Review
Cell Biology
Ting Zhang, Qian Liu, Weihua Gao, Sheikh Arslan Sehgal, Hao Wu
Summary: Mitochondria play crucial roles in cellular metabolism and regulated cell death, with mitophagy serving as a key mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Mitophagy is regulated by various endogenous metabolites and is essential for the bidirectional interplay between mitophagy and cellular metabolisms.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yaoling Shu, Faizule Hassan, Michael C. Ostrowski, Kamal D. Mehta
Summary: Hepatic PKC beta deficiency slows disposal of glucose overload by suppressing glycogenesis and increasing hepatic glucose output, leading to lower plasma glucose levels and improved systemic glucose tolerance. This involves upregulating glucokinase and activating glycogen synthase to redirect more glucose-6-phosphate to glycogen synthesis.
Article
Microbiology
Sharon Ann Barretto, Frederic Lasserre, Marine Huillet, Marion Regnier, Arnaud Polizzi, Yannick Lippi, Anne Fougerat, Elodie Person, Sandrine Bruel, Colette Betoulieres, Claire Naylies, Celine Lukowicz, Sarra Smati, Laurence Guzylack, Maiwenn Olier, Vassilia Theodorou, Laila Mselli-Lakhal, Daniel Zalko, Walter Wahli, Nicolas Loiseau, Laurence Gamet-Payrastre, Herve Guillou, Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
Summary: This study identified PXR as a hepatic effector of microbiota-derived signals that regulate sexually dimorphic lipid and xenobiotic metabolisms in the liver. These findings reveal a potential new mechanism for unexpected drug-drug interactions.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Francisco Pino-de la Fuente, Juan Carlos Borquez, Francisco Diaz-Castro, Alejandra Espinosa, Mario Chiong, Rodrigo Troncoso
Summary: Lipid droplets (LD) are highly dynamic organelles that have an impact on cellular homeostasis. Studies show that exercise could attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by altering LD features and reducing LD content.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yang Cao, Lingyi Tang, Kang Du, Kitt Paraiso, Qiushi Sun, Zhengxia Liu, Xiaolong Ye, Yuan Fang, Fang Yuan, Hank Chen, Yumay Chen, Xiaorong Wang, Clinton Yu, Ira L. Blitz, Ping H. Wang, Lan Huang, Haibo Cheng, Xiang Lu, Ken W. Y. Cho, Marcus Seldin, Zhuyuan Fang, Qin Yang
Summary: LSD1 regulates mitochondrial function and hepatokine production by modulating histone methylation and NAD+ synthesis. Deletion of LSD1 in mice reduces mitochondrial function in the liver but protects against diet-induced hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance, partially due to the induction of the hepatokine FGF21.
Article
Cell Biology
May G. Akl, Lei Li, Raquel Baccetto, Sadhna Phanse, Qingzhou Zhang, Michael J. Trites, Sherin McDonald, Hiroyuki Aoki, Mohan Babu, Scott B. Widenmaier
Summary: Hepatic cholesterol overload promotes steatohepatitis, and insufficient understanding of liver stress defense impedes therapy development. In this study, the role of stress defense transcription factors NRF1 and NRF2 in counteracting cholesterol-linked liver stress is elucidated.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Norihiro Imai, Hayley T. Nicholls, Michele Alves-Bezerra, Yingxia Li, Anna A. Ivanova, Eric A. Ortlund, David E. Cohen
Summary: This study revealed the crucial role of skeletal muscle Them2 in the pathogenesis of HS and IR, suggesting it as a potential target for the management of NAFLD.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Katherine Byrnes, Sophia Blessinger, Niani Tiaye Bailey, Russell Scaife, Gang Liu, Bilon Khambu
Summary: Autophagy plays an important role in hepatic energy regulation, not only selectively regulating the expression levels of metabolic enzymes and signaling proteins, but also influencing nutrient regeneration and organelle quality control. Autophagy modulation has broad potential in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
Houkuan Huang, Mengting Ye, Xiale Cai, Shuhua Zhu, Lili Zhang
Summary: The synergistic effect of chitosan and sodium sulphate on energy metabolism and endogenous H2S metabolism of postharvest fruit was investigated. It was found that the synergistic treatment increased the activities of related enzymes and promoted the production of endogenous H2S in nectarine fruit. Additionally, the treatment also increased the activities of energy metabolism related enzymes and maintained a higher ATP and ADP content and energy level in the fruit.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Dong, Zhong Peng, Jun Liu, Hongmin Li, Tianlong Wang, Shunan Wang, Hongrong Wang, Yongjiu Huo, Lihuai Yu
Summary: This study demonstrates that arginine supplementation during the suckling period can improve the growth performance and reduce weaning stress of piglets, enhance intestinal barrier function and immune protection, and is associated with Notch2 signaling regulation.
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Shin A. Yoon, Yujin Cha, Maxine Mambo Fortibui, Song Yi Yoo, Eun-Young Jo, Chulhun Kang, Min Hee Lee
Summary: This tutorial review summarizes recent advances in chemosensors that fluoresce in response to the enzyme systems involved in Phase I xenobiotic metabolism. It discusses both in vitro and in vivo imaging applications on biomedical models, highlighting enzyme systems such as cytochrome P450, monoamine oxidase, nitroreductases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, esterases, and amidases. These enzymatic activities play a role in the metabolism of diverse chemicals and have potential implications in various pathophysiological processes. Enzyme-directed imaging techniques, particularly those utilizing fluorescent chemosensors activated through xenobiotic metabolism, are promising diagnostic modalities with high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapidity in monitoring live biosystems.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Danliu Peng, Anran Liu, Wenjing Wang, Yue Zhang, Zichen Han, Xiaozhou Li, Gang Wang, Chunfeng Guan, Jing Ji
Summary: The results of this study indicate that the salicylic acid signaling pathway plays an important role in the response of tobacco to triclosan treatment. Transgenic tobacco lines transformed with a homologous gene of SA binding protein showed enhanced tolerance to TCS stress, with differentially expressed genes related to MAPK signaling pathway, amino acid synthesis pathway, and plant hormone transduction pathway potentially contributing to the increased tolerance ability.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Liuqin He, Yonghui Liu, Di Liu, Yanzhong Feng, Jie Yin, Xihong Zhou
Summary: The study found that serine deficiency may lead to increased hepatic fat accumulation, exacerbating hepatic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, while supplementation with the PHGDH inhibitor NCT-503 can lower serine levels and increase liver fat accumulation.
OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Paulina Srednicka, Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak, Michal Wojcicki, Monika Akimowicz, Marek L. Roszko
Summary: Food contaminations pose a serious threat to global food safety, and probiotics offer a promising approach to reduce the risk related to the presence of xenobiotics in foodstuffs. Probiotics have been proven to be an effective tool in preventing dysbiosis and alleviating toxicity induced by xenobiotics.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huan-Yu Gong, Peng-Cheng Zhou, Hao-Ye Zhang, Li-Min Chen, Yang-Mei Zhou, Zhen-Guo Liu
Summary: A regulatory protein called GLIS2 is significantly reduced in fibrotic liver tissues compared to healthy tissues. Decreased levels of GLIS2 result in a transformation of hepatic stellate cells and lead to the development of fibrosis. Boosting GLIS2 activity could prevent fibrosis by maintaining hepatic stellate cells in a less active state.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amelia Nathania Dong, Van Pan, Uma Devi Palanisamy, Beow Chin Yiap, Nafees Ahemad, Chin Eng Ong
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Boon Hooi Tan, Nafees Ahemad, Yan Pan, Uma Devi Palanisamy, Iekhsan Othman, Beow Chin Yiap, Chin Eng Ong
BIOPHARMACEUTICS & DRUG DISPOSITION
(2018)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amelia Nathania Dong, Boon Hooi Tan, Yan Pan, Chin Eng Ong
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yan Pan, Chin Eng Ong, Yuh Fen Pung, Jin Yu Chieng
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sharoen Yu Ming Lim, Athira Rafhana Binti Azidin, Yee Tze Ung, Mustafa Al-Shagga, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, Zahurin Mohamed, Chin Eng Ong, Yan Pan
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Boon Kheng Chai, Mustafa Al-Shagga, Yan Pan, Sue-Mian Then, Kang Nee Ting, Hwei-San Loh, Suresh K. Mohankumar
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Amelia Nathania Dong, Nafees Ahemad, Yan Pan, Uma Devi Palanisamy, Beow Chin Yiap, Chin Eng Ong
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Toxicology
S. Y. M. Lim, M. Alshagga, C. E. Ong, J. Y. Chieng, Y. Pan
HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amna Shah, Chin Eng Ong, Yan Pan
Summary: The study revealed the significant contribution of CYP2E1 in the development of Parkinson's disease, as its negative effects outweighed its protective detoxifying role. Therefore, a synthetic biochemical is required to overcome the detrimental impact of CYP2E1 overexpression on dopaminergic neurons.
CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sharoen Y. M. Lim, Jason Siau Ee Loo, Mustafa Alshagga, Mohammed A. Alshawsh, Chin E. Ong, Yan Pan
Summary: Cathine, the stable form of cathinone found in khat, has been found to inhibit the activity of CYP2A6 and CYP3A4, two major drug-metabolizing enzymes. Molecular docking studies confirmed the interactions between cathine and these enzymes. This research provides important insights into the potential interactions between cathine and drugs metabolized by CYP2A6 and CYP3A4.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Toxicology
Sharoen Yu Ming Lim, Mustafa Alshagga, Cin Kong, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, Salah AbdulRazak Alshehade, Yan Pan
Summary: This review provides an overview of CYP35 genes in C. elegans and their roles in various biological processes, as well as the influence of biological processes, exposure to xenobiotics, and changes in diet and environment on the upregulation or downregulation of cyp35 genes. Further research on CYP35 genes, the closest homologs of the largest family of human CYPs (CYP2), may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies and the successful treatment of obesity, cancers, and cyp35 gene-related diseases.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tao Shang, Chee Mun Fang, Chin Eng Ong, Yan Pan
Summary: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play crucial roles in metabolising both endogenous and exogenous substances. This review paper discusses various factors that contribute to the expression levels of human CYP proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial systems, including N-terminal modifications, co-expression with chaperons, vector and E. coli strain selection, culture and expression conditions, membrane preparations, protein solubilizations, protein purifications, and reconstitution of catalytic systems. The paper identifies common factors that lead to high CYP expression and emphasizes the need for careful evaluation for individual CYP isoforms. Recombinant E. coli systems are proven to be useful tools for obtaining optimal levels of human CYP proteins, enabling further structural and functional characterizations.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Ce Lynn Chong, Chee Mun Fang, Swee Yong Pung, Chin Eng Ong, Yuh Fen Pung, Cin Kong, Yan Pan
Summary: The article summarizes studies on the organ-specific nanotoxicity of ZnO NPs using animal models. Animal models are essential for predicting the toxic effects of ZnO NPs on individual organs or the whole body.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sharoen Yu Ming Lim, Jin Yu Chieng, Yan Pan
Summary: Despite efforts to find a cure for dengue, the effectiveness of dengue vaccine remains uncertain due to the need for previous DENV exposure and substantial investment. Medicinal plants show promise in combating DENV, with NS2B/NS3 protease identified as a potential key target for inhibition. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and advance the development of anti-DENV plant-based treatments.