Corneal stromal repair and regeneration

Sex Hormones, Growth Hormone, and the Cornea

(2022) Tina B. McKay et al.   Cells

Decorin regulates collagen fibrillogenesis during corneal wound healing in mouse in vivo

(2022) Suneel Gupta et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Intrastromal versus subconjunctival anti-VEGF agents for treatment of corneal neovascularization: a rabbit study

(2021) Rukiye Kilic Ucgul et al.   EYE

Precision regenerative medicine

(2021) Amy L. Lightner et al.   Stem Cell Research & Therapy

The effect of nerve growth factor on corneal nerve regeneration and dry eye after LASIK

(2021) Qianwen Gong et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Systemic diseases and the cornea

(2021) Ruchi Shah et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

The Human Tissue-Engineered Cornea (hTEC): Recent Progress

(2021) Louis-Philippe Guérin et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Safety and efficacy of combination of suberoylamilide hydroxyamic acid and mitomycin C in reducing pro-fibrotic changes in human corneal epithelial cells

(2021) Rohit Shetty et al.   Scientific Reports

Nerve Growth Factor as an Ocular Therapy: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

(2021) Levi N Kanu et al.   Seminars in Ophthalmology

Resident Innate Immune Cells in the Cornea

(2021) Jun Liu et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Evaluating the safety and efficacy of compression sutures with intracameral perfluoropropane (C3F8) in the management of acute corneal hydrops

(2021) Vishal Vohra et al.   INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY

Gene therapy in the anterior eye segment

(2021) Cynthia Amador et al.   CURRENT GENE THERAPY

Update on corneal collagen crosslinking for ectasia

(2021) Hamza Pasha et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

Impairment of corneal epithelial wound healing is association with increased neutrophil infiltration and reactive oxygen species activation in tenascin X-deficient mice

(2021) Takayoshi Sumioka et al.   LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

Altered ocular surface immune cell profile in patients with dry eye disease

(2021) Archana Padmanabhan Nair et al.   Ocular Surface

Corneal neurotization for neurotrophic keratopathy: Review of surgical techniques and outcomes

(2021) Catherine Y. Liu et al.   Ocular Surface

Surgical Management and Recent Advances in Chemical Injury: A 5-year Review.

(2021) Priyanshi Awasthi et al.   Seminars in Ophthalmology

Human Cadaveric Donor Cornea Derived Extra Cellular Matrix Microparticles for Minimally Invasive Healing/Regeneration of Corneal Wounds

(2021) Arun Chandru et al.   Biomolecules

Collagen XIV is an intrinsic regulator of corneal stromal structure and function

(2021) Mei Sun et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

The functional role of decorin in corneal neovascularization in vivo

(2021) Praveen K. Balne et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Remodeling after Corneal Alkali Burn in Mice

(2021) Kazadi N. Mutoji et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Corticosteroids in the Management of Infectious Keratitis: A Concise Review

(2021) Bhavana Sharma et al.   JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS

Ocular toxicity of mustard gas: A concise review

(2021) Allison Fuchs et al.   TOXICOLOGY LETTERS

Corneal Cross-Linking: The Evolution of Treatment for Corneal Diseases

(2021) Duoduo Wu et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Efficacious, safe, and stable inhibition of corneal neovascularization by AAV-vectored anti-VEGF therapeutics

(2021) Wenqi Su et al.   Molecular Therapy-Methods & Clinical Development

Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of BMP7 and HGF Gene Overexpression in Rabbit Cornea

(2021) Suneel Gupta et al.   Translational Vision Science & Technology

Six-Month In Vivo Safety Profiling of Topical Ocular AAV5–Decorin Gene Transfer

(2021) Rajiv R. Mohan et al.   Translational Vision Science & Technology

Stem cell therapy in ocular pathologies in the past 20 years

(2021) Giovanni Miotti et al.   World Journal of Stem Cells

Autologous serum compared to artificial tear drops for dry eye disease

(2021) Franco Manzur Yarur et al.   Medwave

Role of Neutrophils on the Ocular Surface

(2021) Yongseok Mun et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Application of mesenchymal stem cells in corneal regeneration

