Propolis antiviral and immunomodulatory activity: a review and perspectives for COVID-19 treatment

Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

(2020) Dawei Wang et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak

(2020) Hussin A. Rothan et al.   JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY

The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China

(2020) Yongshi Yang et al.   JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY

Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis

(2020) Yu Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2

(2020) Renhong Yan et al.   SCIENCE

Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies

(2020) Syed Faraz Ahmed et al.   Viruses-Basel

Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts

(2020) Joel Hellewell et al.   Lancet Global Health

Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Capacities and Enzymatic Inhibitory Activities of Propolis from Different Geographical Areas: Needs for Analytical Harmonization

(2020) Sandra M. Osés et al.   Antioxidants

Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

(2020) Alexandra C. Walls et al.   CELL

Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy

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The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Kristian G. Andersen et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

(2020) Ruiyun Li et al.   SCIENCE

B Cell Activation and Response Regulation During Viral Infections

(2020) Jonathan H. Lam et al.   VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY

Back to the basics: Propolis and COVID ‐19

(2020) Dimitri Bachevski et al.   Dermatologic Therapy

Ferulic acid isolated from propolis inhibits porcine parvovirus replication potentially through Bid-mediate apoptosis

(2020) Xia Ma et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): a global pandemic and treatment strategies

(2020) Atul Sharma et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 through the evaluation of three immunoassays: Two automated immunoassays (Euroimmun and Abbott) and one rapid lateral flow immunoassay (NG Biotech)

(2020) Thomas Nicol et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY

Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals

(2020) Davide F. Robbiani et al.   NATURE

Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections

(2020) Quan-Xin Long et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic

(2020) Betty Pfefferbaum et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Influenza virus infection affects insulin signaling, fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme expressions, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in mice

(2020) Marumi Ohno et al.   Scientific Reports

Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19

(2020) Takuya Sekine et al.   CELL

Comparative analyses of SARS-CoV-2 binding (IgG, IgM, IgA) and neutralizing antibodies from human serum samples

(2020) Livia Mazzini et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS

Mutually assured destruction: the cold war between viruses and natural killer cells

(2019) Ayad Ali et al.   Current Opinion in Virology

Control of Acute Arboviral Infection by Natural Killer Cells

(2019) Christopher Maucourant et al.   Viruses-Basel

Cationic chitosan-propolis nanoparticles alter the zeta potential of S. epidermidis, inhibit biofilm formation by modulating gene expression and exhibit synergism with antibiotics

(2019) Teik Hwa Ong et al.   PLoS One

Contact allergy to beeswax and propolis among patients with cheilitis or facial dermatitis

(2019) Gunnar S. A. Nyman et al.   CONTACT DERMATITIS

Impacts of Egyptian propolis extract on rat cerebellum intoxicated by aluminum silicate: histopathological studies

(2019) Nahed A. Omar et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

The Anti-Staphylococcal Potential of Ethanolic Polish Propolis Extracts

(2019) Katarzyna Grecka et al.   MOLECULES

Effects of Brazilian green propolis on proteinuria and renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

(2019) Marcelo Augusto Duarte Silveira et al.   BMC Nephrology

Antiviral peptides as promising therapeutic drugs

(2019) Liana Costa Pereira Vilas Boas et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES

A role for antibodies in natural HIV control

(2019) Arnaud Moris et al.   Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

The Effect of Iranian Propolis on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Profile, Insulin Resistance, Renal Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial

(2019) Mehrnoosh Zakerkish et al.   Scientific Reports

The PD-1/PD-L1 Axis and Virus Infections: A Delicate Balance

(2019) Günther Schönrich et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Synergistic interactions of phytochemicals with antimicrobial agents: Potential strategy to counteract drug resistance

(2019) Muhammad Ayaz et al.   CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS

Detoxification effects of aloe polysaccharide and propolis on the urinary excretion of metabolites in smokers

(2019) Hyun Jung Koo et al.   FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY

The Role of Innate Leukocytes during Influenza Virus Infection

(2019) Prem P. Lamichhane et al.   Journal of Immunology Research

Papillomavirus Immune Evasion Strategies Target the Infected Cell and the Local Immune System

(2019) Chenhao Zhou et al.   Frontiers in Oncology

Treg/Th17 imbalance and its clinical significance in patients with hepatitis B-associated liver cirrhosis

(2019) Yong-Ting Lan et al.   Diagnostic Pathology

Focus on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

(2019) A. Bleibtreu et al.   MEDECINE ET MALADIES INFECTIEUSES

Evidence on the Health Benefits of Supplemental Propolis

(2019) Andrea Braakhuis   Nutrients

Role of the antioxidant properties in the gastroprotective and gastric healing activity promoted by Brazilian green propolis and the healing efficacy of Artepillin C

