Article
Horticulture
Hayri Ustun, Qasid Ali, Mehmet Seckin Kurubas, Adem Dogan, Mujtaba Balkhi, Bunyamin Peker, Mustafa Erkan
Summary: Low dose UV-C can maintain the quality of green beans and preserve their edibility for 25 days. Medium and high doses of UV-C treatment also have positive effects on maintaining the quality of green beans, although they may cause surface damage in the initial 15 days of storage.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yaqi Zhao, Jinhua Zuo, Shuzhi Yuan, Wenlin Shi, Junyan Shi, Bihong Feng, Qing Wang
Summary: The study demonstrated that the 1.5 kJ/m(2) UV-C treatment was effective in maintaining the firmness, respiration rate, and ethylene production of pepino fruit after harvest. Additionally, it was found that the UV-C treatment preserved the nutritional content and antioxidant enzyme activity, while promoting the synthesis of various volatile compounds that contribute to the flavor of the fruit.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yage Xing, Shuang Yang, Qinglian Xu, Lin Xu, Dan Zhu, Xuanlin Li, Yuru Shui, Xiaocui Liu, Xiufang Bi
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of chitosan/nano-TiO2 composite coating on blueberry fruit quality, showing that it effectively slowed down the decrease in firmness, VC, and TA, and delayed changes in total polyphenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoid contents.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Magali Darre, Ariel Roberto Vicente, Luis Cisneros-Zevallos, Francisco Artes-Hernandez
Summary: UV radiation induces positive effects in plant physiology through the elicitation of secondary antioxidant metabolites and natural defenses. It has been successfully applied for different purposes including raw material selection, disease control, nutraceutical compound induction, ripening modulation, and cross-stress tolerance. UV treatments have shown to induce the accumulation of bioactive compounds as a defense mechanism. However, issues such as optimizing operational conditions, reducing treatment times, and ensuring even radiation exposure still need to be addressed.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sarah Bollanti, Paolo Di Lazzaro, Francesco Flora, Gian Piero Gallerano, Luca Mezi, Daniele Murra, Massimo Aquilini
Summary: This article presents the electrical and optical design, assembling, and thorough experimental characterization of two compact arrays of short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-C) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) suitable for near-field irradiation. Effective thermal management has been achieved, allowing long-lasting irradiations without deterioration of UV-C emission. These compact UV-C LED arrays have been successfully used for long lasting irradiation tests to enhance the resistance of plants and fruits to pathogen attacks, and their implementation on robotic systems could potentially reduce pesticide use in agricultural crops.
Article
Agronomy
Alvaro Benitez, Jessica Iglesias-Moya, Maria Segura, Fatima Carvajal, Francisco Palma, Dolores Garrido, Cecilia Martinez, Manuel Jamilena
Summary: An RNAseq analysis was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in ABA-induced postharvest cold tolerance in immature zucchini fruit. Results revealed the significance of certain metabolic and signaling pathways, as well as the role of transcription factors and genes involved in oxidative stress response and membrane and cell wall metabolism. ABA was found to regulate genes responsible for reducing oxidative stress damage, inducing cuticular wax biosynthesis, and repressing lignin biosynthesis.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Wanli Zhang, Yonggui Pan, Yueming Jiang, Zhengke Zhang
Summary: This study summarizes the application of gas fumigation technology in postharvest fruit quality management and the related biochemical mechanisms. Gas fumigants, such as SO2, ClO2, ozone, NO, CO, 1-MCP, essential oils, H2S, and ethanol, have been found to effectively improve postharvest fruit quality by delaying senescence, inhibiting browning, controlling disease, and alleviating chilling injury. Gas preservatives play multiple roles in postharvest fruit quality control, including antifungal agent, anti-browning agent, redox agent, ethylene inhibitors, elicitor, and pesticide remover. Recent developments in slow-release gas fumigation treatments suggest potential for improved performance. However, some gas fumigants may have side effects on the fruit, which needs to be addressed with combined treatments.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Keyan Zhao, Hongmiao Song, Zhiqiang Wang, Zengting Xing, Jixin Tian, Qing Wang, Lanhuan Meng, Xiangbin Xu
Summary: The function of Sly-miR164a in improving postharvest chilling tolerance of tomato fruit was investigated. The results showed that overexpression of Sly-miR164a promoted postharvest chilling injury, while knockdown of Sly-miR164a reduced chilling injury and enhanced fruit firmness. The study provides valuable information for genetically modifying miR164a and controlling postharvest chilling injury in fruit.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Tong Chen, Dongchao Ji, Zhanquan Zhang, Boqiang Li, Guozheng Qin, Shiping Tian
Summary: Fresh fruits are valued for their delicious flavors and abundant nutrients. Efficient regulation of fruit senescence and pathogen resistance is crucial for maintaining fruit quality and controlling postharvest pathogens in the fruit industry.