(2021) Mohsen Ghiasi et al.   TISSUE & CELL

Keratoconus patients exhibit a distinct ocular surface immune cell and inflammatory profile

(2021) Sharon D’Souza et al.   Scientific Reports

Tenon's Patch Graft: A Review of Indications, Surgical Technique, Outcomes and Complications

(2021) Anahita Kate et al.   Seminars in Ophthalmology

Tissue Engineering Meets Nanotechnology: Molecular Mechanism Modulations in Cornea Regeneration

(2021) Olja Mijanović et al.   Micromachines

Corneal Crosslinking for Progressive Keratoconus and Corneal Ectasia: Summary of US Multicenter and Subgroup Clinical Trials

(2021) Steven A. Greenstein et al.   Translational Vision Science & Technology

Artificial Cornea: Past, Current, and Future Directions

(2021) Gráinne Holland et al.   Frontiers in Medicine

Diabetic Keratopathy: Insights and Challenges

(2020) S. Priyadarsini et al.   SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

AlloSLET vs AMG in the early management of severe grade ocular chemical injuries – A Retrospective Comparative Study

(2020) Shweta Agarwal et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Intrastromal Gene Therapy Prevents and Reverses Advanced Corneal Clouding in a Canine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis I

(2020) Keiko Miyadera et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY

Early and late clinical landmarks of corneal dystrophies

(2020) Walter Lisch et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Keratocyte biology

(2020) Gary H.F. Yam et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Bowman's layer in the cornea– structure and function and regeneration

(2020) Steven E. Wilson   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Corneal wound healing

(2020) Steven E. Wilson   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Chemical eye injury: pathophysiology, assessment and management

(2020) Harminder S. Dua et al.   EYE

The Relationship Between Severe Visual Acuity Loss, Traumatic Brain Injuries, and Ocular Injuries in American Service Members From 2001 to 2015

(2020) Gerald Flanagan et al.   MILITARY MEDICINE

Topical Corneal Cross-Linking Solution Delivered Via Corneal Reservoir in Dutch-Belted Rabbits

(2020) Mariya Zyablitskaya et al.   Translational Vision Science & Technology

A rabbit model for evaluating ocular damage from acrolein toxicity in vivo

(2020) Suneel Gupta et al.   ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Characterization of hydrogen sulfide toxicity to human corneal stromal fibroblasts

(2020) Praveen K. Balne et al.   ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Topical administration of rapamycin promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and reduces intraocular pressure in a rat glaucoma model

(2020) Feifei Wang et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Corneal stroma regeneration: Preclinical studies

(2020) Jorge L. Alió del Barrio et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Composition, structure and function of the corneal stroma

(2020) Edgar M. Espana et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Activation of ocular surface mast cells promotes corneal neovascularization

(2020) WonKyung Cho et al.   Ocular Surface

Corneal Transplantation after Failed Grafts: Options and Outcomes

(2020) Jorge L. Alió del Barrio et al.   SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Corneal neovascularization

(2020) Matthew P. Nicholas et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Corneal myofibroblasts and fibrosis

(2020) Steven E. Wilson   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Novel insights into gene therapy in the cornea

(2020) Rajiv R. Mohan et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Sutureless repair of corneal injuries using naturally derived bioadhesive hydrogels

(2019) Ehsan Shirzaei Sani et al.   Science Advances

Mast Cells in Stress, Pain, Blood-Brain Barrier, Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease

(2019) Duraisamy Kempuraj et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Autophagy in corneal health and disease: A concise review

(2019) Lynn M. Martin et al.   Ocular Surface

Cost of Military Eye Injury and Vision Impairment Related to Traumatic Brain Injury: 2001–2017

(2019) Kevin D Frick et al.   MILITARY MEDICINE

Linear Polyethylenimine-DNA Nanoconstruct for Corneal Gene Delivery

(2019) Jason T. Rodier et al.   JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS

A Critical Overview of the Biological Effects of Mitomycin C Application on the Cornea Following Refractive Surgery

(2019) Esther Arranz-Marquez et al.   ADVANCES IN THERAPY

Inequitable coverage of vitamin A supplementation in Nigeria and implications for childhood blindness

(2019) Ada E. Aghaji et al.   BMC PUBLIC HEALTH

Femtosecond laser-assisted deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty

(2019) Winston D. Chamberlain   CURRENT OPINION IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

New frontiers of corneal gene therapy

(2019) Enzo Di Iorio et al.   HUMAN GENE THERAPY

Short‐term results of acellular porcine corneal stroma keratoplasty for herpes simplex keratitis

(2019) Jiao Zheng et al.   XENOTRANSPLANTATION

Limbal Epithelial and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Corneal Regeneration

(2019) Sachin Shukla et al.   CURRENT EYE RESEARCH

Immune reactions after modern lamellar (DALK, DSAEK, DMEK) versus conventional penetrating corneal transplantation

(2019) Deniz Hos et al.   PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH

NSAID-induced corneal melt: Clinical importance, pathogenesis and risk mitigation

(2019) Basil Rigas et al.   SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate Corneal Alloimmunity via Secretion of Hepatocyte Growth Factor

(2019) Sharad K. Mittal et al.   Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Corneal Repair and Regeneration: Current Concepts and Future Directions

(2019) Mohammadmahdi Mobaraki et al.   Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Corneal Stromal Regeneration: Current Status and Future Therapeutic Potential

(2019) Neil Lagali   CURRENT EYE RESEARCH

Corneal injury: Clinical and molecular aspects

(2019) Brayden Barrientez et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Clinical clues predictive of Stevens-Johnson syndrome as the cause of chronic cicatrising conjunctivitis

(2019) Swapna S Shanbhag et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Identification of novel predictive factors for post surgical corneal haze

(2019) Nimisha R. Kumar et al.   Scientific Reports

Mechanisms of Collagen Crosslinking in Diabetes and Keratoconus

(2019) McKay et al.   Cells

Mast Cell Biology at Molecular Level: a Comprehensive Review

(2019) Daniel Elieh Ali Komi et al.   CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY

Simple limbal epithelial transplantation: Current status and future perspectives

(2019) Catherine J. Jackson et al.   Stem Cells Translational Medicine

Association of Postfungal Keratitis Corneal Scar Features With Visual Acuity

(2019) Shivali A. Menda et al.   JAMA Ophthalmology

Corneal regeneration: A review of stromal replacements

(2018) Steffi Matthyssen et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis in Severe Thermal and Chemical Injuries

(2018) Alfonso Vasquez-Perez et al.   CORNEA

3D bioprinting of a corneal stroma equivalent

(2018) Abigail Isaacson et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

The Balance of Th17 versus Treg Cells in Autoimmunity

(2018) Gap Lee   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

KCa3.1 ion channel: A novel therapeutic target for corneal fibrosis

(2018) Govindaraj Anumanthan et al.   PLoS One

Pathogenesis of Keratoconus: The intriguing therapeutic potential of Prolactin-inducible protein

(2018) Rabab Sharif et al.   PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH

Modeling of Aniridia-Related Keratopathy by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing of Human Limbal Epithelial Cells and Rescue by Recombinant PAX6 Protein

(2018) Lauriane N. Roux et al.   STEM CELLS

Treatment of acute ocular chemical burns

(2018) Namrata Sharma et al.   SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Mast Cell Activation Protects Cornea by Promoting Neutrophil Infiltration via Stimulating ICAM-1 and Vascular Dilation in Fungal Keratitis

(2018) Yanting Xie et al.   Scientific Reports

Corneal myofibroblasts inhibit regenerating nerves during wound healing

(2018) Kye-Im Jeon et al.   Scientific Reports

Neprilysin inhibition promotes corneal wound healing

(2018) Rachel M. Genova et al.   Scientific Reports

SOX2 Activation Using CRISPR/dCas9 Promotes Wound Healing in Corneal Endothelial Cells

(2018) Yoon Kyung Chang et al.   STEM CELLS

Ocular Effects of Sulfur Mustard and Therapeutic Approaches

(2017) Yunes Panahi et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY

The Epidemiology of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in the UK

(2017) Noel Frey et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Efficacy and Safety Comparison Between Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid and Mitomycin C in Reducing the Risk of Corneal Haze After PRK Treatment In Vivo

(2017) Govindaraj Anumanthan et al.   JOURNAL OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY

CCR2− and CCR2+ corneal macrophages exhibit distinct characteristics and balance inflammatory responses after epithelial abrasion

(2017) J Liu et al.   Mucosal Immunology

Current and Upcoming Therapies for Ocular Surface Chemical Injuries

(2017) Alireza Baradaran-Rafii et al.   Ocular Surface

Alternatives to eye bank native tissue for corneal stromal replacement

(2017) Isabelle Brunette et al.   PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH

Management of high-risk corneal transplantation

(2017) Antonio Di Zazzo et al.   SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Altering equine corneal fibroblast differentiation through Smad gene transfer

(2017) Todd L. Marlo et al.   VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY

Targeted AAV5-Smad7 gene therapy inhibits corneal scarring in vivo

(2017) Suneel Gupta et al.   PLoS One

AAV vector-meditated expression of HLA-G reduces injury-induced corneal vascularization, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis

(2017) Matthew L. Hirsch et al.   Scientific Reports

Development of a novel in vivo corneal fibrosis model in the dog

(2016) K.M. Gronkiewicz et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

The corneal fibrosis response to epithelial–stromal injury

(2016) Andre A.M. Torricelli et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Age-related spontaneous lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis is accompanied by dysfunctional T regulatory cells

(2016) T G Coursey et al.   Mucosal Immunology

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis – A Comprehensive Review and Guide to Therapy. I. Systemic Disease

(2016) Sahar Kohanim et al.   Ocular Surface

Acute and Chronic Ophthalmic Involvement in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis – A Comprehensive Review and Guide to Therapy. II. Ophthalmic Disease

(2016) Sahar Kohanim et al.   Ocular Surface

Perioperative Corneal Abrasion

(2016) Menyoli M. Malafa et al.   PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY

Advances in corneal cell therapy

(2016) Matthias Fuest et al.   Regenerative Medicine

Stevens-Johnson syndrome: The role of an ophthalmologist

(2016) Rajat Jain et al.   SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

ITF2357 transactivates Id3 and regulate TGFβ/BMP7 signaling pathways to attenuate corneal fibrosis

(2016) Rayne R. Lim et al.   Scientific Reports

Global Survey of Corneal Transplantation and Eye Banking

(2016) Philippe Gain et al.   JAMA Ophthalmology

Lamellar Keratoplasty Treatment of Fungal Corneal Ulcers With Acellular Porcine Corneal Stroma

(2015) M.-C. Zhang et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION

Current review and a simplified "five-point management algorithm" for keratoconus

(2015) Vishal Arora et al.   INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

CDKN1A regulates Langerhans cell survival and promotes Treg cell generation upon exposure to ionizing irradiation

(2015) Jeremy G Price et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Corneal Abrasions and Corneal Foreign Bodies

(2015) Faheem Ahmed et al.   PRIMARY CARE

Progress in corneal wound healing

(2015) Alexander V. Ljubimov et al.   PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH

Corneal structure and transparency

(2015) Keith M. Meek et al.   PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH

Molecular mechanisms of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in the inhibition of TGF-β1-mediated canine corneal fibrosis

(2015) Kristina M. Gronkiewicz et al.   VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY

Past and present of corneal refractive surgery

(2014) Anders Højslet Vestergaard   ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA

Human limbal biopsy-derived stromal stem cells prevent corneal scarring

(2014) S. Basu et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Therapeutic potential of Pirfenidone for treating equine corneal scarring

(2014) Michael K. Fink et al.   VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY

Acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus

(2013) Namrata Sharma et al.   INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Corneal Gene Therapy: Basic Science and Translational Perspective

(2013) Rajiv R. Mohan et al.   Ocular Surface

Gene Therapy Approaches to Prevent Corneal Graft Rejection: Where Do We Stand?

(2013) Thomas Ritter et al.   OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH

BMP7 Gene Transfer via Gold Nanoparticles into Stroma Inhibits Corneal Fibrosis In Vivo

(2013) Ashish Tandon et al.   PLoS One

Decorin-PEI nanoconstruct attenuates equine corneal fibroblast differentiation

(2013) Kevin S. Donnelly et al.   VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat): its role on equine corneal fibrosis and matrix metalloproteinase activity

(2013) Kevin S. Donnelly et al.   VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY

Regenerative Medicine for the Cornea

(2013) Yoshinori Oie et al.   Biomed Research International

The wound healing effects of vitamin A eye drops after a corneal alkali burn in rats

(2012) Eun Chul Kim et al.   ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA

NK Cells Modulate the Inflammatory Response to Corneal Epithelial Abrasion and Thereby Support Wound Healing

(2012) Qiong Liu et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Targeted corneal transplantation

(2012) Vishal Jhanji et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

Vorinostat: A Potent Agent to Prevent and Treat Laser-induced Corneal Haze

(2012) Ashish Tandon et al.   JOURNAL OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY

Anti-VEGF Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization

(2012) Anne M. Keating et al.   Ocular Surface

Evolution of Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK)

(2012) Federico Luengo-Gimeno et al.   Ocular Surface

Dendritic Cell–Epithelium Interplay Is a Determinant Factor for Corneal Epithelial Wound Repair

(2011) Nan Gao et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Decorin Biology, Expression, Function and Therapy in the Cornea

(2011) R. R. Mohan et al.   CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Monocyte development inhibitor PRM-151 decreases corneal myofibroblast generation in rabbits

(2011) M.R. Santhiago et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

CCL20, γδ T cells, and IL-22 in corneal epithelial healing

(2011) Zhijie Li et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Polyethylenimine-conjugated gold nanoparticles: Gene transfer potential and low toxicity in the cornea

(2011) Ajay Sharma et al.   Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine

Nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological disorders: untamed dragon with fire power to heal

(2011) Jagat R. Kanwar et al.   Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine

TET1 and hydroxymethylcytosine in transcription and DNA methylation fidelity

(2011) Kristine Williams et al.   NATURE

Intracameral Perfluoropropane Gas in the Treatment of Acute Corneal Hydrops

(2011) Sayan Basu et al.   OPHTHALMOLOGY

Efficacious and Safe Tissue-Selective Controlled Gene Therapy Approaches for the Cornea

(2011) Rajiv R. Mohan et al.   PLoS One

Targeted Decorin Gene Therapy Delivered with Adeno-Associated Virus Effectively Retards Corneal Neovascularization In Vivo

(2011) Rajiv R. Mohan et al.   PLoS One

Gene therapy in the Cornea: 2005–present

(2011) Rajiv R. Mohan et al.   PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH

Management of Corneal Perforation

(2011) Vishal Jhanji et al.   SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Efficacy and safety of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Vorinostat) in the treatment of canine corneal fibrosis

(2011) Ann P. Bosiack et al.   VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY

Commanding Roles of Keratocytes in Health and Disease

(2010) Teruo Nishida   CORNEA

The molecular basis of corneal transparency

(2010) John R. Hassell et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Decorin transfection suppresses profibrogenic genes and myofibroblast formation in human corneal fibroblasts

(2010) Rajiv R. Mohan et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Gene delivery in the equine cornea: a novel therapeutic strategy

(2010) Dylan G. Buss et al.   VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY

Transduction efficiency of AAV 2/6, 2/8 and 2/9 vectors for delivering genes in human corneal fibroblasts

(2009) Ajay Sharma et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN

Corneal Regeneration Following Implantation of a Biomimetic Tissue-Engineered Substitute

(2009) Per Fagerholm et al.   CTS-Clinical and Translational Science

Topical interleukin-1 receptor antagonist inhibits inflammatory cell infiltration into the cornea

(2008) W. Michael Stapleton et al.   EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH

Epithelial stem cells in corneal regeneration and epidermal gene therapy

(2008) G Pellegrini et al.   JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY