Emerging therapies to target CNS pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis

Efficacy and Safety of Masitinib in Progressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis

(2022) Patrick Vermersch et al.   Neurology-Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

BTK inhibition limits B-cell–T-cell interaction through modulation of B-cell metabolism: implications for multiple sclerosis therapy

(2022) Rui Li et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Surface-in pathology in multiple sclerosis: a new view on pathogenesis?

(2021) Matteo Pardini et al.   BRAIN

Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Dapirolizumab Pegol in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

(2021) Richard A Furie et al.   RHEUMATOLOGY

Failed, Interrupted, or Inconclusive Trials on Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Treatment Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis: Update 2015–2020

(2021) Niklas Huntemann et al.   DRUGS

Cellular immunology of relapsing multiple sclerosis: interactions, checks, and balances

(2021) Amit Bar-Or et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Safety and efficacy of tolebrutinib, an oral brain-penetrant BTK inhibitor, in relapsing multiple sclerosis: a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

(2021) Daniel S Reich et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Efficacy and safety of temelimab in multiple sclerosis: Results of a randomized phase 2b and extension study

(2021) Hans-Peter Hartung et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

A lymphocyte–microglia–astrocyte axis in chronic active multiple sclerosis

(2021) Martina Absinta et al.   NATURE

Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating safety, exposure and pharmacodynamics of BTK inhibitor tolebrutinib (PRN2246, SAR442168)

(2021) Timothy D. Owens et al.   CTS-Clinical and Translational Science

Niacin-mediated rejuvenation of macrophage/microglia enhances remyelination of the aging central nervous system

(2020) Khalil S. Rawji et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Treatment Optimization in Multiple Sclerosis: Canadian MS Working Group Recommendations

(2020) Mark S. Freedman et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Different roles of soluble CD40 ligand in central nervous system damage

(2020) Li Du et al.   NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH

Fenebrutinib versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II Trial (ANDES Study)

(2020) Stanley Cohen et al.   Arthritis & Rheumatology

Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase interferes with pathogenic B-cell development in inflammatory CNS demyelinating disease

(2020) Sebastian Torke et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

(2020) Stephen L. Hauser et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Mechanisms underlying progression in multiple sclerosis

(2020) Martina Absinta et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY

Temelimab, an IgG4 Anti-Human Endogenous Retrovirus Monoclonal Antibody: An Early Development Safety Review

(2020) Gabrielle Kornmann et al.   DRUG SAFETY

The glycosyltransferase EXTL2 promotes proteoglycan deposition and injurious neuroinflammation following demyelination

(2020) Annie Pu et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

The role of B cells in Multiple Sclerosis and related disorders

(2020) Giancarlo Comi et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Paramagnetic Rim Lesions are Specific to Multiple Sclerosis: An International Multicenter 3T MRI Study

(2020) Pietro Maggi et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a promising emerging treatment option for multiple sclerosis

(2020) Edgar Carnero Contentti et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON EMERGING DRUGS

Long-term evolution of multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions in 7 T MRI

(2020) Assunta Dal-Bianco et al.   BRAIN

Effects of Ibudilast on MRI Measures in the Phase 2 SPRINT-MS Study

(2020) Robert T. Naismith et al.   NEUROLOGY

Ibudilast

(2020) Maria Pia Sormani et al.   NEUROLOGY

A surface‐in gradient of thalamic damage evolves in pediatric multiple sclerosis

(2019) G. Fadda et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Effects of lipoic acid on primary murine microglial cells

(2019) Priya Chaudhary et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Placebo-Controlled Trial of an Oral BTK Inhibitor in Multiple Sclerosis

(2019) Xavier Montalban et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Targeting the Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans: Evaluating Fluorinated Glucosamines and Xylosides in Screens Pertinent to Multiple Sclerosis

(2019) Erin L. Stephenson et al.   ACS Central Science

A High-dose Pharmacokinetic Study of a New IgG4 Monoclonal Antibody Temelimab/GNbAC1 Antagonist of an Endogenous Retroviral Protein pHERV-W Env

(2019) Hervé Porchet et al.   CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS

A CD40 targeting peptide prevents severe symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2019) Gisela M. Vaitaitis et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Safety and efficacy of opicinumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (SYNERGY): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

(2019) Diego Cadavid et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

DNL 104, a Centrally Penetrant RIPK 1 Inhibitor, Inhibits RIP 1 Kinase Phosphorylation in a Randomized Phase I Ascending Dose Study in Healthy Volunteers

(2019) Hendrika W. Grievink et al.   CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies

(2019) Simon Faissner et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Metformin Restores CNS Remyelination Capacity by Rejuvenating Aged Stem Cells

(2019) Björn Neumann et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as novel drivers of leucocyte infiltration in multiple sclerosis

(2018) Erin L Stephenson et al.   BRAIN

The compartmentalized inflammatory response in the multiple sclerosis brain is composed of tissue-resident CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells

(2018) Joana Machado-Santos et al.   BRAIN

The extracellular matrix: Focus on oligodendrocyte biology and targeting CSPGs for remyelination therapies

(2018) Annie Pu et al.   GLIA

Discovery of 7-Oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine Derivatives as Potent, Orally Available, and Brain-Penetrating Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) Kinase Inhibitors: Analysis of Structure–Kinetic Relationships

(2018) Masato Yoshikawa et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Multiple sclerosis

(2018) Alan J Thompson et al.   LANCET

ECTRIMS/EAN Guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with multiple sclerosis

(2018) Xavier Montalban et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Necrostatin-1 Improves Long-term Functional Recovery Through Protecting Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

(2018) Yingzhu Chen et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Multiple Sclerosis

(2018) Daniel S. Reich et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Necroptosis promotes cell-autonomous activation of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression

(2018) Kezhou Zhu et al.   Cell Death & Disease

ECTRIMS/EAN Guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with multiple sclerosis

(2018) Xavier Montalban et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Phase 2 Trial of Ibudilast in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

(2018) Robert J. Fox et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Macrophage CD40-signaling drives experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2018) Suzanne A.B.M. Aarts et al.   JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Necroptosis and RIPK1-mediated neuroinflammation in CNS diseases

(2018) Junying Yuan et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Inhibiting repulsive guidance molecule-a suppresses secondary progression in mouse models of multiple sclerosis

(2018) Shogo Tanabe et al.   Cell Death & Disease

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Approach to Neuroprotection and Repair

(2017) Eric Knott et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Soluble CD40 ligand contributes to blood–brain barrier breakdown and central nervous system inflammation in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

(2017) Hiroki Masuda et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Clemastine fumarate as a remyelinating therapy for multiple sclerosis (ReBUILD): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial

(2017) Ari J Green et al.   LANCET

Safety and efficacy of opicinumab in acute optic neuritis (RENEW): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

(2017) Diego Cadavid et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Trial of Minocycline in Clinically Isolated Syndrome of Multiple Sclerosis

(2017)   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Systematic screening of generic drugs for progressive multiple sclerosis identifies clomipramine as a promising therapeutic

(2017) Simon Faissner et al.   Nature Communications

Enhanced Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Activity in Peripheral Blood B Lymphocytes From Patients With Autoimmune Disease

(2017) Odilia B. J. Corneth et al.   Arthritis & Rheumatology

The association between human endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

(2017) Elena Morandi et al.   PLoS One

The Effects of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonist, Ibudilast, on Sevoflurane’s Minimum Alveolar Concentration and the Delayed Remifentanil-Induced Increase in the Minimum Alveolar Concentration in Rats

(2016) Daniel Ruiz-Pérez et al.   ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA

The topograpy of demyelination and neurodegeneration in the multiple sclerosis brain

(2016) Lukas Haider et al.   BRAIN

K45A mutation of RIPK1 results in poor necroptosis and cytokine signaling in macrophages, which impacts inflammatory responses in vivo

(2016) B Shutinoski et al.   CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION

Metformin Protects Neurons against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation -Induced Injury by Down-Regulating MAD2B

(2016) Xianfang Meng et al.   CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Role of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

(2016) Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi et al.   CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY

Programmed necrosis in inflammation: Toward identification of the effector molecules

(2016) D. Wallach et al.   SCIENCE

An inhibitor of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis promotes central nervous system remyelination

(2016) Michael B. Keough et al.   Nature Communications

Immunologic Effects of Metformin and Pioglitazone Treatment on Metabolic Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis

(2016) Laura Negrotto et al.   JAMA Neurology

Important role of mast cells in multiple sclerosis

(2016) P. Conti et al.   Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Human Endogenous Retrovirus and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy

(2016) Raphaël Faucard et al.   EBioMedicine

Inhibition of LINGO-1 promotes functional recovery after experimental spinal cord demyelination

(2015) Yongjie Zhang et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

A phase IIa randomized clinical study testing GNbAC1, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the envelope protein of multiple sclerosis associated endogenous retrovirus in multiple sclerosis patients — A twelve month follow-up

(2015) Tobias Derfuss et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis

(2015) Don H Mahad et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Targeting Repulsive Guidance Molecule A to Promote Regeneration and Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis

(2015) Elena Demicheva et al.   Cell Reports

Activation of Necroptosis in Multiple Sclerosis

(2015) Dimitry Ofengeim et al.   Cell Reports

Btk inhibition suppresses agonist-induced human macrophage activation and inflammatory gene expression in RA synovial tissue explants

(2014) Linda M Hartkamp et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

A phase IIa randomised clinical study of GNbAC1, a humanised monoclonal antibody against the envelope protein of multiple sclerosis-associated endogenous retrovirus in multiple sclerosis patients

(2014) Tobias Derfuss et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Micropillar arrays as a high-throughput screening platform for therapeutics in multiple sclerosis

(2014) Feng Mei et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Does Lipoic Acid Consumption Affect the Cytokine Profile in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial

(2014) Mohammad Khalili et al.   NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION

Blocking LINGO-1 as a Therapy to Promote CNS Repair: From Concept to the Clinic

(2013) Sha Mi et al.   CNS DRUGS

A regenerative approach to the treatment of multiple sclerosis

(2013) Vishal A. Deshmukh et al.   NATURE

The DNA Copy Number of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W (MSRV-Type) Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Is Influenced by Gender and Disease Severity

(2013) Marta Garcia-Montojo et al.   PLoS One

Caspase blockade induces RIP3-mediated programmed necrosis in Toll-like receptor-activated microglia

(2013) S J Kim et al.   Cell Death & Disease

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in demyelinated lesions impair remyelination

(2012) Lorraine W. Lau et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Masitinib treatment in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis: a randomized pilot study

(2012) Patrick Vermersch et al.   BMC Neurology

GNbAC1, a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Against the Envelope Protein of Multiple Sclerosis—Associated Endogenous Retrovirus: A First-in-Humans Randomized Clinical Study

(2012) François Curtin et al.   CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS

Secretory products of multiple sclerosis B cells are cytotoxic to oligodendroglia in vitro

(2012) Robert P. Lisak et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope expression in blood and brain cells provides new insights into multiple sclerosis disease

(2012) Hervé Perron et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Excess Soluble CD40L Contributes to Blood Brain Barrier Permeability In Vivo: Implications for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

(2012) Donna C. Davidson et al.   PLoS One

RGMa modulates T cell responses and is involved in autoimmune encephalomyelitis

(2011) Rieko Muramatsu et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Meningeal Mast Cells Affect Early T Cell Central Nervous System Infiltration and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity through TNF: A Role for Neutrophil Recruitment?

(2010) B. A. Sayed et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Ibudilast in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A neuroprotectant?

(2010) F. Barkhof et al.   NEUROLOGY

Allosteric inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor revealed by ibudilast

(2010) Y. Cho et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The Human Endogenous Retrovirus Link between Genes and Environment in Multiple Sclerosis and in Multifactorial Diseases Associating Neuroinflammation

(2009) Hervé Perron et al.   CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY

Metformin Attenuated the Autoimmune Disease of the Central Nervous System in Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis

(2009) N. Nath et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Masitinib (AB1010), a Potent and Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Targeting KIT

(2009) Patrice Dubreuil et al.   PLoS One

CD40 and autoimmunity: The dark side of a great activator

(2009) Anna L. Peters et al.   SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Niaspan treatment improves neurological functional recovery in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice

(2008) Jing Zhang et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE