The lysosome: A potential juncture between SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity and Niemann‐Pick disease type C, with therapeutic implications

Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro

(2020) Manli Wang et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Can we contain the COVID-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS?

(2020) Annelies Wilder-Smith et al.   LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Coronavirus puts drug repurposing on the fast track

(2020) Charlotte Harrison   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

(2020) Guangdi Li et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

(2020) Na Zhu et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection

(2020) Emmie de Wit et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies

(2020) Syed Faraz Ahmed et al.   Viruses-Basel

Structural basis for itraconazole-mediated NPC1 inhibition

(2020) Tao Long et al.   Nature Communications

Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses

(2020) Michael Letko et al.   Nature Microbiology

In Vivo Antiviral Effects of U18666A Against Type I Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus

(2020) Tomoyoshi Doki et al.   Pathogens

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

Repurposing of clinically approved drugs for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2019-novel coronavirus-related coronavirus model

(2020) Hua-Hao Fan et al.   CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL

Teicoplanin: an alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19?

(2020) Sophie Alexandra Baron et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial

(2020) Philippe Gautret et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies

(2020) Jianjun Gao et al.   BioScience Trends

Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV

(2020) Xiuyuan Ou et al.   Nature Communications

A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19

(2020) Andrea Cortegiani et al.   JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE

Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis

(2019) Niels C Pedersen et al.   JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY

Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase negatively regulates porcine intestinal coronavirus replication by the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol

(2019) Yunhang Zhang et al.   VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY

Mechanism of Inhibition of Ebola Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Remdesivir

(2019) Egor Tchesnokov et al.   Viruses-Basel

Chloroquine inhibits autophagic flux by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion

(2018) Mario Mauthe et al.   Autophagy

N-glycome of the Lysosomal Glycocalyx is Altered in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease (NPC) Model Cells

(2018) Marko Kosicek et al.   MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS

Wild-type human coronaviruses prefer cell-surface TMPRSS2 to endosomal cathepsins for cell entry

(2018) Kazuya Shirato et al.   VIROLOGY

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of a novel series of fused 1,2,3-triazoles as potential anti-coronavirus agents

(2018) Konstantina Karypidou et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS

Lysosomal proteases are a determinant of coronavirus tropism

(2018) Yuan Zheng et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

The Oxysterol 7-Ketocholesterol Reduces Zika Virus Titers in Vero Cells and Human Neurons

(2018) Katherine Willard et al.   Viruses-Basel

Effects of cholesterol transport inhibitor U18666A on APP metabolism in rat primary astrocytes

(2017) Hongyan Yang et al.   GLIA

25-Hydroxycholesterol Protects Host against Zika Virus Infection and Its Associated Microcephaly in a Mouse Model

(2017) Chunfeng Li et al.   IMMUNITY

Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Channel Mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) by Lysosomal Adenosine Involved in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases

(2017) Xi Zoë Zhong et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Different residues in the SARS-CoV spike protein determine cleavage and activation by the host cell protease TMPRSS2

(2017) Lennart Michel Reinke et al.   PLoS One

Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses

(2017) Timothy P. Sheahan et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Antiviral activity of recombinant porcine surfactant protein A against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro

(2016) Lan Li et al.   ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY

Lysosomal Disorders Drive Susceptibility to Tuberculosis by Compromising Macrophage Migration

(2016) Russell D. Berg et al.   CELL

Genetic and pharmacological evidence implicates cathepsins in Niemann-Pick C cerebellar degeneration

(2016) Chan Chung et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Glycopeptide Antibiotics Potently Inhibit Cathepsin L in the Late Endosome/Lysosome and Block the Entry of Ebola Virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

(2016) Nan Zhou et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys

(2016) Travis K. Warren et al.   NATURE

Triazoles inhibit cholesterol export from lysosomes by binding to NPC1

(2016) Michael N. Trinh et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Lysosomal Re-acidification Prevents Lysosphingolipid-Induced Lysosomal Impairment and Cellular Toxicity

(2016) Christopher J. Folts et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

Loss of Cathepsin B and L Leads to Lysosomal Dysfunction, NPC-Like Cholesterol Sequestration and Accumulation of the Key Alzheimer's Proteins

(2016) Stjepko Cermak et al.   PLoS One

Ebola Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Display Late Cell Entry Kinetics: Evidence that Transport to NPC1+Endolysosomes Is a Rate-Defining Step

(2015) Rebecca M. Mingo et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Evaluation of SSYA10-001 as a Replication Inhibitor of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Mouse Hepatitis, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses

(2014) Adeyemi O. Adedeji et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

High sphingomyelin levels induce lysosomal damage and autophagy dysfunction in Niemann Pick disease type A

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One man's poison is another man's meat: Using azithromycin-induced phospholipidosis to promote ocular surface health

(2014) Yang Liu et al.   TOXICOLOGY

Endosomal acidification and cathepsin L activity is required for calicivirus replication

(2014) Vinay Shivanna et al.   VIROLOGY

Caveolin-1 is required for TGF- β -induced transactivation of the EGF receptor pathway in hepatocytes through the activation of the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM17

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Interferon-Inducible Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication via Distinct Mechanisms

(2014) Yongzhi Chen et al.   Scientific Reports

Inhibition of pathogenic non-enveloped viruses by 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol

(2014) Andrea Civra et al.   Scientific Reports

The Stimulation of Adenosine A2A Receptors Ameliorates the Pathological Phenotype of Fibroblasts from Niemann-Pick Type C Patients

(2013) S. Visentin et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

TMPRSS2 Activates the Human Coronavirus 229E for Cathepsin-Independent Host Cell Entry and Is Expressed in Viral Target Cells in the Respiratory Epithelium

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TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 Cleave ACE2 Differentially and Only Proteolysis by TMPRSS2 Augments Entry Driven by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein

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Glucosylceramide modulates endolysosomal pH in Gaucher disease

(2013) Dan J. Sillence   MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM

Pulmonary Abnormalities in Animal Models Due to Niemann-Pick Type C1 (NPC1) or C2 (NPC2) Disease

(2013) Blair R. Roszell et al.   PLoS One

The Contribution of Lysosomotropism to Autophagy Perturbation

(2013) Roshan Ashoor et al.   PLoS One

Effect of Azithromycin on Lipid Accumulation in Immortalized Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells

(2013) Yang Liu et al.   JAMA Ophthalmology

Characterization of the Niemann-Pick C pathway in alveolar type II cells and lamellar bodies of the lung

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Impairment of lysosomal functions by azithromycin and chloroquine contributes to anti-inflammatory phenotype

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Impaired proteolysis underlies autophagic dysfunction in Niemann–Pick type C disease

(2012) Matthew J. Elrick et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Interferon-Inducible Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase Broadly Inhibits Viral Entry by Production of 25-Hydroxycholesterol

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Cytotoxic purine nucleoside analogues bind to A1, A2A, and A3 adenosine receptors

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Ready, Set, Fuse! The Coronavirus Spike Protein and Acquisition of Fusion Competence

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Azithromycin blocks autophagy and may predispose cystic fibrosis patients to mycobacterial infection

(2011) Maurizio Renna et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Ebola virus entry requires the cholesterol transporter Niemann–Pick C1

(2011) Jan E. Carette et al.   NATURE

Chloroquine treatment of ARPE-19 cells leads to lysosome dilation and intracellular lipid accumulation: possible implications of lysosomal dysfunction in macular degeneration

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Lysosomal fusion and SNARE function are impaired by cholesterol accumulation in lysosomal storage disorders

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Altered expression and distribution of cathepsins in neuronopathic forms of Gaucher disease and in other sphingolipidoses

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A Transmembrane Serine Protease Is Linked to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor and Activates Virus Entry

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Oxidative stress in Niemann–Pick disease, type C

(2010) Rao Fu et al.   MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM

A Small-Molecule Oxocarbazate Inhibitor of Human Cathepsin L Blocks Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Ebola Pseudotype Virus Infection into Human Embryonic Kidney 293T cells

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Revitalizing membrane rafts: new tools and insights

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Lipid Rafts As a Membrane-Organizing Principle

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Cholesterol Oxidation Products Are Sensitive and Specific Blood-Based Biomarkers for Niemann-Pick C1 Disease

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Improvement in Lipid and Protein Trafficking in Niemann-Pick C1 Cells by Correction of a Secondary Enzyme Defect

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Increased Activity and Altered Subcellular Distribution of Lysosomal Enzymes Determine Neuronal Vulnerability in Niemann-Pick Type C1-Deficient Mice

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SARS coronavirus entry into host cells through a novel clathrin- and caveolae-independent endocytic pathway

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Cellular pharmacokinetics of telavancin, a novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, and analysis of lysosomal changes in cultured eukaryotic cells (J774 mouse macrophages and rat embryonic fibroblasts)

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Cathepsin L Functionally Cleaves the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Class I Fusion Protein Upstream of Rather than Adjacent to the Fusion Peptide

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Niemann-Pick disease type C1 is a sphingosine storage disease that causes deregulation of lysosomal calcium

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Role for lysosomal enzyme -hexosaminidase in the control of mycobacteria infection

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Importance of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains in the interaction of the S protein of SARS-coronavirus with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

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