Review
Horticulture
Maria Michela Salvatore, Rosario Nicoletti, Anna Andolfi
Summary: Citrus essential oils are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetical, and chemical industries. They play a crucial role in the quality of citrus fruits by providing natural protection against postharvest deteriorations. Various factors influence the assortment and accumulation of essential oils in citrus peels, which have implications for the postharvest quality of the fruit.
Article
Agronomy
Suhui Zheng, Ruiqiang Xu, Jia Wei, Jia Tian, Qing He, Fulin Zhang, Jiang Li, Bin Wu, Junfeng Guan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nitric oxide (NO) treatment on the postharvest quality and disease resistance of fragrant pear. The results showed that NO treatment inhibited the deterioration of pear quality, reduced ethylene release rates, and increased the contents of key nutrients. Additionally, NO treatment reduced disease damage and activated the activity of resistance enzymes in infected pears.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ashti Hosseini, Mahmoud Koushesh Saba, Christopher B. Watkins
Summary: Postharvest waste due to decay of fruits and vegetables negatively affects food security, while control of decay and waste can be limited because of concerns about synthetic chemicals. The use of antagonistic microorganisms is a promising alternative approach that is environmentally friendly. Understanding the interactions between antagonists and the fruit microbiome will enable the discovery of new methods to reduce postharvest waste.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Alejandro Castro-Cegri, Fatima Carvajal, Sonia Osorio, Manuel Jamilena, Dolores Garrido, Francisco Palma
Summary: ABA plays a crucial role in regulating stress responses and cold tolerance in zucchini fruit. Metabolomic analysis revealed that ABA modulates primary metabolism, leading to the accumulation of sugars, organic acids, and amino acids associated with low-temperature tolerance. ABA treatment also induces the biosynthesis of t-zeatin and riboflavin, which may serve as important signals for ABA-mediated cold response in zucchini fruit.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Bo Jiang, Xiangjun Fang, Daqi Fu, Weijie Wu, Yanchao Han, Hangjun Chen, Ruiling Liu, Haiyan Gao
Summary: Exogenous salicylic acid can improve the quality of blueberries during cold storage by regulating key genes and enzymes involved in organic acid metabolism, thereby maintaining freshness and reducing economic losses.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Juan Wang, Yandan Xu, Wenbo Zhang, Yu Zheng, Bing Yuan, Qian Li, Ping Leng
Summary: The study verified that tomato SIPP2CS acts as a negative regulator in ABA signaling during fruit development. SIPP2C5 interacts with ABA receptors and kinases to regulate fruit development, maturation, and quality parameters. Overexpression or suppression of SIPP2C5 alters plant sensitivity to ABA and affects fruit ripening time.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Fatima-ezzahra Ettoumi, Ruyuan Zhang, Tarun Belwal, Miral Javed, Yanqun Xu, Li Li, Lv Weide, Zisheng Luo
Summary: This study utilized nanobubbles as a green method to assist ionic liquid in extracting polyphenols from Carya cathayensis Sarg. husk. The IL-NBs extract showed higher antioxidant activity and polyphenol yields compared to common solutions, with nanobubbles causing morphological destruction of the husk powder. It revealed a more efficient polyphenol extraction method based on green nanotechnology.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xizhe Fu, Tarun Belwal, Yihan He, Yanqun Xu, Li Li, Zisheng Luo
Summary: NADES, as a green alternative to traditional organic solvents, has been increasingly studied for the extraction of bioactive compounds. In this study, phytochemicals in Carya cathayensis Sarg. peels were extracted using Choline chloride-Malic acid, with 29 compounds identified. The extract exhibited high phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and inhibition activities against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. The extraction efficiency of ChCl-MA was attributed to larger solvent accessible surface area, more hydrogen bonds, longer lifetime of hydrogen bonds, and lower intermolecular interaction energy.
Article
Agronomy
Lei Wang, Mingyi Yang, Yingying Dong, Russel J. Reiter, Yanqun Xu, Xingyu Lin, Zisheng Luo, Li Li
Summary: The study demonstrated the significant impact of melatonin on postharvest Vitis vinifera berry quality and polyamine metabolism, showing delayed abscission and rot, and enhanced cell tolerance to oxidative stress. The application of melatonin led to the upregulation of proteins related to polyamine metabolism pathways and increased contents of arginine, proline, 4-aminobutanoic acid, and polyamines, contributing to oxidative stress response.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Sunan Gao, Mingyi Yang, Zisheng Luo, Zhaojun Ban, Ya Pan, Mengyun Tu, Quan Ma, Xingyu Lin, Yanqun Xu, Li Li
Summary: This study constructed soy protein/chitosan-based microsphere as a stable vehicle for oleanolic acid under acidic conditions, demonstrating improved quality maintenance for minimally processed products. The encapsulated OA showed enhanced stability, smaller particle size, liquid-state behavior, as well as increased antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The findings suggest a promising biocompatible delivery system for plant-derived bioactive substances.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ming Qi, Zisheng Luo, Bin Wu, Lei Wang, Mingyi Yang, Xiaochen Zhang, Xingyu Lin, Yanqun Xu, Xihong Li, Li Li
Summary: This study examined the spatial distribution and time-course evolution of polyphenol compounds in grape berry during ripening. The results showed that polyphenol biosynthesis mainly occurred in seeds, and polyphenols were primarily distributed in the bottom berries of grape clusters. Lower temperature accelerated polyphenol biosynthesis, while light exposure slightly inhibited it during storage.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Lei Wang, Zisheng Luo, Mingyi Yang, Ze Liang, Ming Qi, Yingying Dong, Yanqun Xu, Xingyu Lin, Li Li
Summary: In this study, it was found that red-light irradiation can promote the red coloration and increase the pelargonidin-based anthocyanins in postharvest strawberries. It was also discovered that red light can regulate the accumulation of pelargonidin-based anthocyanins through the ABA-related pathway.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Miral Javed, Tarun Belwal, Hao Huang, Yanqun Xu, Fatima-ezzahra Ettoumi, Li Li, Xuezhi Fang, Zisheng Luo
Summary: This study investigated the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Camellia oleifera shells using biosurfactant-stabilized CO2-NBs and demonstrated its high efficiency. The study provides an innovative approach for the comprehensive utilization of waste agricultural products.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lei Wang, Dong Li, Yaoting Xue, Siyang Li, Xuxu Yang, Li Li, Tiefeng Li, Zisheng Luo
Summary: This study presents a method of using porous hydrogel packaging to maintain the quality of fresh strawberries. The hydrogels have excellent energy dissipation and insulation properties, which can effectively reduce the damage to strawberries during transportation and storage, and improve their quality.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Asem Mahmoud Abdelshafy, Qiannan Hu, Zisheng Luo, Zhaojun Ban, Li Li
Summary: This review discusses strategies for improving the disinfecting action of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the food industry, including combining H2O2 with other chemical disinfectants or disinfection techniques. The study found that combining H2O2 with other disinfectants enhances its antimicrobial activity and provides a promising disinfection strategy in the food industry.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Quan Ma, Xinwei Wu, Zisheng Luo, Zhiwei Ge, Dong Li, Di Wu, Xiaochen Zhang, Yanpei Chen, Li Li, Yanqun Xu
Summary: Lipidomics was used to study the lipid-associated bioprocesses in strawberry-gray mold interaction, revealing the molecular mechanism of lipidic metabolism and discovering potential biomarkers. The analysis identified 35 differentially expressed lipids and 67 potential biomarkers for strawberry gray mold. In addition, pathways such as glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and autophagy were found to be associated with the expression of related genes. This study provides molecular evidence for the significance of lipidic compounds in postharvest strawberries and facilitates early detection and treatment of gray mold.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Qiannan Hu, Caitian Tang, Xinyu Zhou, Xiangzheng Yang, Zisheng Luo, Lei Wang, Mingyi Yang, Dong Li, Li Li
Summary: The potato is a globally important food crop, but due to food safety concerns, there is significant waste. Potato dormancy is influenced by various factors, and traditional and novel techniques have been developed to detect and address dormancy. Carbohydrate metabolism and phytohormone regulation play a role in potato dormancy, and further research is needed to develop novel approaches to prevent post-harvest germination of potatoes.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Haishan Xu, Qi Quan, Xia Chang, Shuai Ge, Saiqing Xu, Rongrong Wang, Yanqun Xu, Zisheng Luo, Yang Shan, Shenghua Ding
Summary: This study aimed to develop a multifunctional active packaging film for fruit preservation by incorporating chitosan-ferulic acid-titanium dioxide nanohybrid particles (CFT NPs) into gelatin (Gel) film. The addition of CFT NPs significantly enhanced the mechanical and barrier properties, UV shielding ability, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial ability of the composite film. Particularly, CFT0.40-Gel film demonstrated excellent preservation ability for strawberries and bananas. This work provides a feasible strategy for designing multifunctional active food packaging.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Dong Li, Li Li, Wenxuan Li, Yanqun Xu, Xueyuan Han, Nina Bao, Zhanwu Sheng, Yaya Yuan, Xingtao Zhang, Zisheng Luo
Summary: The over-accumulation of anaerobic metabolites in winter jujube fruit after harvest is a typical characteristic of postharvest senescence. In this study, elevated O2 concentration was applied during cold storage to investigate its regulation on anaerobic respiration. The results showed that 60% O2 concentration was the optimal concentration to inhibit anaerobic respiration, leading to significant reduction in acetaldehyde and ethanol content compared to the control group. Elevated O2 concentration maintained energy status by activating succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase, resulting in higher energy charge compared to the control. Moreover, activated aerobic respiration also accelerated the consumption of pyruvic acid, leading to reduced pyruvic acid content in the elevated O2-treated fruit. These findings suggest that elevated O2 concentration represses anaerobic metabolism by regulating pyruvic acid level and energy metabolism.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yuanfeng Wu, Yucui Gong, Juan Sun, Yao Zhang, Zisheng Luo, Sabir Z. Nishanbaev, Durbek Usmanov, Xinjie Song, Ligen Zou, Maria Jose Benito
Summary: This paper reviews the current state of research on the natural active components and biological activities of saffron byproducts, aiming to provide a theoretical and scientific foundation for their further utilization.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Saiqing Xu, Zemin Ding, Xia Chang, Haishan Xu, Shuai Ge, Ying Xie, Yanqun Xu, Zisheng Luo, Yang Shan, Shenghua Ding
Summary: Adding physiological fruit drop extracts of Citrus aurantium L. var Daidai into pullulan/bacterial cellulose packaging film improves the film's properties and effectively maintains the quality of strawberries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. Graca Dias, Elsa Vasco, Francisco Ravasco, Lufsa Oliveira
Summary: This study estimated the vitamin D intake of "adults" and "elderly" populations in Portugal using the TDS methodology. The results showed that the majority of people had inadequate vitamin D intake, well below the Dietary Reference Values.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanan Wang, Jiachen Shi, Yong-Jiang Xu, Chin-Ping Tan, Yuanfa Liu
Summary: This study investigates the variations in lipid digestion profiles among individuals of different ages using in vitro digestion models. The findings suggest that adults have a more comprehensive lipid digestion compared to infants, and infants tend to release shorter chain length and more saturated free fatty acids during digestion. Additionally, the particle sizes in the stomach of the elderly were consistently larger. This study enhances our understanding of how lipids with different degrees of unsaturation undergo digestion in diverse age groups.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hyunjong Yu, Huisu Kim, Pahn-Shick Chang
Summary: Chitosan-pectin emulsion-filled hydrogel (EFH) was developed to enhance the bioaccessibility of lipophilic bioactive compounds through intestinal delivery. The EFH, prepared without crosslinking agents, demonstrated improved mechanical strength and compactness with higher pectin concentration. It retained the emulsion at pH 2.0 and released it at pH 7.4, resulting in enhanced release of free fatty acids and improved bioaccessibility of curcumin.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tongze Zhang, Siqi Hong, Jia-Rong Zhang, Pin-He Liu, Siyi Li, Zixian Wen, Jianwei Xiao, Guirong Zhang, Olivier Habimana, Nagendra P. Shah, Zhongquan Sui, Harold Corke
Summary: Lactic acid fermentation significantly affects the morphology and physicochemical properties of proso millet starch, including the formation of surface indentations and small pores, decrease in gelatinization temperatures, and changes in hardness and adhesiveness.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Liqin Kong, Feng Hong, Peng Luan, Yiping Chen, Yaoze Feng, Ming Zhu
Summary: This study presents a novel impedance biosensor using composite nanomaterials and T1R1 as a signal probe, which can competitively and ultra-sensitively detect umami intensity. The biosensor exhibits exceptional analytical performance and is suitable for food flavor evaluation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Kunying Lv, Yixin Yang, Qilong Li, Ran Chen, Liang Deng, Yiwei Zhang, Ning Jiang
Summary: Horse's milk, with its high nutritional value and low allergenic proteins, could be a substitute for cow's milk in infant consumption. A proteomic method was used to identify and compare milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and whey proteins from different horse breeds. The study found differences in protein composition and functionality, which could support the development of formulas more suitable for human infants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrique Jacobo Diaz-Montana, Helene Brignot, Ramon Aparicio-Ruiz, Thierry Thomas- Danguin, Maria Teresa Morales
Summary: Sensory perception of virgin olive oil is influenced by phenols and volatiles, which are affected by the composition of the oil and biological factors. This study investigated the effect of saliva and phenols on the release of volatiles, and found that the presence of phenols decreased the release of saturated volatiles.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wei Zhou, Rui Zhang, Zhen Cai, Fangfang Wu, Yong Hu, Chao Huang, Kun Hu, Yun Chen
Summary: Environmentally friendly and outstanding pH-responsive cationic starch nanoparticles (CSNP) were prepared from pH-sensitive starch. CSNP exhibited nanosize and regular sphere, highly free-flowing molecular chains, and demonstrated excellent pH responsiveness through multiple emulsion/demulsification transitions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Andrea Koo, Vinayak Ghate, Weibiao Zhou
Summary: This study suggests that direct seeding may negatively affect the nutritional quality of crops, causing a decrease in ascorbic acid, vitamin K, and total glucosinolate content.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tonghao Du, Yazhou Xu, Xiaoyan Xu, Shijin Xiong, Linli Zhang, Biao Dong, Jinqing Huang, Tao Huang, Muyan Xiao, Tao Xiong, Mingyong Xie
Summary: This study successfully improved the ACE inhibitory activity of black sesame seeds by fermenting them with Lactobacillus Plantarum NCU116 and hydrolyzing them using acid protease. The RF-PSO model was used to predict the ACE inhibitory activity during the hydrolysis process. Eight peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were identified from fermented black sesame seed hydrolysates after separation and screening.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yao Liu, Songyi Lin, Kexin Liu, Shan Wang, Qiaozhen Liu, Na Sun
Summary: This study analyzed the structural changes of shrimp proteins during digestion, predicted the immunodominant epitopes, and validated their allergenicity. The results showed that shrimp proteins were degraded into peptides during digestion, but still carried IgE epitopes that trigger allergic reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tiantian Fu, Hongwei Cao, Yu Zhang, Xiao Guan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of milling on the active components in rice, with a focus on the stability and bioaccessibility of phenols, VB1, and alpha-GABA during cooking and digestion. The findings show that milling exacerbates the instability of gamma-GABA during cooking and VB1 during digestion, and it affects the bioaccessibility of these active compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhihao Yang, Yanru Hou, Min Zhang, Puxin Hou, Chang Liu, Lu Dou, Xiaoyu Chen, Lihua Zhao, Lin Su, Ye Jin
Summary: This study investigated the molecular mechanism of feeding regimes on lamb flavor by using TMT labeling combined with MS. The results showed that pasture-fed groups had higher levels of amino acids and volatile flavor substances compared to concentrate-fed groups. Additionally, several differentially abundant proteins associated with lamb flavor were identified.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zixuan Xie, De Zhang, Junyu Zhu, Qianqian Luo, Jun Liu, Jingtao Zhou, Xiaoyong Wang, Yuqiong Chen, Zhi Yu, Dejiang Ni
Summary: This study investigated the acidification of aroma-enhanced black tea during storage. Analysis of non-volatile substances and organic acids using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPLC revealed a decrease in soluble sugars and amino acids, while an increase in organic acids such as oxalic acid, malic acid, and quinic acid. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that the acidification is a result of the decomposition of sugars and amino acids by heating, as well as the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes. Additionally, the study showed that the taste composition of tea infusion is altered, with reduced amino acids, catechins, soluble sugars, and flavonoids. This research provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of black tea.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lin Wang, Falai Ma, Zihan Li, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study developed time-temperature integrators based on amyloglucosidase@Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers for monitoring the freshness of chilled pork. The results showed that the integrators were highly reliable and accurate in predicting the quality of chilled pork.