(2019) Philipe Costa et al.   INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY

Antiviral effects of Brazilian green and red propolis extracts on Enterovirus surrogates

(2019) Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

Evaluation of potential herbal-drug interactions of a standardized propolis extract (EPP-AF®) using an in vivo cocktail approach

(2019) Diego A.C. Cusinato et al.   JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY

In Vitro Evaluation of the Potential Use of Propolis as a Multitarget Therapeutic Product: Physicochemical Properties, Chemical Composition, and Immunomodulatory, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Properties

(2019) Soumaya Touzani et al.   Biomed Research International

Green propolis increases myeloid suppressor cells and CD4+Foxp3+ cells and reduces Th2 inflammation in the lungs after allergen exposure

(2019) Annie R. Piñeros et al.   JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY

Potential role of propolis in wound healing: Biological properties and therapeutic activities

(2018) Ahmad Oryan et al.   BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

Neutrophils in viral infection

(2018) Victor Naumenko et al.   CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH

The use of Brazilian propolis for discovery and development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs

(2018) Marcelo Franchin et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Propolis Protects Endotoxin Induced Acute Lung and Liver Inflammation Through Attenuating Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress

(2018) Berat Yangi et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD

Chemical composition, immunostimulatory, cytotoxic and antiparasitic activities of the essential oil from Brazilian red propolis

(2018) Ângela Sena-Lopes et al.   PLoS One

Dengue periodic outbreaks and epidemiological trends in Nepal

(2018) Birendra Prasad Gupta et al.   Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials

C-Type Lectin Receptors in Antiviral Immunity and Viral Escape

(2018) Marta Bermejo-Jambrina et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Comparison between In Vitro Antiviral Effect of Mexican Propolis and Three Commercial Flavonoids against Canine Distemper Virus

(2018) María de Jesús González-Búrquez et al.   Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Monocytes and Macrophages as Viral Targets and Reservoirs

(2018) Ekaterina Nikitina et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Malaysian propolis, metformin and their combination, exert hepatoprotective effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

(2018) Victor Udo Nna et al.   LIFE SCIENCES

Yellow fever outbreak in Brazil: the puzzle of rapid viral spread and challenges for immunisation

(2018) Cristina Possas et al.   MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ

Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): A review

(2018) Syed Ishtiaq Anjum et al.   SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Biochemical and morphological evaluation of the effects of propolis on cisplatin induced kidney damage in rats

(2018) E. Yuluğ et al.   BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY

Innate immunity and HPV: friends or foes

(2018) RA Nunes et al.   Clinics

What's the “buzz” about propolis? Propolis-induced systemic contact dermatitis

(2018) Jeremy Freedman et al.   CONTACT DERMATITIS

Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses

(2018) Jie Cui et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Clinical pharmacology in HIV cure research – what impact have we seen?

(2018) Andrea Giacomelli et al.   Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology

The Role of Propolis in Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial

(2017) Verónica Mujica et al.   Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Multiplex Respiratory Virus Testing for Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Prospective Assessment of Antimicrobial Use and Clinical Outcomes Among Hospitalized Adults

(2017) Makeda Semret et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits

(2017) Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Complement Evasion Strategies of Viruses: An Overview

(2017) Palak Agrawal et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

A Mature NK Profile at the Time of HIV Primary Infection Is Associated with an Early Response to cART

(2017) Françoise Gondois-Rey et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Chronic hepatitis C liver microenvironment: role of the Th17/Treg interplay related to fibrogenesis

(2017) Daniela Alejandra Rios et al.   Scientific Reports

Protective Effect of Propolis in Proteinuria, Crystaluria, Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Ethylene Glycol Ingestion

(2016) Nawal El Menyiy et al.   ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH

Propolis, Colophony, and Fragrance Cross-Reactivity and Allergic Contact Dermatitis

(2016) Yiwen Shi et al.   Dermatitis

Formulation and Evaluation of a Mucoadhesive Thermoresponsive System Containing Brazilian Green Propolis for the Treatment of Lesions Caused by Herpes Simplex Type I

(2016) Renata Sespede Mazia et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Propolis modulates miRNAs involved in TLR-4 pathway, NF-κB activation, cytokine production and in the bactericidal activity of human dendritic cells

(2016) Bruno J. Conti et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Phenolic compounds alone or in combination may be involved in propolis effects on human monocytes

(2016) Eliza de Oliveira Cardoso et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Reno-protective effects of propolis on gentamicin-induced acute renal toxicity in swiss albino mice

