Role of the PE/PPE Family in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Prospects for Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccine and Diagnostic Tool Design

PE/PPE proteins mediate nutrient transport across the outer membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(2020) Qinglan Wang et al.   SCIENCE

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE31 (Rv3477) Attenuates Host Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Recombinant M. smegmatis Intracellular Survival via Up-regulating GTPase Guanylate Binding Protein-1

(2020) Md Kaisar Ali et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Plasma membrane damage causes NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

(2020) Kai S. Beckwith et al.   Nature Communications

New insights into the evasion of host innate immunity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(2020) Qiyao Chai et al.   Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Enhancement of the effect of BCG vaccine against tuberculosis using DDA/TDB liposomes containing a fusion protein of HspX, PPE44, and EsxV

(2019) Davood Mansury et al.   Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology

PE_PGRS62 promotes the survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis within macrophages via disrupting ER stress‐mediated apoptosis

(2019) Quanxin Long et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY

A novel PPE39 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Beijing/K induces Th1 polarization via dendritic cell maturation

(2019) Hong-Hee Choi et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

A Mycobacterium tuberculosis surface protein recruits ubiquitin to trigger host xenophagy

(2019) Qiyao Chai et al.   Nature Communications

Molecular Basis Underlying Host Immunity Subversion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE/PPE Family Molecules

(2019) Xiaowen Yu et al.   DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY

Heme and hemoglobin utilization by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(2019) Avishek Mitra et al.   Nature Communications

Mycobacterium tuberculosisPPE60 antigen drives Th1/Th17 responses via Toll-like receptor 2–dependent maturation of dendritic cells

(2018) Haibo Su et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Mycobacterium tuberculosisPPE18 Protein Reduces Inflammation and Increases Survival in Animal Model of Sepsis

(2018) Asma Ahmed et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

The PGRS Domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS Protein Rv0297 Is Involved in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis through Toll-Like Receptor 4

(2018) Sonam Grover et al.   mBio

PPE65 of M. tuberculosis regulate pro-inflammatory signalling through LRR domains of Toll like receptor-2

(2018) Rahila Qureshi et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Regulation of host cell pyroptosis and cytokines production by Mycobacterium tuberculosis effector PPE60 requires LUBAC mediated NF-κB signaling

(2018) Zhen Gong et al.   CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY

PPE37 is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis heme-iron acquisition (HIA) and a defective PPE37 in Mycobacterium bovis BCG prevents HIA

(2018) Michael V. Tullius et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Expression and regulatory networks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE/PPE family antigens

(2018) Wu Li et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY

PPE11 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can alter host inflammatory response and trigger cell death

(2018) Xuan Peng et al.   MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS

PPE17 (Rv1168c) protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detects individuals with latent TB infection

(2018) Philip Raj Abraham et al.   PLoS One

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE44 (Rv2770c) is involved in response to multiple stresses and promotes the macrophage expression of IL-12 p40 and IL-6 via the p38, ERK, and NF-κB signaling axis

(2017) Zhaoxiao Yu et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

PPE27 in Mycobacterium smegmatis Enhances Mycobacterial Survival and Manipulates Cytokine Secretion in Mouse Macrophages

(2017) Guoping Yang et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH

Down-regulation of PE11, a cell wall associated esterase, enhances the biofilm growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and reduces cell wall virulence lipid levels

(2017) Shivangi Rastogi et al.   MICROBIOLOGY-SGM

The N-terminal domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE17 (Rv1168c) protein plays a dominant role in inducing antibody responses in active TB patients

(2017) Philip Raj Abraham et al.   PLoS One

PPE38 Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibits Macrophage MHC Class I Expression and Dampens CD8+ T Cell Responses

(2017) Lu Meng et al.   Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS41 Enhances the Intracellular Survival of M. smegmatis within Macrophages Via Blocking Innate Immunity and Inhibition of Host Defense

(2017) Wanyan Deng et al.   Scientific Reports

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS18 enhances the intracellular survival of M. smegmatis via altering host macrophage cytokine profiling and attenuating the cell apoptosis

(2016) Wenmin Yang et al.   APOPTOSIS

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE13 (Rv1195) manipulates the host cell fate via p38-ERK-NF-κB axis and apoptosis

(2016) Hui Li et al.   APOPTOSIS

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE27 activates dendritic cells and contributes to Th1-polarized memory immune responses during in vivo infection

(2016) Woo Sik Kim et al.   IMMUNOBIOLOGY

Separable roles forMycobacterium tuberculosisESX-3 effectors in iron acquisition and virulence

(2016) JoAnn M. Tufariello et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE32 promotes cytokines production and host cell apoptosis through caspase cascade accompanying with enhanced ER stress response

(2016) Wanyan Deng et al.   Oncotarget

CD4+ T Cells Recognizing PE/PPE Antigens Directly or via Cross Reactivity Are Protective against Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

(2016) Fadel Sayes et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Co-operonic PE32/PPE65 Proteins Alter Host Immune Responses by Hampering Th1 Response

(2016) Mohd Khubaib et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Suppression of autophagy and antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS47

(2016) Neeraj K. Saini et al.   Nature Microbiology

PE_PGRS33 Contributes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Entry in Macrophages through Interaction with TLR2

(2016) Ivana Palucci et al.   PLoS One

Evaluation of the use of recombinant proteins of Mycobacterium bovis as antigens in intradermal tests for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

(2015) ESP Melo et al.   ARCHIVOS DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA

Cloning and characterization of a novel PE_PGRS60 protein (Rv3652) ofMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv exhibit fibronectin-binding property

(2015) Laxman S. Meena et al.   BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY

TheMycobacterium tuberculosisprotein pair PE9 (Rv1088)-PE10 (Rv1089) forms heterodimers and induces macrophage apoptosis through Toll-like receptor 4

