Review
Biology
Pablo Rozas, Eduardo Kessi-Perez, Claudio Martinez
Summary: Genetic modification of living organisms has played a significant role in the research and development of various applications. However, regulatory frameworks have struggled to keep pace with new technologies and safety concerns. The emergence of new genome editing techniques has further challenged these frameworks. This review discusses the definitions of genetically modified organisms, the evolving genome editing tools, and how regulatory frameworks have responded to these technologies, with a focus on agricultural crops. It also explores the use of genetically modified organisms in the food industry, biomedical applications, and climate change solutions.
BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuhong Zheng, Hassan Karimi-Maleh, Li Fu
Summary: This article interprets the application of electrochemical technology in the analysis and detection of transgenic products through bibliometrics. A total of 83 research articles spanning 2001 to 2021 were analyzed. The different stages in the development history of the subject and the contributions of countries and institutions to the topic were described. Different research directions on this topic were discussed through keyword co-occurrence analysis. The use of nanomaterials with excellent electrical conductivity allows for more sensitive detection of GM crops by electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, the most popular reports on the topic were interpreted using co-citation analysis. The future development of this topic was predicted based on the analysis results.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kaan Hurkan, Menekse Bulut
Summary: A DNA-based high resolution melting (HRM) assay was developed to accurately identify the animal species sources in milk and detect cross-adulteration. This method showed high specificity based on nucleotide variations and could detect adulteration down to 0.5% and 1% for certain species. It provides a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective tool for milk authentication.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Stuart Beattie
Summary: Compliance with GMO requirements for ATMPs in EU Member States varies significantly, leading to delays in clinical trials and making it difficult to conduct multicenter trials. The European Commission should consider simplifying regulations to improve access to gene therapies for European patients.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Michael Thompson
Summary: This paper provides a background for the recent discussion on normal and log-normal distributions in GMO analysis proficiency test results and clarifies common confusions. It covers basic principles, compares normally and log-normally distributed samples at various precisions, and discusses the determination of assigned values and scoring in proficiency tests to assist in deciding on a suitable dispersion model.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
A. Ahatovic, E. Al-Momani, K. Bajrovic, A. Durmic-Pasic
Summary: Since the commercialization of transgenic crops in 1996, the biotech crop planted area has continuously increased, with European consumers skeptical about transgenes. Continuous development and improvement of detection methods in food analytics is necessary, with real-time PCR methods showing clear advantages.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Law
Jennifer Kuzma
Summary: The article introduces a new framework for improving risk assessments of novel genetically engineered organisms (GEOs). It demonstrates the application of this framework using a genetically engineered mosquito as a case study.
REGULATION & GOVERNANCE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Monika Borkowska, Marta Burzynska, Dorota Piasecka-Kwiatkowska, Ewelina Celinska
Summary: In this study, various analysis methods were applied to different varieties of nectar honey to verify the feasibility of using qPCR-HRM as a rapid method for determining the authenticity of honey. The study found that the plastidial rbcL barcode was a better option for taxonomic differentiation using qPCR-HRM. The clustering results of heather honey were the most consistent.
Article
Food Science & Technology
M. S. Varunjikar, T. Bohn, M. Sanden, I. Belghit, J. Pineda-Pampliega, M. Palmblad, H. Broll, A. Braeuning, J. D. Rasinger
Summary: The present study used HR-MS and proteomics bioinformatics to compare GM crops with crops from different farming practices. The results showed significant differences in nutritional and elemental composition between GM, non-GM conventionally farmed, and organic soybeans. Proteomic analysis revealed overall similarity but distinct protein expression clusters for GM and organic samples. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted affected biochemical pathways and identified protein and peptide markers for differentiating conventionally and organically farmed soybeans, as well as detecting GM soy in food and feed samples.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yunjing Li, Fang Xiao, Chao Zhai, Xiaofei Li, Yuhua Wu, Hongfei Gao, Jun Li, Shanshan Zhai, Biao Liu, Gang Wu
Summary: In this study, the HPT gene sequence was cloned from soybean sprouts using a genome walking strategy, and qualitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR methods were established. These assays were able to effectively differentiate between infected plants and GM plants, demonstrating broad applicability for routine GMO testing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Paulien Adamse, Emilie Dagand, Karen Bohmert-Tatarev, Daniela Wahler, Manoela Miranda, Esther J. Kok, Joachim Bendiek
Summary: Various databases on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) exist with unique approaches and terminology. The GMO genetic element thesaurus (GMO-GET) has been developed to enable consistent information exchange and interoperability between different data systems. GMO-GET can also describe genetic elements altered in organisms obtained through current genome-editing techniques.
BMC BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jiapeng Li, Yixuan Wei, Jinchun Li, Ruixi Liu, Suigen Xu, Suyue Xiong, Ya Guo, Xiaoling Qiao, Shouwei Wang
Summary: An efficient and reliable duplex SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR method was developed for detecting beef adulteration, utilizing bovine specific and vertebrate universal primers to identify both bovine and non-bovine components. The method also semi-quantified the percentage of bovine DNA present in samples. The limit of detection was 1 pg for bovine DNA and varied for non-bovine DNA depending on the species.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Li Yao, Jianguo Xu, Jigui Cheng, Bangben Yao, Lei Zheng, Guodong Liu, Wei Chen
Summary: This study developed a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-integrated LFS platform for rapid screening of multiple genetically modified organism (GMO) components in soybean. The platform showed good linear correlations and high sensitivity for quantitative analysis of GMO components, providing a promising alternative for multiple screening of GMO identification in food.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Guillem Campmajo, Javier Saurina, Oscar Nunez
Summary: The study evaluated the metabolomic diversity of ten different nut types using non-targeted liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). A multi-class model with a classification accuracy of 100% was developed using LC-HRMS fingerprints and partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Discriminant compounds were selected based on variable importance in projection (VIP) scores obtained from specific nut type versus other samples models and were annotated/identified using HRMS data. Adulteration of almond-based products with hazelnut or peanut was successfully detected and quantified through a targeted LC-HRMS study using some of the identified markers and partial least squares (PLS) regression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chayapol Tungphatthong, Santhosh Kumar J. Urumarudappa, Supita Awachai, Thongchai Sooksawate, Suchada Sukrong
Summary: This study reveals that DNA barcoding coupled with HRM is an efficient tool with which to identify M. speciosa and M. speciosa-containing samples and ensure the safety and quality of traditional Thai herbal medicines.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Maria Kaltenbrunner, Rupert Hochegger, Margit Cichna-Markl
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Maria Kaltenbrunner, Rupert Hochegger, Margit Cichna-Markl
Article
Food Science & Technology
Maria Kaltenbrunner, Rupert Hochegger, Margit Cichna-Markl
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel M. Meier-Menches, Katja Zappe, Andrea Bileck, Dominique Kreutz, Ammar Tahir, Margit Cichna-Markl, Christopher Gerner
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Stefanie Dobrovolny, Marion Blaschitz, Thomas Weinmaier, Jan Pechatschek, Margit Cichna-Markl, Alexander Indra, Peter Hufnagl, Rupert Hochegger
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Kaltenbrunner, Walter Mayer, Kirsten Kerkhoff, Rita Epp, Hermann Rueggeberg, Rupert Hochegger, Margit Cichna-Markl
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Georg Pretsch, Nasim Sanadgol, Roman Smidak, Jana Lubec, Volker Korz, Harald Hoeger, Katja Zappe, Margit Cichna-Markl, Gert Lubec
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Samuel M. Meier-Menches, Benjamin Neuditschko, Katja Zappe, Martin Schaier, Marlene C. Gerner, Klaus G. Schmetterer, Giorgia Del Favero, Riccardo Bonsignore, Margit Cichna-Markl, Gunda Koellensperger, Angela Casini, Christopher Gerner
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Kaltenbrunner, Walter Mayer, Kirsten Kerkhoff, Rita Epp, Hermann Rueggeberg, Rupert Hochegger, Margit Cichna-Markl
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Review
Cell Biology
Katja Zappe, Margit Cichna-Markl
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kristina Gense, Verena Peterseil, Alma Licina, Martin Wagner, Margit Cichna-Markl, Stefanie Dobrovolny, Rupert Hochegger
Summary: The study introduces a DNA metabarcoding method for identifying bivalve species in foodstuffs, showing high accuracy in detecting both major and minor components. It is suitable for complex and processed foods, providing a useful tool for food authentication.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Barbara Druml, Steffen Uhlig, Kirsten Simon, Kirstin Frost, Karina Hettwer, Margit Cichna-Markl, Rupert Hochegger
Summary: A real-time PCR assay has been developed to identify and quantify roe deer in food products, aimed at detecting potential adulteration of game meat with cheaper alternatives. Interlaboratory ring trials across several EU Member States have shown the assay to be reliable and accurate for the detection and quantification of roe deer in raw meat samples. Performance characteristics such as amplification efficiency, LOD95%, repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy of quantitative results have been evaluated with satisfactory results, making this PCR assay a valuable tool for food authentication purposes.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Laura Preckel, Claudia Brunen-Nieweler, Gregoire Denay, Henning Petersen, Margit Cichna-Markl, Stefanie Dobrovolny, Rupert Hochegger
Summary: DNA metabarcoding is an effective method for routine analysis of mammalian and poultry species in food and pet food products, showing consistent results with PCR analysis. It is particularly suitable for detecting unexpected species and is a cost-effective alternative, especially for analyzing pet food products with high potential for adulteration.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Stefanie Dobrovolny, Steffen Uhlig, Kirstin Frost, Anja Schlierf, Kapil Nichani, Kirsten Simon, Margit Cichna-Markl, Rupert Hochegger
Summary: Meat species authentication in food is often conducted using genetic variation detection. DNA metabarcoding, a novel method that can simultaneously identify various species, shows great potential in the field and could be harmonized across EU Member States.
Editorial Material
Food Science & Technology
Margit Cichna-Markl, Isabel Mafra
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. Graca Dias, Elsa Vasco, Francisco Ravasco, Lufsa Oliveira
Summary: This study estimated the vitamin D intake of "adults" and "elderly" populations in Portugal using the TDS methodology. The results showed that the majority of people had inadequate vitamin D intake, well below the Dietary Reference Values.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanan Wang, Jiachen Shi, Yong-Jiang Xu, Chin-Ping Tan, Yuanfa Liu
Summary: This study investigates the variations in lipid digestion profiles among individuals of different ages using in vitro digestion models. The findings suggest that adults have a more comprehensive lipid digestion compared to infants, and infants tend to release shorter chain length and more saturated free fatty acids during digestion. Additionally, the particle sizes in the stomach of the elderly were consistently larger. This study enhances our understanding of how lipids with different degrees of unsaturation undergo digestion in diverse age groups.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hyunjong Yu, Huisu Kim, Pahn-Shick Chang
Summary: Chitosan-pectin emulsion-filled hydrogel (EFH) was developed to enhance the bioaccessibility of lipophilic bioactive compounds through intestinal delivery. The EFH, prepared without crosslinking agents, demonstrated improved mechanical strength and compactness with higher pectin concentration. It retained the emulsion at pH 2.0 and released it at pH 7.4, resulting in enhanced release of free fatty acids and improved bioaccessibility of curcumin.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tongze Zhang, Siqi Hong, Jia-Rong Zhang, Pin-He Liu, Siyi Li, Zixian Wen, Jianwei Xiao, Guirong Zhang, Olivier Habimana, Nagendra P. Shah, Zhongquan Sui, Harold Corke
Summary: Lactic acid fermentation significantly affects the morphology and physicochemical properties of proso millet starch, including the formation of surface indentations and small pores, decrease in gelatinization temperatures, and changes in hardness and adhesiveness.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Liqin Kong, Feng Hong, Peng Luan, Yiping Chen, Yaoze Feng, Ming Zhu
Summary: This study presents a novel impedance biosensor using composite nanomaterials and T1R1 as a signal probe, which can competitively and ultra-sensitively detect umami intensity. The biosensor exhibits exceptional analytical performance and is suitable for food flavor evaluation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Kunying Lv, Yixin Yang, Qilong Li, Ran Chen, Liang Deng, Yiwei Zhang, Ning Jiang
Summary: Horse's milk, with its high nutritional value and low allergenic proteins, could be a substitute for cow's milk in infant consumption. A proteomic method was used to identify and compare milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and whey proteins from different horse breeds. The study found differences in protein composition and functionality, which could support the development of formulas more suitable for human infants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrique Jacobo Diaz-Montana, Helene Brignot, Ramon Aparicio-Ruiz, Thierry Thomas- Danguin, Maria Teresa Morales
Summary: Sensory perception of virgin olive oil is influenced by phenols and volatiles, which are affected by the composition of the oil and biological factors. This study investigated the effect of saliva and phenols on the release of volatiles, and found that the presence of phenols decreased the release of saturated volatiles.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wei Zhou, Rui Zhang, Zhen Cai, Fangfang Wu, Yong Hu, Chao Huang, Kun Hu, Yun Chen
Summary: Environmentally friendly and outstanding pH-responsive cationic starch nanoparticles (CSNP) were prepared from pH-sensitive starch. CSNP exhibited nanosize and regular sphere, highly free-flowing molecular chains, and demonstrated excellent pH responsiveness through multiple emulsion/demulsification transitions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Andrea Koo, Vinayak Ghate, Weibiao Zhou
Summary: This study suggests that direct seeding may negatively affect the nutritional quality of crops, causing a decrease in ascorbic acid, vitamin K, and total glucosinolate content.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tonghao Du, Yazhou Xu, Xiaoyan Xu, Shijin Xiong, Linli Zhang, Biao Dong, Jinqing Huang, Tao Huang, Muyan Xiao, Tao Xiong, Mingyong Xie
Summary: This study successfully improved the ACE inhibitory activity of black sesame seeds by fermenting them with Lactobacillus Plantarum NCU116 and hydrolyzing them using acid protease. The RF-PSO model was used to predict the ACE inhibitory activity during the hydrolysis process. Eight peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were identified from fermented black sesame seed hydrolysates after separation and screening.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yao Liu, Songyi Lin, Kexin Liu, Shan Wang, Qiaozhen Liu, Na Sun
Summary: This study analyzed the structural changes of shrimp proteins during digestion, predicted the immunodominant epitopes, and validated their allergenicity. The results showed that shrimp proteins were degraded into peptides during digestion, but still carried IgE epitopes that trigger allergic reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tiantian Fu, Hongwei Cao, Yu Zhang, Xiao Guan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of milling on the active components in rice, with a focus on the stability and bioaccessibility of phenols, VB1, and alpha-GABA during cooking and digestion. The findings show that milling exacerbates the instability of gamma-GABA during cooking and VB1 during digestion, and it affects the bioaccessibility of these active compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhihao Yang, Yanru Hou, Min Zhang, Puxin Hou, Chang Liu, Lu Dou, Xiaoyu Chen, Lihua Zhao, Lin Su, Ye Jin
Summary: This study investigated the molecular mechanism of feeding regimes on lamb flavor by using TMT labeling combined with MS. The results showed that pasture-fed groups had higher levels of amino acids and volatile flavor substances compared to concentrate-fed groups. Additionally, several differentially abundant proteins associated with lamb flavor were identified.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zixuan Xie, De Zhang, Junyu Zhu, Qianqian Luo, Jun Liu, Jingtao Zhou, Xiaoyong Wang, Yuqiong Chen, Zhi Yu, Dejiang Ni
Summary: This study investigated the acidification of aroma-enhanced black tea during storage. Analysis of non-volatile substances and organic acids using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPLC revealed a decrease in soluble sugars and amino acids, while an increase in organic acids such as oxalic acid, malic acid, and quinic acid. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that the acidification is a result of the decomposition of sugars and amino acids by heating, as well as the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes. Additionally, the study showed that the taste composition of tea infusion is altered, with reduced amino acids, catechins, soluble sugars, and flavonoids. This research provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of black tea.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lin Wang, Falai Ma, Zihan Li, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study developed time-temperature integrators based on amyloglucosidase@Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers for monitoring the freshness of chilled pork. The results showed that the integrators were highly reliable and accurate in predicting the quality of chilled pork.
