Emerging concepts in the treatment of optic neuritis: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles

The changing landscape of optic neuritis: a narrative review

(2021) Lindsey B. De Lott et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Neuroprotection mediated by ST266 requires full complement of proteins secreted by amnion-derived multipotent progenitor cells

(2021) Keirnan Willett et al.   PLoS One

Role of miRNAs shuttled by mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in modulating neuroinflammation

(2021) Debora Giunti et al.   Scientific Reports

Staging of astrocytopathy and complement activation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

(2021) Yoshiki Takai et al.   BRAIN

Treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with engineered mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes enriched with microRNA-146a provide amplified therapeutic efficacy

(2021) Baoyan Fan et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

3D Encapsulation and tethering of functionally engineered extracellular vesicles to hydrogels

(2021) Chun-Chieh Huang et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

New autoimmune diseases after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis

(2021) Richard K. Burt et al.   BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

Visual Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis and its Animal Model, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: a Review

(2021) Taekyun Shin et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Surface-modified engineered exosomes attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting the delivery of quercetin towards impaired neurons

(2021) Lin Guo et al.   JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

Uptake and Distribution of Administered Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles in Retina

(2021) Biji Mathew et al.   Cells

Exosomes as Naturally Occurring Vehicles for Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals: Insights from Drug Delivery to Clinical Perspectives

(2021) Arun Butreddy et al.   Nanomaterials

Complement Activation Is a Prominent Feature of MOGAD

(2021) Christian W. Keller et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

(2021) Shay Herman et al.   STEM CELLS

MiR-219a-5p Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Induce OPC Differentiation and EAE Improvement More Efficiently Than Liposomes and Polymeric Nanoparticles

(2020) Iñaki Osorio-Querejeta et al.   Pharmaceutics

In vivo silencing of miR‐125a‐3p promotes myelin repair in models of white matter demyelination

(2020) Davide Marangon et al.   GLIA

The Course of Visual Recovery after Optic Neuritis

(2020) Roy W. Beck et al.   OPHTHALMOLOGY

Extracellular vesicles derived from human ES-MSCs protect retinal ganglion cells and preserve retinal function in a rodent model of optic nerve injury

(2020) Seyedeh-Zahra Seyedrazizadeh et al.   Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Functionally engineered extracellular vesicles improve bone regeneration

(2020) Chun-Chieh Huang et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

Controlled release of odontogenic exosomes from a biodegradable vehicle mediates dentinogenesis as a novel biomimetic pulp capping therapy

(2020) W. Benton Swanson et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Gsta4 controls apoptosis of differentiating adult oligodendrocytes during homeostasis and remyelination via the mitochondria-associated Fas-Casp8-Bid-axis

(2020) Karl E. Carlström et al.   Nature Communications

Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in a 3xTg model of Alzheimer's disease

(2020) Morris Losurdo et al.   Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Systemic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Mitigates Structural and Functional Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

(2020) Oliver W. Gramlich et al.   Translational Vision Science & Technology

The Role of MicroRNAs in Repair Processes in Multiple Sclerosis

(2020) Conor P. Duffy et al.   Cells

Intranasal mesenchymal stem cell therapy to boost myelination after encephalopathy of prematurity

(2020) Josine E. G. Vaes et al.   GLIA

Dicing the Disease with Dicer: The Implications of Dicer Ribonuclease in Human Pathologies

(2020) Eleni I. Theotoki et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

MiR-17-92 enriched exosomes derived from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells enhance axon-myelin remodeling and motor electrophysiological recovery after stroke

(2020) Hongqi Xin et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Oligodendrocyte-specific Argonaute profiling identifies microRNAs associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2020) Qin Ma et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Amnion-Derived Multipotent Progenitor Cells Suppress Experimental Optic Neuritis and Myelitis

(2020) Reas S. Khan et al.   Neurotherapeutics

Trends in Optic Neuritis Incidence and Prevalence in the UK and Association With Systemic and Neurologic Disease

(2020) Tasanee Braithwaite et al.   JAMA Neurology

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Multiple Sclerosis

(2020) Aaron E. Miller et al.   JAMA Neurology

Intravitreal Co-Administration of GDNF and CNTF Confers Synergistic and Long-Lasting Protection against Injury-Induced Cell Death of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Mice

(2020) Simon Dulz et al.   Cells

Emerging Targeted Therapies for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

(2020) Cristina Valencia-Sanchez et al.   BIODRUGS

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disorder-optic neuritis: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and treatment

(2020) Sidney M. Gospe et al.   EYE

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells support remyelination in a murine model of multiple sclerosis by promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation

(2020) Carolina Melero‐Jerez et al.   GLIA

New therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

(2020) Michael Levy et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Enhanced Mesenchymal Stromal Cells or Erythropoietin Provide Long-Term Functional Benefit After Neonatal Stroke

(2020) Amara Larpthaveesarp et al.   STROKE

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Neuroinflammation, Promote Neural Cell Proliferation and Improve Oligodendrocyte Maturation in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

(2020) Nicole Kaminski et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Intranasal Delivery: Effects on the Neuroimmune Axes and Treatment of Neuroinflammation

(2020) Elizabeth M. Rhea et al.   Pharmaceutics

Combinatorial intranasal delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and insulin-like growth factor-1 improves neurovascularization and functional outcomes following focal cerebral ischemia in mice

(2020) Huachao Shen et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Exosomes Derived From Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Early Inflammatory Responses Following Traumatic Brain Injury

(2019) Haoqi Ni et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Effects of Varying Intranasal Treatment Regimens in ST266-Mediated Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection

(2019) Reas S. Khan et al.   JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and retinal ischemia-reperfusion

(2019) Biji Mathew et al.   BIOMATERIALS

Manufacturing of primed mesenchymal stromal cells for therapy

(2019) James Q. Yin et al.   Nature Biomedical Engineering

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Nanotherapeutics for Autoimmune and Neurodegenerative Disorders

(2019) Milad Riazifar et al.   ACS Nano

Immunomodulatory properties of MSC-derived exosomes armed with high affinity aptamer toward mylein as a platform for reducing multiple sclerosis clinical score

(2019) Fazileh Hosseini Shamili et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Eculizumab in Aquaporin-4–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

(2019) Sean J. Pittock et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

RVG-modified exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells rescue memory deficits by regulating inflammatory responses in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

(2019) Guo-hong Cui et al.   Immunity & Ageing

mi RNA contributions to pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis inferred from GWAS

(2019) Brooke Rhead et al.   Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Exosome manufacturing status

(2019) William Whitford et al.   Future Medicinal Chemistry

Delivery of miR-675 by stem cell-derived exosomes encapsulated in silk fibroin hydrogel prevents aging-induced vascular dysfunction in mouse hindlimb

(2019) Chaoshan Han et al.   Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications

Exosomes regulate neurogenesis and circuit assembly

(2019) Pranav Sharma et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Glial pathology and retinal neurotoxicity in the anterior visual pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2019) Jing Jin et al.   Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Taxol-Loaded MSC-Derived Exosomes Provide a Therapeutic Vehicle to Target Metastatic Breast Cancer and Other Carcinoma Cells

(2019) Catharina Melzer et al.   Cancers

Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Loaded with Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog siRNA Repairs Complete Spinal Cord Injury

(2019) Shaowei Guo et al.   ACS Nano

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other cellular therapy in multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated neurological diseases: updated guidelines and recommendations from the EBMT Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of EBMT and ISCT (JACIE)

(2019) Basil Sharrack et al.   BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

Insights into the Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Potential Applications

(2019) Sharon Eleuteri et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Inebilizumab for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (N-MOmentum): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial

(2019) Bruce A C Cree et al.   LANCET

Population-based incidence of pediatric and adult optic neuritis and the risk of Multiple Sclerosis

(2019) Ju-Yeun Lee et al.   OPHTHALMOLOGY

Intranasally Administered Exosomes from Umbilical Cord Stem Cells Have Preventive Neuroprotective Effects and Contribute to Functional Recovery after Perinatal Brain Injury

(2019) Thomi et al.   Cells

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells present antigen and are cytotoxic targets in inflammatory demyelination

(2019) Leslie Kirby et al.   Nature Communications

Oligodendrocyte Intrinsic miR-27a Controls Myelination and Remyelination

(2019) Ajai Tripathi et al.   Cell Reports

Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myelin Regeneration in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis

(2019) Kaitlin Clark et al.   Cells

Effects of intravitreal injection of human CD34+ bone marrow stem cells in a murine model of diabetic retinopathy

(2019) Amirfarbod Yazdanyar et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Intranasally Administered Human MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Pervasively Incorporate into Neurons and Microglia in both Intact and Status Epilepticus Injured Forebrain

(2019) Maheedhar Kodali et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Systemic delivery of microRNA-21 antisense oligonucleotides to the brain using T7-peptide decorated exosomes

(2019) Gyeungyun Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Extracellular Vesicles–Encapsulated MicroRNA-125b Produced in Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation

(2019) Silvia Baldari et al.   Cells

Possibility of Exosome-Based Therapeutics and Challenges in Production of Exosomes Eligible for Therapeutic Application

(2018) Takuma Yamashita et al.   BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

Gene expression in retinal ischemic post-conditioning

(2018) Konrad Kadzielawa et al.   GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY

Evolution of Visual Outcomes in Clinical Trials for Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapies

(2018) Rachel C. Nolan et al.   JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY

In vivo evidence for the contribution of peripheral circulating inflammatory exosomes to neuroinflammation

(2018) Jing Jing Li et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Extracellular Vesicles Containing IL-4 Modulate Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

(2018) Giacomo Casella et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Cell-to-cell Communication by Extracellular Vesicles: Focus on Microglia

(2018) Rosa C. Paolicelli et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Failure to Adapt to Glucose Shortage and Rapidly Use Intracellular Energy Reserves Through Glycolysis Explains Poor Cell Survival After Implantation

(2018) Adrien Moya et al.   STEM CELLS

Designer exosomes produced by implanted cells intracerebrally deliver therapeutic cargo for Parkinson’s disease treatment

(2018) Ryosuke Kojima et al.   Nature Communications

Author Correction: Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis

(2018) Lingling Bai et al.   Scientific Reports

Nanomedicine for Intranasal Delivery to Improve Brain Uptake

(2018) Amit A. Patel et al.   Current Drug Delivery

2017 McDonald diagnostic criteria: A review of the evidence

(2018) N McNicholas et al.   Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Enhanced Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes with an Injectable Hydrogel for Hindlimb Ischemia Treatment

(2018) Kaiyue Zhang et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody–Positive Optic Neuritis: Clinical Characteristics, Radiologic Clues, and Outcome

(2018) John J. Chen et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Towards rationally designed biomanufacturing of therapeutic extracellular vesicles: impact of the bioproduction microenvironment

(2018) Divya B. Patel et al.   BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES

Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells in a model of progressive multiple sclerosis

(2018) Fernando Laso-García et al.   PLoS One

Creatine Enhances Mitochondrial-Mediated Oligodendrocyte Survival After Demyelinating Injury

(2017) Kelly A. Chamberlain et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Integration of stem cell-derived exosomes with in situ hydrogel glue as a promising tissue patch for articular cartilage regeneration

(2017) Xiaolin Liu et al.   Nanoscale

Administrations of human adult ischemia-tolerant mesenchymal stem cells and factors reduce amyloid beta pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

(2017) Taoufiq Harach et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

Intranasal MSC-derived A1-exosomes ease inflammation, and prevent abnormal neurogenesis and memory dysfunction after status epilepticus

(2017) Qianfa Long et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Roles of exosomes in the normal and diseased eye

(2017) Mikael Klingeborn et al.   PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles Modulate Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Inflammatory Responses to Microglia Cells

(2017) Yarúa Jaimes et al.   STEM CELLS

First Characterization of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as a Powerful Paracrine Tool Endowed with Regenerative Potential

(2017) Carolina Balbi et al.   Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Promote Survival of Retinal Ganglion Cells Through miRNA-Dependent Mechanisms

(2017) Ben Mead et al.   Stem Cells Translational Medicine

GMSC-Derived Exosomes Combined with a Chitosan/Silk Hydrogel Sponge Accelerates Wound Healing in a Diabetic Rat Skin Defect Model

(2017) Quan Shi et al.   Frontiers in Physiology

Intranasal Delivery of A Novel Amnion Cell Secretome Prevents Neuronal Damage and Preserves Function In A Mouse Multiple Sclerosis Model

(2017) Reas S. Khan et al.   Scientific Reports

Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis

(2017) Lingling Bai et al.   Scientific Reports

Impact of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion on Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot, 2-Year Observational Study

(2016) Ying Fu et al.   CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Extracellular vesicles: masters of intercellular communication and potential clinical interventions

(2016) Jonathan M. Pitt et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Immunoablation and autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: a multicentre single-group phase 2 trial

(2016) Harold L Atkins et al.   LANCET

Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson's disease therapy

(2015) Matthew J. Haney et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived From Crohn's Patients Deploy Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated Immune Suppression, Independent of Autophagy

(2015) Raghavan Chinnadurai et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Retinal ganglion cell layer thinning within one month of presentation for optic neuritis

(2015) Mark J Kupersmith et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Paracrine Action of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Revealed by Single Cell Gene Profiling in Infarcted Murine Hearts

(2015) Yan Yao et al.   PLoS One

Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Exosomes, Microvesicles and the Emerging Role of Large Oncosomes