(2015) Bhavana Tiwari et al.   CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE68-Specific HLA-A*0201-Restricted Epitopes for Tuberculosis Diagnosis

(2015) Zhi-liang Duan et al.   CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY

Release of mycobacterial antigens

(2015) Laleh Majlessi et al.   IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resists Stress by Regulating PE19 Expression

(2015) Pavithra Ramakrishnan et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

PPE57 induces activation of macrophages and drives Th1-type immune responses through TLR2

(2015) Ying Xu et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE25/PPE41 protein complex induces activation and maturation of dendritic cells and drives Th2-biased immune responses

(2015) Wei Chen et al.   MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Polymorphisms in the PE35 and PPE68 antigens in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains may affect strain virulence and reflect ongoing immune evasion

(2015) YI JIANG et al.   Molecular Medicine Reports

Phylogeny to function: PE/PPE protein evolution and impact onMycobacterium tuberculosispathogenicity

(2015) S. Fishbein et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

PPE26 induces TLR2-dependent activation of macrophages and drives Th1-type T-cell immunity by triggering the cross-talk of multiple pathways involved in the host response

(2015) Haibo Su et al.   Oncotarget

Mycobacterium TuberculosisPPE Family Protein Rv1808 Manipulates Cytokines Profile via Co-Activation of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

(2014) Wanyan Deng et al.   CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

An immunomodulatory role for theMycobacterium tuberculosisregion of difference 1 locus proteins PE35 (Rv3872) and PPE68 (Rv3873)

(2014) Bhavana Tiwari et al.   FEBS Journal

Structure of theMycobacterium tuberculosistype VII secretion system chaperone EspG5in complex with PE25-PPE41 dimer

(2014) Natalia Korotkova et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Self-consumption: the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis

(2014) Guillermo Mariño et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Structure of a PE-PPE-EspG complex from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals molecular specificity of ESX protein secretion

(2014) D. C. Ekiert et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Host Cell Death Pathways

(2014) L. Srinivasan et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE25/PPE41 protein complex induces necrosis in macrophages: Role in virulence and disease reactivation?

(2014) Smanla Tundup et al.   FEBS Open Bio

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE protein Rv0256c induces strong B cell response in tuberculosis patients

(2013) Philip Raj Abraham et al.   INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

Putative roles of a proline–glutamic acid-rich protein (PE3) in intracellular survival and as a candidate for subunit vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(2013) Susmita K. Singh et al.   MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Mycobacterium tuberculosis EspB binds phospholipids and mediates EsxA-independent virulence

(2013) Jeffrey M. Chen et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Functional dissection of protein domains involved in the immunomodulatory properties of PE_PGRS33 ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

(2013) Antonella Zumbo et al.   Pathogens and Disease

Comparative analysis of mycobacterium and related actinomycetes yields insight into the evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis

(2012) Abigail McGuire et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Strong Immunogenicity and Cross-Reactivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-5 Type VII Secretion -Encoded PE-PPE Proteins Predicts Vaccine Potential

(2012) Fadel Sayes et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Identification of theMycobacterium tuberculosisprotein PE-PGRS62 as a novel effector that functions to block phagosome maturation and inhibit iNOS expression

(2012) Emily P. Thi et al.   CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Disruption of the ESX-5 system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes loss of PPE protein secretion, reduction of cell wall integrity and strong attenuation

(2012) Daria Bottai et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Conserved Immune Recognition Hierarchy of Mycobacterial PE/PPE Proteins during Infection in Natural Hosts

(2012) H. Martin Vordermeier et al.   PLoS One

General secretion signal for the mycobacterial type VII secretion pathway

(2012) M. H. Daleke et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Phagolysosome maturation of macrophages was reduced by PE_PGRS 62 protein expressing in Mycobacterium smegmatis and induced in IFN-γ priming

(2012) Ying Huang et al.   VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY

The PE/PPE multigene family codes for virulence factors and is a possible source of mycobacterial antigenic variation: Perhaps more?

(2011) Yusuf Akhter et al.   BIOCHIMIE

PE_PGRS30 is required for the full virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(2011) Raffaella Iantomasi et al.   CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY

PPE38 Modulates the Innate Immune Response and Is Required for Mycobacterium marinum Virulence

(2011) Dandan Dong et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

The PPE18 Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibits NF- B/rel-Mediated Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Upregulating and Phosphorylating Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein

(2011) S. Nair et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Expression of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE37 protein in Mycobacterium smegmatis induces low tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 production in murine macrophages

(2011) S. Daim et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Virulence-related Mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis MAV_2928 gene is associated with vacuole remodeling in macrophages

(2010) Samradhni S Jha et al.   BMC MICROBIOLOGY

PE_PGRS Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induce Maturation and Activation of Human Dendritic Cells

(2010) K. Bansal et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Evasion of innate immunity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: is death an exit strategy?

(2010) Samuel M. Behar et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-3 Conditional Mutant: Essentiality and Rescue by Iron and Zinc

(2009) A. Serafini et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

The PPE18 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interacts with TLR2 and Activates IL-10 Induction in Macrophage

(2009) S. Nair et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Novel recombinant RD2- and RD11-encoded Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens are potential candidates for diagnosis of tuberculosis infections in BCG-vaccinated individuals

(2009) Jiazhen Chen et al.   MICROBES AND INFECTION

Degradation-resistant protein domains limit host cell processing and immune detection of mycobacteria

(2009) Kah Wee Koh et al.   MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY

Mycobacterial Esx-3 is required for mycobactin-mediated iron acquisition

(2009) M. S. Siegrist et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Identifying Cognate Binding Pairs among a Large Set of Paralogs: The Case of PE/PPE Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(2008) Robert Riley et al.   PLoS Computational Biology