Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications

ALIX and ceramide differentially control polarized small extracellular vesicle release from epithelial cells

(2021) Takahide Matsui et al.   EMBO REPORTS

hnRNPA2B1 inhibits the exosomal export of miR-503 in endothelial cells

(2020) Jennifer Pérez-Boza et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES

ALIX- and ESCRT-III–dependent sorting of tetraspanins to exosomes

(2020) Jorge Larios et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

CAF secreted miR-522 suppresses ferroptosis and promotes acquired chemo-resistance in gastric cancer

(2020) Haiyang Zhang et al.   Molecular Cancer

Tetraspanin-6 negatively regulates exosome production

(2020) Rania Ghossoub et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes

(2020) Raghu Kalluri et al.   SCIENCE

Reduction of the therapeutic dose of silencing RNA by packaging it in extracellular vesicles via a pre-microRNA backbone

(2020) Ryan Reshke et al.   Nature Biomedical Engineering

Hepatitis A virus structural protein pX interacts with ALIX and promotes the secretion of virions and foreign proteins through exosome-like vesicles

(2020) Wang Jiang et al.   Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Severe COVID-19

(2020) Vikram Sengupta et al.   STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT

The Flemmingsome reveals an ESCRT-to-membrane coupling via ALIX/syntenin/syndecan-4 required for completion of cytokinesis

(2020) Cyril Addi et al.   Nature Communications

Exosome-based delivery of super-repressor IκBα relieves sepsis-associated organ damage and mortality

(2020) Hojun Choi et al.   Science Advances

LncRNA PVT1 promotes exosome secretion through YKT6, RAB7, and VAMP3 in pancreatic cancer

(2020) Chengming Sun et al.   Aging-US

Exosome-Mediated Crosstalk between Keratinocytes and Macrophages in Cutaneous Wound Healing

(2020) Xiaoju Zhou et al.   ACS Nano

SRSF1 regulates exosome microRNA enrichment in human cancer cells

(2020) Yi-Fan Xu et al.   Cell Communication and Signaling

RAB31 marks and controls an ESCRT-independent exosome pathway

(2020) Denghui Wei et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Anti-Tumor Effects of Exosomes Derived from Drug-Incubated Permanently Growing Human MSC

(2020) Catharina Melzer et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

The RNA binding protein FMR1 controls selective exosomal miRNA cargo loading during inflammation

(2020) Ann L. Wozniak et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Exosome-based candidates move into the clinic

(2020) Megan Cully   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Shedding Light on Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Bioengineering

(2020) Fei Teng et al.   Advanced Science

Immune Regulation by Dendritic Cell Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Immunotherapy and Vaccines

(2020) Irene Fernández-Delgado et al.   Cancers

Pharmacological inhibition of syntenin PDZ2 domain impairs breast cancer cell activities and exosome loading with syndecan and EpCAM cargo

(2020) R. Leblanc et al.   Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Exploiting Exosomes in Cancer Liquid Biopsies and Drug Delivery

(2019) Coy Austin Fitts et al.   Advanced Healthcare Materials

Exosomes Released from Rabies Virus-Infected Cells May be Involved in the Infection Process

(2019) Jingyu Wang et al.   VIROLOGICA SINICA

Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation technology for exomere and small extracellular vesicle separation and characterization

(2019) Haiying Zhang et al.   Nature Protocols

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/- mice via miR-let7 mediated infiltration and polarization of M2 macrophage

(2019) Jiangbing Li et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Major vault protein suppresses lung cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway

(2019) Hui Bai et al.   BMC CANCER

Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR promotes exosome secretion by regulating RAB35 and SNAP23 in hepatocellular carcinoma

(2019) Liang Yang et al.   Molecular Cancer

The biology of extracellular vesicles: The known unknowns

(2019) Leonid Margolis et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

Taxol-Loaded MSC-Derived Exosomes Provide a Therapeutic Vehicle to Target Metastatic Breast Cancer and Other Carcinoma Cells

(2019) Catharina Melzer et al.   Cancers

MiR-21 in Substance P-induced exosomes promotes cell proliferation and migration in human colonic epithelial cells

(2019) Kyriaki Bakirtzi et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY

YBX-1 mediated sorting of miR-133 into hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced EPC-derived exosomes to increase fibroblast angiogenesis and MEndoT

(2019) Fengxia Lin et al.   Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Distinct mechanisms of microRNA sorting into cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicle subtypes

(2019) Morayma M Temoche-Diaz et al.   eLife

Immunotherapy Based on Dendritic Cell-Targeted/-Derived Extracellular Vesicles—A Novel Strategy for Enhancement of the Anti-tumor Immune Response

(2019) Oleg Markov et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Protein Profiling and Sizing of Extracellular Vesicles from Colorectal Cancer Patients via Flow Cytometry

(2018) Ye Tian et al.   ACS Nano

MicroRNA-31-3p Is Involved in Substance P (SP)-Associated Inflammation in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells and Experimental Colitis

(2018) Kai Fang et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Exosome-Mediated Regulation of Tumor Immunology

(2018) Naohiro Seo et al.   CANCER SCIENCE

Cancer cells govern miR-2909 exosomal recruitment through its 3′-end post-transcriptional modification

(2018) Sameena Wani et al.   CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION

Identification of distinct nanoparticles and subsets of extracellular vesicles by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation

(2018) Haiying Zhang et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles

(2018) Guillaume van Niel et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Identification of RNA-binding proteins in exosomes capable of interacting with different types of RNA: RBP-facilitated transport of RNAs into exosomes

(2018) Luisa Statello et al.   PLoS One

Molecular mechanism to recruit galectin-3 into multivesicular bodies for polarized exosomal secretion

(2018) Sebastian Bänfer et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Designer exosomes produced by implanted cells intracerebrally deliver therapeutic cargo for Parkinson’s disease treatment

(2018) Ryosuke Kojima et al.   Nature Communications

A cryptic RNA-binding domain mediates Syncrip recognition and exosomal partitioning of miRNA targets

(2018) Fruzsina Hobor et al.   Nature Communications

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model

(2018) Mahesh Khatri et al.   Stem Cell Research & Therapy

A Platform To Enhance Quantitative Single Molecule Localization Microscopy

(2018) Ottavia Golfetto et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance radiotherapy-induced cell death in tumor and metastatic tumor foci

(2018) Virgínea de Araujo Farias et al.   Molecular Cancer

A Comparison of Traditional and Novel Methods for the Separation of Exosomes from Human Samples

(2018) Li-Li Yu et al.   Biomed Research International

Reprogramming Exosomes as Nanoscale Controllers of Cellular Immunity

(2018) Qinqin Cheng et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Specificities of secretion and uptake of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles for cell-to-cell communication

(2018) Mathilde Mathieu et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Engineered Exosomes as Vehicles for Biologically Active Proteins

(2017) Ulrich Sterzenbach et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

High-purity capture and release of circulating exosomes using an exosome-specific dual-patterned immunofiltration (ExoDIF) device

(2017) Yoon-Tae Kang et al.   Nanoscale

MEX3C interacts with adaptor-related protein complex 2 and involves in miR-451a exosomal sorting

(2017) Pin Lu et al.   PLoS One

Broad role for YBX1 in defining the small noncoding RNA composition of exosomes

(2017) Matthew J. Shurtleff et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Exosomal miR-146a Contributes to the Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of Interleukin-1β-Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against Sepsis

(2017) Yuxian Song et al.   STEM CELLS

Extracellular Vesicles: Unique Intercellular Delivery Vehicles

(2017) Sybren L.N. Maas et al.   TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY

MVP-mediated exosomal sorting of miR-193a promotes colon cancer progression

(2017) Yun Teng et al.   Nature Communications

Myocardial reparative functions of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells are enhanced by hypoxia treatment of the cells via transferring microRNA-210 in an nSMase2-dependent way

(2017) Jinyun Zhu et al.   Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology

Proteomic insights into extracellular vesicle biology – defining exosomes and shed microvesicles

(2016) David W. Greening et al.   Expert Review of Proteomics

Cortactin promotes exosome secretion by controlling branched actin dynamics

(2016) Seema Sinha et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

CD63 Regulates Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Exosomal Packaging, Enhancement of Vesicle Production, and Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling

(2016) Stephanie N. Hurwitz et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Erratum: Corrigendum: Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET

(2016) Héctor Peinado et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Hepatitis C virus promotes virion secretion through cleavage of the Rab7 adaptor protein RILP

(2016) Ann L. Wozniak et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ISGylation controls exosome secretion by promoting lysosomal degradation of MVB proteins

(2016) Carolina Villarroya-Beltri et al.   Nature Communications

YKT6 expression, exosome release, and survival in non-small cell lung cancer

(2016) Marc Ruiz-Martinez et al.   Oncotarget

KRAS-MEK Signaling Controls Ago2 Sorting into Exosomes

(2016) Andrew J. McKenzie et al.   Cell Reports

The RNA-Binding Protein SYNCRIP Is a Component of the Hepatocyte Exosomal Machinery Controlling MicroRNA Sorting

(2016) Laura Santangelo et al.   Cell Reports

ESCRT-III activation by parallel action of ESCRT-I/II and ESCRT-0/Bro1 during MVB biogenesis

(2016) Shaogeng Tang et al.   eLife

Y-box protein 1 is required to sort microRNAs into exosomes in cells and in a cell-free reaction

(2016) Matthew J Shurtleff et al.   eLife

Tetherin is an exosomal tether

(2016) James R Edgar et al.   eLife

ALIX Regulates the Ubiquitin-Independent Lysosomal Sorting of the P2Y1 Purinergic Receptor via a YPX3L Motif

(2016) Michael R. Dores et al.   PLoS One

A novel affinity-based method for the isolation of highly purified extracellular vesicles

(2016) Wataru Nakai et al.   Scientific Reports

Size-Exclusion Chromatography-based isolation minimally alters Extracellular Vesicles’ characteristics compared to precipitating agents

(2016) Ana Gámez-Valero et al.   Scientific Reports

Different populations of Wnt-containing vesicles are individually released from polarized epithelial cells

(2016) Qiuhong Chen et al.   Scientific Reports

Digital Detection of Exosomes by Interferometric Imaging

(2016) George G. Daaboul et al.   Scientific Reports

Protein kinase D1/2 is involved in the maturation of multivesicular bodies and secretion of exosomes in T and B lymphocytes

(2015) C Mazzeo et al.   CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION

Heparanase activates the syndecan-syntenin-ALIX exosome pathway

(2015) Bart Roucourt et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: a sugar code for vertebrate development?

(2015) Fabienne E. Poulain et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Stabilization of Exosome-targeting Peptides via Engineered Glycosylation

(2015) Michelle E. Hung et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

RAL-1 controls multivesicular body biogenesis and exosome secretion

(2015) Vincent Hyenne et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Mass spectrometry of extracellular vesicles

(2015) Gabriella Pocsfalvi et al.   MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS

PTEN secretion in exosomes

(2015) Ulrich Putz et al.   METHODS

Integrated isolation and quantitative analysis of exosome shuttled proteins and nucleic acids using immunocapture approaches

(2015) Natasa Zarovni et al.   METHODS

Dendritic cell-derived exosomes as maintenance immunotherapy after first line chemotherapy in NSCLC

(2015) Benjamin Besse et al.   OncoImmunology

Exosome-formed synthetic microRNA-143 is transferred to osteosarcoma cells and inhibits their migration

(2014) Keisuke Shimbo et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

MicroRNA-Containing T-Regulatory-Cell-Derived Exosomes Suppress Pathogenic T Helper 1 Cells

(2014) Isobel S. Okoye et al.   IMMUNITY

Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-10b promotes cell invasion in breast cancer

(2014) Ramesh Singh et al.   Molecular Cancer

Emerging Functions of SRSF1, Splicing Factor and Oncoprotein, in RNA Metabolism and Cancer

(2014) S. Das et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH

Sorting it out: Regulation of exosome loading

(2014) Carolina Villarroya-Beltri et al.   SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY

Clathrin-Independent Pathways of Endocytosis

(2014) S. Mayor et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Syntenin-ALIX exosome biogenesis and budding into multivesicular bodies are controlled by ARF6 and PLD2

(2014) Rania Ghossoub et al.   Nature Communications

Nontemplated Nucleotide Additions Distinguish the Small RNA Composition in Cells from Exosomes

(2014) Danijela Koppers-Lalic et al.   Cell Reports

Exosomes as new vesicular lipid transporters involved in cell–cell communication and various pathophysiologies

(2013) Michel Record et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS

A doxorubicin delivery platform using engineered natural membrane vesicle exosomes for targeted tumor therapy

(2013) Yanhua Tian et al.   BIOMATERIALS

ALG-2-interacting Tubby-like protein superfamily member PLSCR3 is secreted by an exosomal pathway and taken up by recipient cultured cells

(2013) Tatsutoshi Inuzuka et al.   BIOSCIENCE REPORTS

Exosomal pMHC-I complex targets T cell-based vaccine to directly stimulate CTL responses leading to antitumor immunity in transgenic FVBneuN and HLA-A2/HER2 mice and eradicating trastuzumab-resistant tumor in athymic nude mice

(2013) Lu Wang et al.   BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT

Exosomes from marrow stromal cells expressing miR-146b inhibit glioma growth

(2013) Mark Katakowski et al.   CANCER LETTERS

Synergistic Induction of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity by Codelivery of Antigen with α-Galactosylceramide on Exosomes

(2013) Ulf Gehrmann et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2)-dependent Exosomal Transfer of Angiogenic MicroRNAs Regulate Cancer Cell Metastasis

(2013) Nobuyoshi Kosaka et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Analysis of ESCRT functions in exosome biogenesis, composition and secretion highlights the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles

(2013) Marina Colombo et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

Electroporation-induced siRNA precipitation obscures the efficiency of siRNA loading into extracellular vesicles

(2013) Sander A.A. Kooijmans et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Sumoylated hnRNPA2B1 controls the sorting of miRNAs into exosomes through binding to specific motifs

(2013) Carolina Villarroya-Beltri et al.   Nature Communications

Exosome Secretion Is Enhanced by Invadopodia and Drives Invasive Behavior

(2013) Daisuke Hoshino et al.   Cell Reports

Selective extracellular vesicle-mediated export of an overlapping set of microRNAs from multiple cell types

(2012) Jasenka Guduric-Fuchs et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Rab27a Supports Exosome-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms That Modify the Tumor Microenvironment and Can Promote Tumor Progression

(2012) A. Bobrie et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Mechanism of Evenness Interrupted (Evi)-Exosome Release at Synaptic Boutons

(2012) Kate Koles et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

ALIX binds a YPX3L motif of the GPCR PAR1 and mediates ubiquitin-independent ESCRT-III/MVB sorting

(2012) Michael R. Dores et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Two Distinct Populations of Exosomes Are Released from LIM1863 Colon Carcinoma Cell-derived Organoids

(2012) Bow J. Tauro et al.   MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS

Syndecan–syntenin–ALIX regulates the biogenesis of exosomes

(2012) Maria Francesca Baietti et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Argonaute 2 Complexes Selectively Protect the Circulating MicroRNAs in Cell-Secreted Microvesicles

(2012) Limin Li et al.   PLoS One

The UBAP1 Subunit of ESCRT-I Interacts with Ubiquitin via a SOUBA Domain

(2012) Monica Agromayor et al.   STRUCTURE

Tetraspanins regulate the protrusive activities of cell membrane

(2011) Rafijul Bari et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

The Tetraspanin CD63 Regulates ESCRT-Independent and -Dependent Endosomal Sorting during Melanogenesis

(2011) Guillaume van Niel et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL CELL

Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes

(2011) Lydia Alvarez-Erviti et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Molecular mechanism and physiological functions of clathrin-mediated endocytosis

(2011) Harvey T. McMahon et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Fission of Tubular Endosomes Triggers Endosomal Acidification and Movement

(2011) Kumi Mesaki et al.   PLoS One

Exosome secretion of dendritic cells is regulated by Hrs, an ESCRT-0 protein

(2010) Keiichi Tamai et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Vesicle-related microRNAs in plasma of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients and correlation with survival

(2010) J. Silva et al.   EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL

Caveolin-1 is ubiquitinated and targeted to intralumenal vesicles in endolysosomes for degradation

(2010) Arnold Hayer et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

FYCO1 is a Rab7 effector that binds to LC3 and PI3P to mediate microtubule plus end–directed vesicle transport

(2010) Serhiy Pankiv et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Exosome release of β-catenin: a novel mechanism that antagonizes Wnt signaling

(2010) Arthit Chairoungdua et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Structural basis for 5′-nucleotide base-specific recognition of guide RNA by human AGO2

(2010) Filipp Frank et al.   NATURE

Let-7 MicroRNA Family Is Selectively Secreted into the Extracellular Environment via Exosomes in a Metastatic Gastric Cancer Cell Line

(2010) Keiichi Ohshima et al.   PLoS One

A Novel miRNA Processing Pathway Independent of Dicer Requires Argonaute2 Catalytic Activity

(2010) D. Cifuentes et al.   SCIENCE

TI-VAMP/VAMP7 and VAMP3/cellubrevin: two v-SNARE proteins involved in specific steps of the autophagy/multivesicular body pathways

(2009) Claudio Marcelo Fader et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH

Trans-Synaptic Transmission of Vesicular Wnt Signals through Evi/Wntless

(2009) Ceren Korkut et al.   CELL

ESCRT ubiquitin-binding domains function cooperatively during MVB cargo sorting

(2009) S. Brookhart Shields et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Rab27a and Rab27b control different steps of the exosome secretion pathway

(2009) Matias Ostrowski et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling

(2009) Barth D. Grant et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Membrane Fusion: Grappling with SNARE and SM Proteins

(2009) T. C. Sudhof et al.   SCIENCE

Multivesicular Endosome Biogenesis in the Absence of ESCRTs

(2009) Susanne Stuffers et al.   TRAFFIC

Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains: a functional unit in cell plasma membranes

(2009) María Yáñez-Mó et al.   TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY

Function and dysfunction of the PI system in membrane trafficking

(2008) Mariella Vicinanza et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

MicroRNA signatures of tumor-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer

(2008) Douglas D. Taylor et al.   GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY

Regulation of retromer recruitment to endosomes by sequential action of Rab5 and Rab7

(2008) Raul Rojas et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes from Human Neural Stem Cells by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry

(2008) Dukjin Kang et al.   JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH

Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular Endosomes

(2008) K. Trajkovic et al.   SCIENCE

Different Microtubule Motors Move Early and Late Endocytic Compartments

(2008) Sylvain Loubéry et al.   TRAFFIC