(2015) Valentina R. Minciacchi et al.   SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Retinal ganglion cell layer thinning within one month of presentation for optic neuritis

(2015) Mark J Kupersmith et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Exosome and Exosomal MicroRNA: Trafficking, Sorting, and Function

(2015) Jian Zhang et al.   GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS

Intranasal delivery of central nervous system-retargeted human mesenchymal stromal cells prolongs treatment efficacy of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2014) Moa Fransson et al.   IMMUNOLOGY

Is the incidence of optic neuritis rising? Evidence from an epidemiological study in Barcelona (Spain), 2008–2012

(2014) E. H. Martínez-Lapiscina et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Exosomes secreted by nematode parasites transfer small RNAs to mammalian cells and modulate innate immunity

(2014) Amy H. Buck et al.   Nature Communications

The promotion of bone regeneration through positive regulation of angiogenic–osteogenic coupling using microRNA-26a

(2013) Yan Li et al.   BIOMATERIALS

Exosomes in cancer development, metastasis, and drug resistance: a comprehensive review

(2013) Asfar S. Azmi et al.   CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS

Exosomes from marrow stromal cells expressing miR-146b inhibit glioma growth

(2013) Mark Katakowski et al.   CANCER LETTERS

Youth and environmental enrichment generate serum exosomes containing miR-219 that promote CNS myelination

(2013) Aya D. Pusic et al.   GLIA

Exosome Uptake Depends on ERK1/2-Heat Shock Protein 27 Signaling and Lipid Raft-mediated Endocytosis Negatively Regulated by Caveolin-1

(2013) Katrin J. Svensson et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Optic neuritis

(2013) Ahmed T Toosy et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes increase ATP levels, decrease oxidative stress and activate PI3K/Akt pathway to enhance myocardial viability and prevent adverse remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

(2013) Fatih Arslan et al.   Stem Cell Research

MiR-133b Promotes Neural Plasticity and Functional Recovery After Treatment of Stroke with Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Rats Via Transfer of Exosome-Enriched Extracellular Particles

(2013) Hongqi Xin et al.   STEM CELLS

Human mesenchymal stem cell-replicative senescence and oxidative stress are closely linked to aneuploidy

(2013) J C Estrada et al.   Cell Death & Disease

Sumoylated hnRNPA2B1 controls the sorting of miRNAs into exosomes through binding to specific motifs

(2013) Carolina Villarroya-Beltri et al.   Nature Communications

Adult mesenchymal stem cell therapy for myelin repair in Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Francisco J Rivera et al.   BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Microvesicles released from microglia stimulate synaptic activity via enhanced sphingolipid metabolism

(2012) Flavia Antonucci et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

MicroRNAs are universal regulators of differentiation, activation, and polarization of microglia and macrophages in normal and diseased CNS

(2012) Eugene D. Ponomarev et al.   GLIA

Microvesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells: Potent organelles for induction of tolerogenic signaling

(2012) Aram Mokarizadeh et al.   IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS

Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label phase 2a proof-of-concept study

(2012) Peter Connick et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Baseline, one and three month changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in acute optic neuritis: Relation to baseline vision and MRI

(2011) Mark J. Kupersmith et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Treatment of Brain Inflammatory Diseases by Delivering Exosome Encapsulated Anti-inflammatory Drugs From the Nasal Region to the Brain

(2011) Xiaoying Zhuang et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes

(2011) Lydia Alvarez-Erviti et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Optic Neuritis and Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in a Chronic Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis

(2011) Thomas A. Quinn et al.   Frontiers in Neurology

Inhibition of Myelin Membrane Sheath Formation by Oligodendrocyte-derived Exosome-like Vesicles

(2010) Mostafa Bakhti et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Mammalian microRNAs predominantly act to decrease target mRNA levels

(2010) Huili Guo et al.   NATURE

Functional delivery of viral miRNAs via exosomes

(2010) D. M. Pegtel et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Long-term Cultures of Bone Marrow–Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Frequently Undergo Spontaneous Malignant Transformation

(2009) Gro Vatne Røsland et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Multiple Sclerosis: MicroRNA Expression Profiles Accurately Differentiate Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Disease from Healthy Controls

(2009) Andreas Keller et al.   PLoS One

Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis

(2008) T. Kuhlmann et al.   BRAIN

Paracrine Mechanisms in Adult Stem Cell Signaling and Therapy

(2008) Massimiliano Gnecchi et al.   CIRCULATION RESEARCH

Proteomic profiling of exosomes: Current perspectives

(2008) Richard J. Simpson et al.   PROTEOMICS