-organization of axial polarity, inside-out layer pattern, and species-specific progenitor dynamics in human ES cell-derived neocortex

(2013) T. Kadoshima et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Lgr5+ liver stem cells, hepatic organoids and regenerative medicine

(2013) Meritxell Huch et al.   Regenerative Medicine

RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas9

(2013) P. Mali et al.   SCIENCE

Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems

(2013) L. Cong et al.   SCIENCE

The zebrafish as a model for complex tissue regeneration

(2013) Matthew Gemberling et al.   TRENDS IN GENETICS

Highly Efficient Targeted Mutagenesis of Drosophila with the CRISPR/Cas9 System

(2013) Andrew R. Bassett et al.   Cell Reports

Genetically Engineered Pig Models for Human Diseases

(2013) Randall S. Prather et al.   Annual Review of Animal Biosciences

Generation of Kidney from Pluripotent Stem Cells via Blastocyst Complementation

(2012) Jo-ichi Usui et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Cardiac Regenerative Capacity and Mechanisms

(2012) Kazu Kikuchi et al.   Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

Self-Formation of Optic Cups and Storable Stratified Neural Retina from Human ESCs

(2012) Tokushige Nakano et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Self-formation of layered neural structures in three-dimensional culture of ES cells

(2012) Mototsugu Eiraku et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY

In vitro organogenesis in three dimensions: self-organising stem cells

(2012) Y. Sasai et al.   DEVELOPMENT

HB-EGF Is Necessary and Sufficient for Müller Glia Dedifferentiation and Retina Regeneration

(2012) Jin Wan et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL CELL

Perspectives on whole-organ assembly: moving toward transplantation on demand

(2012) Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Insm1a-mediated gene repression is essential for the formation and differentiation of Müller glia-derived progenitors in the injured retina

(2012) Rajesh Ramachandran et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Functional engraftment of colon epithelium expanded in vitro from a single adult Lgr5+ stem cell

(2012) Shiro Yui et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

A Programmable Dual-RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity

(2012) M. Jinek et al.   SCIENCE

Grow Your Own Eye

(2012) Yoshiki Sasai   SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN

In vitro models for liver toxicity testing

(2012) Valerie Y. Soldatow et al.   Toxicology Research

Whole-Organ Tissue Engineering: Decellularization and Recellularization of Three-Dimensional Matrix Scaffolds

(2011) Stephen F. Badylak et al.   Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

Relaxation-expansion model for self-driven retinal morphogenesis

(2011) Mototsugu Eiraku et al.   BIOESSAYS

Fate Restriction and Multipotency in Retinal Stem Cells

(2011) Lázaro Centanin et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Oblique Radial Glial Divisions in the Developing Mouse Neocortex Induce Self-Renewing Progenitors outside the Germinal Zone That Resemble Primate Outer Subventricular Zone Progenitors

(2011) A. Shitamukai et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Clinical xenotransplantation: the next medical revolution?

(2011) Burcin Ekser et al.   LANCET

Self-formation of functional adenohypophysis in three-dimensional culture

(2011) Hidetaka Suga et al.   NATURE

Self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture

(2011) Mototsugu Eiraku et al.   NATURE

Genome-Wide Analysis of Müller Glial Differentiation Reveals a Requirement for Notch Signaling in Postmitotic Cells to Maintain the Glial Fate

(2011) Branden R. Nelson et al.   PLoS One

Transient Regenerative Potential of the Neonatal Mouse Heart

(2011) E. R. Porrello et al.   SCIENCE

Organ engineering based on decellularized matrix scaffolds

(2011) Jeremy J. Song et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Generation of Rat Pancreas in Mouse by Interspecific Blastocyst Injection of Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2010) Toshihiro Kobayashi et al.   CELL

Lgr5+ve Stem Cells Drive Self-Renewal in the Stomach and Build Long-Lived Gastric Units In Vitro

(2010) Nick Barker et al.   Cell Stem Cell

ES and iPS cell research for cardiovascular regeneration

(2010) Jun K. Yamashita   EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH

Transgenic pigs as models for translational biomedical research

(2010) Bernhard Aigner et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM

Zebrafish heart regeneration occurs by cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation

(2010) Chris Jopling et al.   NATURE

The CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA

(2010) Josiane E. Garneau et al.   NATURE

Neurogenic radial glia in the outer subventricular zone of human neocortex

(2010) David V. Hansen et al.   NATURE

OSVZ progenitors of human and ferret neocortex are epithelial-like and expand by integrin signaling

(2010) Simone A Fietz et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Memory in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Reprogrammed Human Retinal-Pigmented Epithelial Cells Show Tendency for Spontaneous Redifferentiation

(2010) Qirui Hu et al.   STEM CELLS

International Human Xenotransplantation Inventory

(2010) Antonino Sgroi et al.   TRANSPLANTATION

Regenerative medicine for retinal diseases: activating endogenous repair mechanisms

(2010) M.O. Karl et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

A Fresh Look at iPS Cells

(2009) Shinya Yamanaka   CELL

Diverse roles of the vasculature within the neural stem cell niche

(2009) Joshua S Goldberg et al.   Regenerative Medicine

Stemness or Not Stemness? Current Status and Perspectives of Adult Retinal Stem Cells

(2009) Morgane Locker et al.   Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Neural Regeneration and Cell Replacement: A View from the Eye

(2008) Deepak Lamba et al.   Cell Stem Cell

A Specialized Vascular Niche for Adult Neural Stem Cells

(2008) Masoud Tavazoie et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Self-Organized Formation of Polarized Cortical Tissues from ESCs and Its Active Manipulation by Extrinsic Signals

(2008) Mototsugu Eiraku et al.   Cell Stem Cell

The transcriptome of retinal Müller glial cells

(2008) Karin Roesch et al.   JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY

Minimization of exogenous signals in ES cell culture induces rostral hypothalamic differentiation

(2008) T. Wataya et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CRISPR — a widespread system that provides acquired resistance against phages in bacteria and archaea

(2007) Rotem Sorek et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY