Recent advances in the discovery and development of TLR ligands as novel therapeutics for chronic HBV and HIV infections

A Two-Dose Hepatitis B Vaccine for Adults (Heplisav-B)

(2018)   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Local Stimulation of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells with a NOD1 Agonist Activates T Cells and Suppresses Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Mice

(2018) Shunmei Huang et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Innate immunity related pathogen recognition receptors and chronic hepatitis B infection

(2017) Reza Nosratabadi et al.   MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY

Toll-like receptor 3 activation selectively reverses HIV latency in microglial cells

(2017) David Alvarez-Carbonell et al.   Retrovirology

Humoral and Cellular Responses to a Single Dose of Fendrix in Renal Transplant Recipients with Non-response to Previous Hepatitis B Vaccination

(2017) M. Lindemann et al.   SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Human innate responses and adjuvant activity of TLR ligands in vivo in mice reconstituted with a human immune system

(2017) Liang Cheng et al.   VACCINE

Combination therapy including CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and entecavir induces early viral response and enhanced inhibition of viral replication in a woodchuck model of chronic hepadnaviral infection

(2016) Zhongji Meng et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

MAPKAP kinase 2 regulates IL-10 expression and prevents formation of intrahepatic myeloid cell aggregates during cytomegalovirus infections

(2016) Christian Ehlting et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

The role of innate immunity in the immunopathology and treatment of HBV infection

(2016) Mala K. Maini et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Induction of humoral and cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine can be upregulated by CpG oligonucleotides complexed with Dectin-1 ligand

(2016) H. Ito et al.   JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS

Interferon Alpha Subtype-Specific Suppression of HIV-1 InfectionIn Vivo

(2016) Kerry J. Lavender et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

A Novel Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist, MGN1703, Enhances HIV-1 Transcription and NK Cell-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1-Infected Autologous CD4+T Cells

(2016) Rasmus Offersen et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

(2016) Jeffrey D Stanaway et al.   LANCET

TLR7/8 agonist induces a post-entry SAMHD1-independent block to HIV-1 infection of monocytes

(2016) Henning Hofmann et al.   Retrovirology

Fibronectin EDA and CpG synergize to enhance antigen-specific Th1 and cytotoxic responses

(2016) Ziad Julier et al.   VACCINE

Anti-viral role of toll like receptor 4 in hepatitis B virus infection: An in vitro study

(2016) Dipanwita Das et al.   WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY

A Subset of Latency-Reversing Agents Expose HIV-Infected Resting CD4+ T-Cells to Recognition by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes

(2016) R. Brad Jones et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Saturated Fatty Acid Inhibits Viral Replication in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Innate Immune Response

(2015) Rui-Nan Zhang et al.   Hepatitis Monthly

The RNA Sensor RIG-I Dually Functions as an Innate Sensor and Direct Antiviral Factor for Hepatitis B Virus

(2015) Seiichi Sato et al.   IMMUNITY

The oral toll-like receptor-7 agonist GS-9620 in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

(2015) Edward J. Gane et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Sustained efficacy and seroconversion with the Toll-like receptor 7 agonist GS-9620 in the Woodchuck model of chronic hepatitis B

(2015) Stephan Menne et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Early inhibition of hepatocyte innate responses by hepatitis B virus

(2015) Souphalone Luangsay et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Viral DNA-Dependent Induction of Innate Immune Response to Hepatitis B Virus in Immortalized Mouse Hepatocytes

(2015) Xiuji Cui et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013

(2015) Aparna Schweitzer et al.   LANCET

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antigen (HBcAg) combine CpG oligodeoxynucletides as a novel therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B infection

(2015) Jianqiang Li et al.   VACCINE

The TLR4 Agonist Fibronectin Extra Domain A is Cryptic, Exposed by Elastase-2; use in a fibrin matrix cancer vaccine

(2015) Ziad Julier et al.   Scientific Reports

Contribution of Toll-like receptors to the control of hepatitis B virus infection by initiating antiviral innate responses and promoting specific adaptive immune responses

(2014) Zhiyong Ma et al.   Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Hepatic Immune Regulation and Its Involvement in Viral Hepatitis Infection

(2014) Percy A. Knolle et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Poly(I:C) Treatment Leads to Interferon-Dependent Clearance of Hepatitis B Virus in a Hydrodynamic Injection Mouse Model

(2014) J. Wu et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

HIV infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention

(2014) Gary Maartens et al.   LANCET

The role of hepatic immune regulation in systemic immunity to viral infection

(2014) Percy A. Knolle et al.   MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Nonagonistic Dectin-1 ligand transforms CpG into a multitask nanoparticulate TLR9 agonist

(2014) K. Kobiyama et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

New therapeutic vaccination strategies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B

(2014) Jia Liu et al.   VIROLOGICA SINICA

Gardiquimod: A Toll-Like Receptor-7 Agonist That Inhibits HIV Type 1 Infection of Human Macrophages and Activated T Cells

(2013) Maarten Buitendijk et al.   AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES

Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Are Potent Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 Replication in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

(2013) Maarten Buitendijk et al.   AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES

BLT-humanized C57BL/6 Rag2-/- c-/-CD47-/- mice are resistant to GVHD and develop B- and T-cell immunity to HIV infection

(2013) K. J. Lavender et al.   BLOOD

GS-9620, an Oral Agonist of Toll-Like Receptor-7, Induces Prolonged Suppression of Hepatitis B Virus in Chronically Infected Chimpanzees

(2013) Robert E. Lanford et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Nanoparticles encapsulating hepatitis B virus cytosine-phosphate-guanosine induce therapeutic immunity against HBV infection

(2013) Shujuan Lv et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Therapeutic recovery of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatocyte-intrinsic immune defect reverses systemic adaptive immune tolerance

(2013) Peixiang Lan et al.   HEPATOLOGY

TLR1/2 Ligand-Stimulated Mouse Liver Endothelial Cells Secrete IL-12 and Trigger CD8+ T Cell Immunity In Vitro

(2013) J. Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Immune Activation and the Role of TLRs and TLR Agonists in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection in the Humanized Mouse Model

(2013) J. Judy Chang et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Intrahepatic myeloid-cell aggregates enable local proliferation of CD8+ T cells and successful immunotherapy against chronic viral liver infection

(2013) Li-Rung Huang et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Poly(I:C)/Alum Mixed Adjuvant Priming Enhances HBV Subunit Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Mice When Combined with Recombinant Adenoviral-Based HBV Vaccine Boosting

(2013) Xia Chuai et al.   PLoS One

Administration of a Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist Decreases the Proviral Reservoir in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Infected Patients

(2013) Anni A. Winckelmann et al.   PLoS One

Reactivation of latent HIV-1 in central memory CD4+ T cells through TLR-1/2 stimulation

(2013) Camille L Novis et al.   Retrovirology

Trial Watch

(2013) Erika Vacchelli et al.   OncoImmunology

Preclinical development of TLR ligands as drugs for the treatment of chronic viral infections

(2012) Xiaoyong Zhang et al.   Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

Role of Toll-like receptor 2 in the immune response against hepadnaviral infection

(2012) Xiaoyong Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

(2012) Rafael Lozano et al.   LANCET

Toll-Like Receptor 8 Ligands Activate a Vitamin D Mediated Autophagic Response that Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

(2012) Grant R. Campbell et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Nucleic Acid Recognition by the Innate Immune System

(2011) Roman Barbalat et al.   Annual Review of Immunology

Innate and adaptive immune responses in chronic hepatitis B virus infections: towards restoration of immune control of viral infection

(2011) Antonio Bertoletti et al.   GUT

TLR8 Activates HIV from Latently Infected Cells of Myeloid-Monocytic Origin Directly via the MAPK Pathway and from Latently Infected CD4 + T Cells Indirectly via TNF-α

(2011) Erika Schlaepfer et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

The Structural Biology of Toll-like Receptors

(2011) Istvan Botos et al.   STRUCTURE

Plasmids Enriched with CpG Motifs Activate Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vitro and Enhance Th-1 Immune Responses to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Mice

(2011) Zhihui Chen et al.   VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-adjuvanted fusion peptide derived from HBcAg epitope and HIV-Tat may elicit favorable immune response in PBMCs from patients with chronic HBV infection in the immunotolerant phase

(2010) Suna Wang et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Treatment of Friend Retrovirus-Infected Mice Improves Functional Properties of Virus-Specific T Cells and Prevents Virus-Induced Disease

(2010) K. Gibbert et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

A Novel Class of Immune-Stimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Unifies High Potency in Type I Interferon Induction with Preferred Structural Properties

(2010) Ulrike Samulowitz et al.   OLIGONUCLEOTIDES

One-year vaccination against hepatitis B virus with a MPL-vaccine in liver transplant patients for HBV-related cirrhosis

(2010) Daniele Di Paolo et al.   TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL

Pathogen recognition in the innate immune response

(2009) Himanshu Kumar et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

Lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune responses in primary hepatocytes downregulates woodchuck hepatitis virus replication via interferon-independent pathways

(2009) Xiaoyong Zhang et al.   CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in the development of fructose-induced hepatic steatosis in mice

(2009) Astrid Spruss et al.   HEPATOLOGY

HBcAg18–27 epitope fused to HIV-Tat49–57 adjuvanted with CpG ODN induces immunotherapeutic effects in transgenic mice

(2009) Suna Wang et al.   IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS

Immunization against hepatitis C virus with a fusion protein containing the extra domain A from fibronectin and the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein

(2009) Cristina Mansilla et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

TLR9 as a key receptor for the recognition of DNA☆

(2008) Y KUMAGAI et al.   ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS

Expression profiles and function of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic hepatitis B patients

(2008) Zhiao Chen et al.   CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Hepatitis B virus suppresses toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses in murine parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells

(2008) Jun Wu et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Toll‐like receptors and adaptor molecules in liver disease: Update

(2008) Ekihiro Seki et al.   HEPATOLOGY

Double-Stranded RNA Analog Poly(I:C) Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Amplification in Dendritic Cells via Type I Interferon-Mediated Activation of APOBEC3G

(2008) S. Trapp et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

A Review of the Role of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists in Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases

(2008) Kaveri Gupta et al.   Drugs in research & development