Key Roles of AXL and MER Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Resistance to Multiple Anticancer Therapies

Abstract 235: AXL inhibition leads to a reversal of a mesenchymal phenotype sensitizing cancer cells to targeted agents and immuno-oncology therapies

(2016) Katherine K. Soh et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Abstract LB-218: Development of Axl/Mer inhibitor, ONO-9330547: preclinical evidence supporting the combination with immunotherapeutics

(2016) Toshio Yoshizawa et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Dicer Elicits Paclitaxel Chemosensitization and Suppresses Cancer Stemness in Breast Cancer by Repressing AXL

(2016) Ting-Yu Chang et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Abstract 566: BGB324, a selective small molecule inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, enhances immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy

(2016) Gro Gausdal et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Diverse, Biologically Relevant, and Targetable Gene Rearrangements in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Other Malignancies

(2016) T. M. Shaver et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Genomic and Transcriptomic Features of Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma

(2016) Willy Hugo et al.   CELL

Molecular Pathways: AXL, a Membrane Receptor Mediator of Resistance to Therapy

(2016) M. Scaltriti et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

Role of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axl and its Targeting in Cancer Cells

(2016) Cristina Corno et al.   CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Gene of the month:Axl

(2016) Matthew Brown et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

(2016) Toni K Choueiri et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

AXL Inhibition Suppresses the DNA Damage Response and Sensitizes Cells to PARP Inhibition in Multiple Cancers

(2016) Kavitha Balaji et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: a new target in anticancer drug discovery

(2016) Fabrizio Marcucci et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Anexelekto (AXL) Increases Resistance to EGFR-TKI and Activation of AKT and ERK1/2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

(2016) Yaqiong Tian et al.   ONCOLOGY RESEARCH

Dissecting the multicellular ecosystem of metastatic melanoma by single-cell RNA-seq

(2016) I. Tirosh et al.   SCIENCE

The GAS6-AXL signaling network is a mesenchymal (Mes) molecular subtype-specific therapeutic target for ovarian cancer

(2016) J. Antony et al.   Science Signaling

Reduced Proteolytic Shedding of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Is a Post-Translational Mechanism of Kinase Inhibitor Resistance

(2016) M. A. Miller et al.   Cancer Discovery

Gas6/Axl Axis Contributes to Chemoresistance and Metastasis in Breast Cancer through Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling

(2016) Cun Wang et al.   Theranostics

The GAS6-AXL signaling network is a mesenchymal (Mes) molecular subtype-specific therapeutic target for ovarian cancer

(2016) J. Antony et al.   Science Signaling

TAM Receptor Signaling in Immune Homeostasis

(2015) Carla V. Rothlin et al.   Annual Review of Immunology

AXL Mediates Resistance to PI3Kα Inhibition by Activating the EGFR/PKC/mTOR Axis in Head and Neck and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas

(2015) Moshe Elkabets et al.   CANCER CELL

AXL Inhibitors in Cancer: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective

(2015) Samuel H. Myers et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

CBL controls a tyrosine kinase network involving AXL, SYK and LYN in nilotinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia

(2015) Romain Gioia et al.   JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is required for resistance of leukemic cells to FLT3-targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia

(2015) I-K Park et al.   LEUKEMIA

The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer

(2015) Justin Guinney et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

ALK inhibitor resistance in ALKF1174L-driven neuroblastoma is associated with AXL activation and induction of EMT

(2015) D N Debruyne et al.   ONCOGENE

Targeting MET and AXL overcomes resistance to sunitinib therapy in renal cell carcinoma

(2015) L Zhou et al.   ONCOGENE

Negative feedback regulation of AXL by miR-34a modulates apoptosis in lung cancer cells

(2015) Chun-Yu Cho et al.   RNA

MicroRNA-34a-5p enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy by targeting AXL in hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC-97L cells

(2015) XIAO-YUN LI et al.   Oncology Letters

A melanoma subtype with intrinsic resistance to BRAF inhibition identified by receptor tyrosine kinases gene-driven classification

(2015) Matteo Dugo et al.   Oncotarget

AXL is an oncotarget in human colorectal cancer

(2015) Erika Martinelli et al.   Oncotarget

Up-regulation of the Hippo pathway effector TAZ renders lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring EGFR-T790M mutation resistant to gefitinib

(2015) Wei Xu et al.   Cell and Bioscience

Kinome-wide shRNA Screen Identifies the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL as a Key Regulator for Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells

(2015) Peng Cheng et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Mechanisms of AXL overexpression and function in Imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells

(2015) Maeva Dufies et al.   Oncotarget

Inhibition of Axl improves the targeted therapy against ALK-mutated neuroblastoma

(2014) Fei Xu et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Genes suppressed by DNA methylation in non-small cell lung cancer reveal the epigenetics of epithelial–mesenchymal transition

(2014) Steven H Lin et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) promotes human gallbladder tumor growth via activation of the AXL/MAPK pathway

(2014) Maolan Li et al.   CANCER LETTERS

AXL Inhibition Sensitizes Mesenchymal Cancer Cells to Antimitotic Drugs

(2014) C. Wilson et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

AXL Mediates Resistance to Cetuximab Therapy

(2014) T. M. Brand et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Axl Phosphorylates Elmo Scaffold Proteins To Promote Rac Activation and Cell Invasion

(2014) Afnan Abu-Thuraia et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY

Axl Kinase as a Key Target for Oncology: Focus on Small Molecule Inhibitors

(2014) C. Feneyrolles et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS

The E3 ligase Cbl-b and TAM receptors regulate cancer metastasis via natural killer cells

(2014) Magdalena Paolino et al.   NATURE

Direct regulation of GAS6/AXL signaling by HIF promotes renal metastasis through SRC and MET

(2014) Erinn B. Rankin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs in melanoma

(2014) Judith Müller et al.   Nature Communications

A Melanoma Cell State Distinction Influences Sensitivity to MAPK Pathway Inhibitors

(2014) D. J. Konieczkowski et al.   Cancer Discovery

Axl, a prognostic and therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia mediates paracrine crosstalk of leukemia cells with bone marrow stroma

(2013) I. Ben-Batalla et al.   BLOOD

Mer receptor tyrosine kinase is a therapeutic target in pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

(2013) R. M. A. Linger et al.   BLOOD

The expression of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase influences the tumour phenotype and clinical outcome of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma

(2013) D J Pinato et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER

Cisplatin influences acquisition of resistance to molecular-targeted agents through epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like changes

(2013) Maki Kurokawa et al.   CANCER SCIENCE

AXL Is a Key Regulator of Inherent and Chemotherapy-Induced Invasion and Predicts a Poor Clinical Outcome in Early-Stage Colon Cancer

(2013) P. D. Dunne et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

Lactate Engages Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Axl, Tie2, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 to Activate Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt and Promote Angiogenesis

(2013) Guo-Xiang Ruan et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

MerTK inhibition in tumor leukocytes decreases tumor growth and metastasis

(2013) Rebecca S. Cook et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

MERTK receptor tyrosine kinase is a therapeutic target in melanoma

(2013) Jennifer Schlegel et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Axl Mediates Acquired Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer Cells to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Erlotinib

(2013) Keith M. Giles et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS

S49076 Is a Novel Kinase Inhibitor of MET, AXL, and FGFR with Strong Preclinical Activity Alone and in Association with Bevacizumab

(2013) M. F. Burbridge et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS

AXL induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and regulates the function of breast cancer stem cells

(2013) M K Asiedu et al.   ONCOGENE

Preclinical validation of AXL receptor as a target for antibody-based pancreatic cancer immunotherapy

(2013) W Leconet et al.   ONCOGENE

The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl regulates cell–cell adhesion and stemness in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

(2013) M A Cichoń et al.   ONCOGENE

Vorinostat Induces Apoptosis and Differentiation in Myeloid Malignancies: Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms

(2013) Gabriela Silva et al.   PLoS One

GAS6 Receptor Status Is Associated with Dormancy and Bone Metastatic Tumor Formation

(2013) Russell S. Taichman et al.   PLoS One

Paradoxical role of the proto-oncogene Axl and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases in colon cancer

(2013) L. Bosurgi et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Integrative Analysis of Complex Cancer Genomics and Clinical Profiles Using the cBioPortal

(2013) J. Gao et al.   Science Signaling

The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

(2013) A. S. Meyer et al.   Science Signaling

Inhibition of MerTK increases chemosensitivity and decreases oncogenic potential in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

(2013) L N Brandao et al.   Blood Cancer Journal

Higher Expression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axl, and Differential Expression of its Ligand, Gas6, Predict Poor Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients

(2012) Masashi Ishikawa et al.   ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY

Differential Expression of Axl and Correlation with Invasion and Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells

(2012) Yongfu Zhao et al.   CANCER INVESTIGATION

ABL Regulation by AXL Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Esophageal Cancer

(2012) J. Hong et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

An Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature Predicts Resistance to EGFR and PI3K Inhibitors and Identifies Axl as a Therapeutic Target for Overcoming EGFR Inhibitor Resistance

(2012) L. A. Byers et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

Axl is essential for VEGF-A-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt

(2012) Guo-Xiang Ruan et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

The transcriptional landscape and mutational profile of lung adenocarcinoma

(2012) J.-S. Seo et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

Systematic Identification of the HSP90 Regulated Proteome

(2012) Zhixiang Wu et al.   MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS

Hypoxia Stabilizes GAS6/Axl Signaling in Metastatic Prostate Cancer

(2012) Anjali Mishra et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH

Targeting Axl With an High-affinity Inhibitory Aptamer

(2012) Laura Cerchia et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Activation of the AXL kinase causes resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer

(2012) Zhenfeng Zhang et al.   NATURE GENETICS

Profiling phospho-signaling networks in breast cancer using reverse-phase protein arrays

(2012) T S Gujral et al.   ONCOGENE

Mer or Axl receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition promotes apoptosis, blocks growth and enhances chemosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer

(2012) R M A Linger et al.   ONCOGENE

HGF induces novel EGFR functions involved in resistance formation to tyrosine kinase inhibitors

(2012) S Gusenbauer et al.   ONCOGENE

The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is an essential regulator of prostate cancer proliferation and tumor growth and represents a new therapeutic target

(2012) J D Paccez et al.   ONCOGENE

Gene Expression Profiles of the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Lines Define Molecular Interaction Networks Governing Cell Migration Processes

(2012) Kurt W. Kohn et al.   PLoS One

Cross-Phosphorylation, Signaling and Proliferative Functions of the Tyro3 and Axl Receptors in Rat2 Cells

(2012) Jessica E. Brown et al.   PLoS One

Promotion of Glioblastoma Cell Motility by Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) Is Mediated by AXL Receptor Kinase

(2012) Martina Ott et al.   PLoS One

Resequencing analysis of the candidate tyrosine kinase and RAS pathway gene families in multiple myeloma

(2012) Vishwanathan Hucthagowder et al.   Cancer Genetics

Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases promote the in vitro phenotype of metastatic human osteosarcoma cell lines

(2012) A N Rettew et al.   Oncogenesis

Transcriptional activation of the Axl and PDGFR-α by c-Met through a ras- and Src-independent mechanism in human bladder cancer

(2011) Chen-Yun Yeh et al.   BMC CANCER

Identification of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL in breast cancer as a target for the human miR-34a microRNA

(2011) Mark Mackiewicz et al.   BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT

AKT Inhibition Relieves Feedback Suppression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Expression and Activity

(2011) Sarat Chandarlapaty et al.   CANCER CELL

Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted therapies

(2011) Brian D. Lehmann et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Human Cutaneous Melanomas Lacking MITF and Melanocyte Differentiation Antigens Express a Functional Axl Receptor Kinase

(2011) Marialuisa Sensi et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Genome-wide Characterization ofmiR-34aInduced Changes in Protein and mRNA Expression by a Combined Pulsed SILAC and Microarray Analysis

(2011) Markus Kaller et al.   MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS

Phosphoproteomic Screen Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets in Melanoma

(2011) K. Tworkoski et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH

Targeting Axl and Mer Kinases in Cancer

(2011) A. Verma et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS

Fra-1 controls motility of bladder cancer cells via transcriptional upregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL

(2011) A E Sayan et al.   ONCOGENE

Regulation of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase expression by miR-34a and miR-199a/b in solid cancer

(2011) G Mudduluru et al.   ONCOGENE

Leukocyte Complexity Predicts Breast Cancer Survival and Functionally Regulates Response to Chemotherapy

(2011) David G. DeNardo et al.   Cancer Discovery

The novel receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is constitutively active in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acts as a docking site of nonreceptor kinases: implications for therapy

(2010) A. K. Ghosh et al.   BLOOD

Induction, regulation, and biologic function of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase in Kaposi sarcoma

(2010) R. Liu et al.   BLOOD

Overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinase Axl promotes tumor cell invasion and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

(2010) Xianzhou Song et al.   CANCER

The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase confers an adverse prognostic influence in pancreatic cancer and represents a new therapeutic target

(2010) Jan-Bart M. Koorstra et al.   CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY

R428, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Axl Kinase, Blocks Tumor Spread and Prolongs Survival in Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer

(2010) S. J. Holland et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

A systems view of epithelial–mesenchymal transition signaling states

(2010) Stuart Thomson et al.   CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS

Potentiating role of Gas6 and Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAM) receptors in human and murine platelet activation and thrombus stabilization

(2010) J. M. E. M. COSEMANS et al.   JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS

Myeloid Zinc Finger 1 Induces Migration, Invasion, and In vivo Metastasis through Axl Gene Expression in Solid Cancer

(2010) G. Mudduluru et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH

Inhibition of Mer and Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Astrocytoma Cells Leads to Increased Apoptosis and Improved Chemosensitivity

(2010) A. K. Keating et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS

Differential expression of Axl in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlation with tumor lymphatic metastasis

(2010) Ling He et al.   MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS

COT drives resistance to RAF inhibition through MAP kinase pathway reactivation

(2010) Cory M. Johannessen et al.   NATURE

AXL receptor kinase is a mediator of YAP-dependent oncogenic functions in hepatocellular carcinoma

(2010) M Z Xu et al.   ONCOGENE

An anti-Axl monoclonal antibody attenuates xenograft tumor growth and enhances the effect of multiple anticancer therapies

(2010) X Ye et al.   ONCOGENE

Vimentin regulates EMT induction by Slug and oncogenic H-Ras and migration by governing Axl expression in breast cancer

(2010) K Vuoriluoto et al.   ONCOGENE

EMT, cancer stem cells and drug resistance: an emerging axis of evil in the war on cancer

(2010) A Singh et al.   ONCOGENE

Up-Regulation of Soluble Axl and Mer Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Negatively Correlates with Gas6 in Established Multiple Sclerosis Lesions

(2009) Jason G. Weinger et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Malignant cells fuel tumor growth by educating infiltrating leukocytes to produce the mitogen Gas6

(2009) S. Loges et al.   BLOOD

Novel Mechanism of Lapatinib Resistance in HER2-Positive Breast Tumor Cells: Activation of AXL

(2009) L. Liu et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Axl as a potential therapeutic target in cancer: role of Axl in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis

(2009) Y Li et al.   ONCOGENE

Axl is an essential epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-induced regulator of breast cancer metastasis and patient survival

(2009) C. Gjerdrum et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The human receptor tyrosine kinase Axl gene - promoter characterization and regulation of constitutive expression by Sp1, Sp3, and CpG methylation

(2008) Giridhar Mudduluru et al.   BIOSCIENCE REPORTS

Receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is induced by chemotherapy drugs and overexpression of AXL confers drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia

(2008) Chih-Chen Hong et al.   CANCER LETTERS

Axl and Growth Arrest Specific Gene 6 Are Frequently Overexpressed in Human Gliomas and Predict Poor Prognosis in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme

(2008) M. Hutterer et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

In brain, Axl recruits Grb2 and the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3 kinase; in vitro mutagenesis defines the requisite binding sites for downstream Akt activation

(2008) Jason G. Weinger et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY