Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies

Recirculating Intestinal IgA-Producing Cells Regulate Neuroinflammation via IL-10

(2019) Olga L. Rojas et al.   CELL

Association of Initial Disease-Modifying Therapy With Later Conversion to Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

(2019) J. William L. Brown et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Effect of Nonmyeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation vs Continued Disease-Modifying Therapy on Disease Progression in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

(2019) Richard K. Burt et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Association of Rituximab Treatment With Disability Progression Among Patients With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

(2019) Yvonne Naegelin et al.   JAMA Neurology

Pathogenic Mechanisms Associated With Different Clinical Courses of Multiple Sclerosis

(2019) Hans Lassmann   Frontiers in Immunology

β-Synuclein-reactive T cells induce autoimmune CNS grey matter degeneration

(2019) Dmitri Lodygin et al.   NATURE

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Enhance CNS Remyelination Independent of Estrogen Receptors

(2019) Kelsey A. Rankin et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Astrocytes in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Star-shaped cells illuminating the darkness of CNS autoimmunity

(2019) Wenjing Yi et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Efficacy and Safety of the Newer Multiple Sclerosis Drugs Approved Since 2010

(2018) Simon Faissner et al.   CNS DRUGS

Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study

(2018) Ludwig Kappos et al.   LANCET

Effect of natalizumab on disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ASCEND): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label extension

(2018) Raju Kapoor et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites

(2018) Veit Rothhammer et al.   NATURE

Multiple Sclerosis

(2018) Daniel S. Reich et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Oral Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis

(2018) Simon Faissner et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

IL17/IL17RA as a Novel Signaling Axis Driving Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutic Function in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

(2018) Mónica Kurte et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Initial Impairment and Recovery of Vision-Related Functioning in Participants With Acute Optic Neuritis From the RENEW Trial of Opicinumab

(2018) Jennifer Petrillo et al.   JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY

Phase 2 Trial of Ibudilast in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

(2018) Robert J. Fox et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Clemastine fumarate as a remyelinating therapy for multiple sclerosis (ReBUILD): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial

(2017) Ari J Green et al.   LANCET

Safety and efficacy of opicinumab in acute optic neuritis (RENEW): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

(2017) Diego Cadavid et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Effect of high-dose simvastatin on cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and health-related quality-of-life measures in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: secondary analyses from the MS-STAT randomised, placebo-controlled trial

(2017) Dennis Chan et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Unexpected additive effects of minocycline and hydroxychloroquine in models of multiple sclerosis: Prospective combination treatment for progressive disease?

(2017) Simon Faissner et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Targets of therapy in progressive MS

(2017) Hans Lassmann   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia

(2017) Shane A. Liddelow et al.   NATURE

Remyelination therapies: a new direction and challenge in multiple sclerosis

(2017) Jason R. Plemel et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Pregabalin enhances myelin repair and attenuates glial activation in lysolecithin-induced demyelination model of rat optic chiasm

(2017) Danyal Daneshdoust et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Wellness and the Role of Comorbidities in Multiple Sclerosis

(2017) Brandon P. Moss et al.   Neurotherapeutics

Ocrelizumab versus Placebo in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

(2017) Xavier Montalban et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Trial of Minocycline in a Clinically Isolated Syndrome of Multiple Sclerosis

(2017) Luanne M. Metz et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Systematic screening of generic drugs for progressive multiple sclerosis identifies clomipramine as a promising therapeutic

(2017) Simon Faissner et al.   Nature Communications

Long-term Outcomes After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis

(2017) Paolo A. Muraro et al.   JAMA Neurology

Unexpected additive effects of minocycline and hydroxychloroquine in models of multiple sclerosis: Prospective combination treatment for progressive disease?

(2017) Simon Faissner et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Targets of therapy in progressive MS

(2017) Hans Lassmann   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Slow expansion of multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions: pathology and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging

(2016) Assunta Dal-Bianco et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Design, rationale, and baseline characteristics of the randomized double-blind phase II clinical trial of ibudilast in progressive multiple sclerosis

(2016) Robert J. Fox et al.   Contemporary Clinical Trials

Minocycline added to subcutaneous interferon β-1a in multiple sclerosis: randomized RECYCLINE study

(2016) P. S. Sørensen et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of Galectin-9 is increased in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

(2016) Joachim Burman et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Sustained TNF production by central nervous system infiltrating macrophages promotes progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2016) Alice Valentin-Torres et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Oral fingolimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (INFORMS): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

(2016) Fred Lublin et al.   LANCET

Phenytoin for neuroprotection in patients with acute optic neuritis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

(2016) Rhian Raftopoulos et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

MD1003 (high-dose biotin) for the treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

(2016) Ayman Tourbah et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

MS arising during Tocilizumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

(2016) Philippe Beauchemin et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

A polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist?

(2016) Richard M Ransohoff   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

MD1003 (high-dose biotin) for the treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

(2016) Ayman Tourbah et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

MS arising during Tocilizumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

(2016) Philippe Beauchemin et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Ongoing Oxidative Stress Causes Subclinical Neuronal Dysfunction in the Recovery Phase of EAE

(2016) Helena Radbruch et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Insufficient disease inhibition by intrathecal rituximab in progressive multiple sclerosis

(2016) Mika Komori et al.   Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

Antibodies produced by clonally expanded plasma cells in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid cause demyelination of spinal cord explants

(2015) Kevin Blauth et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Cerebrospinal fluid markers reveal intrathecal inflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis

(2015) Mika Komori et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Dynamic Changes of Microglia/Macrophage M1 and M2 Polarization in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis

(2015) Vanessa Herder et al.   BRAIN PATHOLOGY

Disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis - a review of approved medications

(2015) Ø. Torkildsen et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Prolactin in combination with interferon-β reduces disease severity in an animal model of multiple sclerosis

(2015) Simon Zhornitsky et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Astrocyte response to IFN-γ limits IL-6-mediated microglia activation and progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2015) Carine Savarin et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Deletion of Mitochondrial Anchoring Protects Dysmyelinating Shiverer: Implications for Progressive MS

(2015) D. C. Joshi et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Hydroxychloroquine reduces microglial activity and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2015) Marcus W. Koch et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Clinical trials in progressive multiple sclerosis: lessons learned and future perspectives

(2015) Daniel Ontaneda et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis

(2015) Don H Mahad et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Progressive multiple sclerosis exhibits decreasing glutamate and glutamine over two years

(2015) EL MacMillan et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Expression of iron homeostasis proteins in the spinal cord in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and their implications for iron accumulation

(2015) Juan G. Zarruk et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: A phase II trial

(2015) G. L. Mancardi et al.   NEUROLOGY

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in multiple sclerosis

(2015) Gregory J. Tranah et al.   NEUROLOGY

Proinflammatory GM-CSF–producing B cells in multiple sclerosis and B cell depletion therapy

(2015) Rui Li et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Assessment of bone marrow-derived Cellular Therapy in progressive Multiple Sclerosis (ACTiMuS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

(2015) Claire M. Rice et al.   Trials

Targeting Central Nervous System B Cells in Progression of Multiple Sclerosis

(2015) Mahboobeh Fereidan-Esfahani et al.   JAMA Neurology

Progressive multiple sclerosis exhibits decreasing glutamate and glutamine over two years

(2015) EL MacMillan et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

B Cells in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System: Trafficking and Contribution to CNS-Compartmentalized Inflammation

(2015) Laure Michel et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Simvastatin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting Th1/Th17 response and cellular infiltration

(2015) Daniel May de Oliveira et al.   INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY

Early netrin-1 expression impairs central nervous system remyelination

(2014) Vanja Tepavčević et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

NMDA-receptor antagonists block B-cell function but foster IL-10 production in BCR/CD40-activated B cells

(2014) Narasimhulu Simma et al.   Cell Communication and Signaling

Human CNS immune senescence and neurodegeneration

(2014) Wolfgang J Streit et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY

Effects of dextromethorphan on glial cell function: Proliferation, maturation, and protection from cytotoxic molecules

(2014) Robert P. Lisak et al.   GLIA

Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells

(2014) Jason M. Schenkel et al.   IMMUNITY

Astrocyte galectin-9 potentiates microglial TNF secretion

(2014) Andrew J Steelman et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Multiple sclerosis deep grey matter: the relation between demyelination, neurodegeneration, inflammation and iron

(2014) Lukas Haider et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Blockade Is Neuroprotective in Experimental Autoimmune Optic Neuritis

(2014) Kurt-Wolfram Sühs et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Effect of high-dose simvastatin on brain atrophy and disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-STAT): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

(2014) Jeremy Chataway et al.   LANCET

Atacicept in multiple sclerosis (ATAMS): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 trial

(2014) Ludwig Kappos et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Clinical improvement in a patient with neuromyelitis optica following therapy with the anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab

(2014) Manabu Araki et al.   Modern Rheumatology

Regulation of astrocyte activation by glycolipids drives chronic CNS inflammation

(2014) Lior Mayo et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Micropillar arrays as a high-throughput screening platform for therapeutics in multiple sclerosis

(2014) Feng Mei et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and axonal dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

(2014) Manuel A. Friese et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Iron in multiple sclerosis: roles in neurodegeneration and repair

(2014) Erin Stephenson et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Efficacy of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in neuromyelitis optica: A pilot study

(2014) M. Araki et al.   NEUROLOGY

TNF and Increased Intracellular Iron Alter Macrophage Polarization to a Detrimental M1 Phenotype in the Injured Spinal Cord

(2014) Antje Kroner et al.   NEURON

Pervasive Axonal Transport Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis Models

(2014) Catherine Diamante Sorbara et al.   NEURON

Targeting Innate Receptors with MIS416 Reshapes Th Responses and Suppresses CNS Disease in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

(2014) Madeleine White et al.   PLoS One

Modulation of Glutamate Transport and Receptor Binding by Glutamate Receptor Antagonists in EAE Rat Brain

(2014) Grzegorz Sulkowski et al.   PLoS One

Fumarate treatment in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: first results of a single-center observational study

(2014) Katrin Strassburger-Krogias et al.   Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

Iron and neurodegeneration in the multiple sclerosis brain

(2013) Simon Hametner et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Second generation S1P pathway modulators: Research strategies and clinical developments

(2013) Marc Bigaud et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS

Targeting ASIC1 in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: evidence of neuroprotection with amiloride

(2013) Tarunya Arun et al.   BRAIN

Sodium accumulation is associated with disability and a progressive course in multiple sclerosis

(2013) David Paling et al.   BRAIN

Fibronectin aggregation in multiple sclerosis lesions impairs remyelination

(2013) Josephine M. J. Stoffels et al.   BRAIN

Demyelinizing neurological disease after treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-inhibiting agents in a rheumatological outpatient clinic: description of six cases

(2013) Ali Theibich et al.   CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY

Effects of antagonists of glutamate receptors on pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain cortex of rats subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2013) Grzegorz Sulkowski et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

A regenerative approach to the treatment of multiple sclerosis

(2013) Vishal A. Deshmukh et al.   NATURE

M2 microglia and macrophages drive oligodendrocyte differentiation during CNS remyelination

(2013) Veronique E Miron et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Pathophysiology of the brain extracellular matrix: a new target for remyelination

(2013) Lorraine W. Lau et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Systemic Inflammation in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Involves Follicular T-Helper, Th17- and Activated B-Cells and Correlates with Progression

(2013) Jeppe Romme Christensen et al.   PLoS One

Increased Concentrations of Glutamate and Glutamine in Normal-Appearing White Matter of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Normal MR Imaging Brain Scans

(2013) Anders Tisell et al.   PLoS One

Clonally expanded mitochondrial DNA deletions within the choroid plexus in multiple sclerosis

(2012) Graham R. Campbell et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Meningeal inflammation plays a role in the pathology of primary progressive multiple sclerosis

(2012) Sung R. Choi et al.   BRAIN

Excitotoxicity: Bridge to various triggers in neurodegenerative disorders

(2012) Ankita Mehta et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

B-Cell Enrichment and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Inflammatory Cortical Lesions in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Roberta Magliozzi et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Iron Efflux from Astrocytes Plays a Role in Remyelination

(2012) K. Schulz et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label phase 2a proof-of-concept study

(2012) Peter Connick et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Oligodendroglia metabolically support axons and contribute to neurodegeneration

(2012) Youngjin Lee et al.   NATURE

Progressive multiple sclerosis: pathology and pathogenesis

(2012) Hans Lassmann et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Will the real multiple sclerosis please stand up?

(2012) Peter K. Stys et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Acid-sensing ion channel 1 is involved in both axonal injury and demyelination in multiple sclerosis and its animal model

(2011) Sandra Vergo et al.   BRAIN

Increased mitochondrial content in remyelinated axons: implications for multiple sclerosis

(2011) Jessica L. Zambonin et al.   BRAIN

Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway

(2011) Ralf A. Linker et al.   BRAIN

Oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis lesions

(2011) L. Haider et al.   BRAIN

Meningeal inflammation is widespread and linked to cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis

(2011) Owain W. Howell et al.   BRAIN

Simvastatin Inhibits IFN Regulatory Factor 4 Expression and Th17 Cell Differentiation in CD4+ T Cells Derived from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

(2011) X. Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

A reversible form of axon damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis

(2011) Ivana Nikić et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Low dose dextromethorphan attenuates moderate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting NOX2 and reducing peripheral immune cells infiltration in the spinal cord

(2011) Olga V. Chechneva et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Meningeal T cells associate with diffuse axonal loss in multiple sclerosis spinal cords

(2010) Géraldine Androdias et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Mitochondrial DNA deletions and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis

(2010) Graham R. Campbell et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

A Gradient of neuronal loss and meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis

(2010) Roberta Magliozzi et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Changes in B- and T-Lymphocyte and Chemokine Levels With Rituximab Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis

(2010) Laura Piccio et al.   ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY

Safety and Feasibility of Autologous Bone Marrow Cellular Therapy in Relapsing-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

(2010) C M Rice et al.   CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Demyelination Increases Axonal Stationary Mitochondrial Size and the Speed of Axonal Mitochondrial Transport

(2010) S. Kiryu-Seo et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Lamotrigine for neuroprotection in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial

(2010) Raju Kapoor et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Mitochondrial dysfunction: A potential link between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration?

(2010) Maarten E. Witte et al.   MITOCHONDRION

Myelination and support of axonal integrity by glia

(2010) Klaus-Armin Nave   NATURE

Allosteric inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor revealed by ibudilast

(2010) Y. Cho et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation

(2010) J. W. Choi et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial

(2009) Kathleen Hawker et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Mitochondrial changes within axons in multiple sclerosis

(2009) D. J. Mahad et al.   BRAIN

The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains

(2009) Josa M. Frischer et al.   BRAIN

Spontaneous relapsing-remitting EAE in the SJL/J mouse: MOG-reactive transgenic T cells recruit endogenous MOG-specific B cells

(2009) Bernadette Pöllinger et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Enhanced number and activity of mitochondria in multiple sclerosis lesions

(2009) Maarten E Witte et al.   JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Glatiramer acetate in combination with minocycline in patients with relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a Canadian, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

(2009) LM Metz et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Remyelination protects axons from demyelination-associated axon degeneration

(2008) K. A. Irvine et al.   BRAIN

Mitochondrial defects in acute multiple sclerosis lesions

(2008) Don Mahad et al.   BRAIN

Oligodendrocytes and myelination: The role of iron

(2008) Bozho Todorich et al.   GLIA

Mechanisms of action of disease-modifying agents and brain volume changes in multiple sclerosis

(2008) R. Zivadinov et al.   NEUROLOGY

Mechanisms of Disease: sodium channels and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis—current status

(2008) Stephen G Waxman   Nature clinical practice. Neurology