(2016) Badr Abdullah Aldahmash et al.   NEFROLOGIA

Biological Properties and Therapeutic Applications of Propolis

(2016) José M. Sforcin   PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH

Protective effect of propolis on methotrexate-induced kidney injury in the rat

(2016) Hasan Basri Ulusoy et al.   RENAL FAILURE

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) origin and animal reservoir

(2016) Hamzah A. Mohd et al.   Virology Journal

Immunopotentiation of four natural adjuvants co-administered with a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 subunit

(2016) Jun Peng et al.   VIRUS GENES

Antiviral Activity of Hatay Propolis Against Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2

(2016) Ayse Yildirim et al.   MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR

Immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effects of a propolis-containing mouthwash on human monocytes

(2016) Karina Basso Santiago et al.   Pathogens and Disease

Balancing Immune Protection and Immune Pathology by CD8+ T-Cell Responses to Influenza Infection

(2016) Susu Duan et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Traditional Therapies for Skin Wound Healing

(2016) Rúben F. Pereira et al.   Advances in Wound Care

Ebola Virus Disease

(2015) Michael J. Murray   ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA

Review of natural product databases

(2015) Tao Xie et al.   CELL PROLIFERATION

In vivo nephroprotective efficacy of propolis against contrast-induced nephropathy

(2015) Murat Baykara et al.   Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology

Effect of propolis on erythrocyte rheology in experimental mercury intoxication in rats

(2015) K. Ercis et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

Propolis: A Complex Natural Product with a Plethora of Biological Activities That Can Be Explored for Drug Development

(2015) Ricardo Silva-Carvalho et al.   Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Modulatory effects of propolis samples from Latin America (Brazil, Cuba and Mexico) on cytokine production by human monocytes

(2015) Bruno J. Conti et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY

The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era

(2015) Alan L. Harvey et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

The role of Th17 and Treg responses in the pathogenesis of RSV infection

(2015) Thomas C. Mangodt et al.   PEDIATRIC RESEARCH

PRRs are watching you: Localization of innate sensing and signaling regulators

(2015) Jonathan Chow et al.   VIROLOGY

RIG-I in RNA virus recognition

(2015) Alison M. Kell et al.   VIROLOGY

Broad-spectrum antiviral agents

(2015) Jun-Da Zhu et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

New Insights about Treg and Th17 Cells in HIV Infection and Disease Progression

(2015) Jacqueline María Valverde-Villegas et al.   Journal of Immunology Research

Innate and Adaptive Immune Regulation During Chronic Viral Infections

(2015) Elina I. Zuniga et al.   Annual Review of Virology

Viral Hepatitis Surveillance — India, 2011–2013

(2015) Tripurari Kumar et al.   MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT

In vivo nephroprotective efficacy of propolis against contrast-induced nephropathy

(2015) Murat Baykara et al.   Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology

Nitric Oxide and Brazilian Propolis Combined Accelerates Tissue Repair by Modulating Cell Migration, Cytokine Production and Collagen Deposition in Experimental Leishmaniasis

(2015) Milena Menegazzo Miranda et al.   PLoS One

Brazilian Red Propolis Attenuates Inflammatory Signaling Cascade in LPS-Activated Macrophages

(2015) Bruno Bueno-Silva et al.   PLoS One

Brazilian green propolis modulates inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in intraperitoneal implant in mice

(2014) Luiza DC Lima et al.   BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Identification of natural antimicrobial agents to treat dengue infection: In vitro analysis of latarcin peptide activity against dengue virus

(2014) Hussin A Rothan et al.   BMC MICROBIOLOGY

The ameliorative effect of propolis against methoxychlor induced ovarian toxicity in rat

(2014) Eman E. El-Sharkawy et al.   EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY

Propolis Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats

(2014) Sherine M. Rizk et al.   FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY

Taiwanese Green Propolis and Propolin G Protect the Liver from the Pathogenesis of Fibrosis via Eliminating TGF-β-Induced Smad2/3 Phosphorylation

(2014) Kang-Yi Su et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

The immunomodulatory effect of propolis on receptors expression, cytokine production and fungicidal activity of human monocytes

(2014) Michelle Cristiane Búfalo et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Recent Advances in the Chemical Composition of Propolis

(2014) Shuai Huang et al.   MOLECULES

Chemical composition of Propolis Extract ACF® and activity against herpes simplex virus

(2014) V. Bankova et al.   PHYTOMEDICINE

Current progress in antiviral strategies

(2014) Zhiyong Lou et al.   TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Virus Budding and the ESCRT Pathway

(2013) Jörg Votteler et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Neurological and Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs

(2013) Michael S. Abers et al.   CNS DRUGS

The Inhibition of Inflammasome by Brazilian Propolis (EPP-AF)

(2013) Juliana I. Hori et al.   Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Emerging Roles of Propolis: Antioxidant, Cardioprotective, and Antiangiogenic Actions

(2013) Julio Beltrame Daleprane et al.   Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Effect of Brazilian Propolis on Exacerbation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mice Exposed to Tetrabromobisphenol A, a Brominated Flame Retardant

(2013) Tomomi Takeshita et al.   Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Recent Progress of Propolis for Its Biological and Chemical Compositions and Its Botanical Origin

(2013) Viviane Cristina Toreti et al.   Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Animal models of chemically induced intestinal inflammation: Predictivity and ethical issues

(2013) Giovanni Dothel et al.   PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Intervention of ginger or propolis ameliorates methotrexate-induced ileum toxicity

(2013) Manal Abdul-Hamid et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

Brazilian propolis inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells by inhibition of interleukin-6-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

(2012) Yoshihiro Okamoto et al.   IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY

The immunological activity of propolis flavonoids liposome on the immune response against ND vaccine

(2012) Ju Yuan et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

The Effects of Propolis and its Isolated Compounds on Cytokine Production by Murine Macrophages

(2012) T. F. Bachiega et al.   PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH

Systemic Contact Dermatitis from Propolis Ingestion

(2011) Eujin Cho et al.   Annals of Dermatology

Effect of propolis and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on NFκB activation by HTLV-1 Tax

(2011) Jenny Shvarzbeyn et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Protective effect of brown Brazilian propolis against acute vaginal lesions caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice: involvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms

(2011) Gláubia Sartori et al.   CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION

Propolis Prevents Hepatorenal Injury Induced by Chronic Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride

(2011) Monika Bhadauria   Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Toll-like Receptors and Their Crosstalk with Other Innate Receptors in Infection and Immunity

(2011) Taro Kawai et al.   IMMUNITY

Epimedium polysaccharide and propolis flavone can synergistically inhibit the cellular infectivity of NDV and improve the curative effect of ND in chicken

(2011) Yunpeng Fan et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

Antiviral Drugs for Viruses Other Than Human Immunodeficiency Virus

(2011) Raymund R. Razonable   MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS

Antibacterial effects of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis and synergistic effects with antibiotics acting on the bacterial DNA and folic acid

(2011) R.O. Orsi et al.   NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH

The effects of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolisin vitroagainstSalmonellaTyphi and their synergism with antibiotics acting on the ribosome

(2011) R.O. Orsi et al.   NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH

Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Dengue Virus Requires Mannose-Binding Lectin

(2011) P. Avirutnan et al.   mBio

Suppression of interleukin 17 production by Brazilian propolis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis

(2011) Mayuri Tanaka et al.   INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY

Differentiation of Effector CD4 T Cell Populations

(2010) Jinfang Zhu et al.   Annual Review of Immunology

Propolis: Is there a potential for the development of new drugs?

(2010) José Maurício Sforcin et al.   JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY

A Paradoxical Role for Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus

(2010) Fengwei Bai et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

The Effect of propolis on Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and production by melanoma-bearing mice submitted to stress

(2010) F. Missima et al.   PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH

An emerging role for p21-activated kinases (Paks) in viral infections

(2010) Celine Van den Broeke et al.   TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY

Contact allergy to propolis in beekeepers

(2009) K. Münstedt et al.   ALLERGOLOGIA ET IMMUNOPATHOLOGIA

Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses

(2009) T. H. Mogensen   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS

Anti-poliovirus activity ofBaccharis dracunculifoliaand propolis by cell viability determination and real-time PCR

(2009) M.C. Búfalo et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus

(2009) Gabriele Neumann et al.   NATURE

Mechanism of herpes simplex virus type 2 suppression by propolis extracts

(2009) Silke Nolkemper et al.   PHYTOMEDICINE

Propolis immunomodulatory actionin vivoon Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 expression and on pro-inflammatory cytokines production in mice

(2009) C. L. Orsatti et al.   PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH

Antiviral Activity and Mode of Action of Propolis Extracts and Selected Compounds

(2009) Paul Schnitzler et al.   PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH

Propolis reverses acetaminophen induced acute hepatorenal alterations: A biochemical and histopathological approach

(2008) Satendra Kumar Nirala et al.   ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH

Redefining viruses: lessons from Mimivirus

(2008) Didier Raoult et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Green Brazilian Propolis Action on Macrophages and Lymphoid Organs of Chronically Stressed Mice

(2007) Fabiane Missima et al.   Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine