Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shiqi Shen, Wenqin Yang, Lijun Li, Yanbing Zhu, Yuanfan Yang, Hui Ni, Zedong Jiang, Mingjing Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the regulating effects of different seaweed polysaccharide and tea polyphenol blends on intestinal flora and inflammation. The results show that agarose enhances butyric acid production, while iota-carrageenan and tea polyphenol blends promote the abundance of beneficial bacteria and alleviate intestinal inflammation.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tong Sun, Jingyi Yang, Lili Lu
Summary: This study investigated the regulatory effects of Salidroside on gut microbiota disturbance in mice. The results showed that Salidroside can attenuate antibiotic-induced intestinal damage and reduce inflammation factors. Moreover, Salidroside promotes the recovery of gut microbiota, reshaping its structure and composition.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Perla Lopes de Freitas, Marcus Vinicius Camara Barros, Romulo Brenno Lopes Froes, Lucas Martins Franca, Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
Summary: The gut microbiota plays an important role in host neuroendocrine pathways and can contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, is a key factor in the development of obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease. Dietary supplementation with (poly)phenols can help restore the balance of the gut microbiota and improve metabolic disorders. This review discusses the modulation of the gut microbiota by (poly)phenols and their effects on host metabolism.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
William Fusco, Manuel Bernabeu Lorenzo, Marco Cintoni, Serena Porcari, Emanuele Rinninella, Francesco Kaitsas, Elena Lener, Maria Cristina Mele, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Carmen Collado, Giovanni Cammarota, Gianluca Ianiro
Summary: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are crucial for gut health and have implications in various diseases. They are produced by specific bacterial taxa in the gut microbiota and can be influenced by specific foods or supplements. This review provides an overview of SCFAs, their production by bacteria, and potential therapeutic approaches to boost their levels and treat related diseases.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Iris Trefflich, Stefan Dietrich, Annett Braune, Klaus Abraham, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: This study compared concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores, finding no significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations but lower fecal pH and ammonia concentration in vegans. The results suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhan-Dong Yang, Yi-Shan Guo, Jun-Sheng Huang, Ya-Fei Gao, Fei Peng, Ri-Yi Xu, Hui-Hui Su, Ping-Jun Zhang
Summary: The study showed that isomaltulose has a positive impact on the composition and functionality of gut microbiota in rats, increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogens, while also enhancing the production of SCFAs and secondary bile acids.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kento Mio, Nami Otake, Satoko Nakashima, Tsubasa Matsuoka, Seiichiro Aoe
Summary: The study revealed that high beta-glucan barley flour enhances the innate immune system function in mice by improving IgA secretion and IL-10 expression. Furthermore, HGB flour modulates the gut microbiota, increasing the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, thereby stimulating the immune system.
Article
Microbiology
Yu Liu, Xi Jin, Yucheng Ma, Zhongyu Jiang, Zhitao Wei, Liyuan Xiang, Qun Sun, Shigian Qi, Kunjie Wang, Hong Li
Summary: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reduce the formation of renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones by regulating the intestinal oxalate transporter SLC26A6. Furthermore, SCFAs may serve as new supplements for preventing the formation of renal CaOx stones.
Article
Immunology
Xionge Pi, Weilin Teng, Dibo Fei, Gang Zhao, Wei Liu
Summary: Probiotic mixture can improve host health and reduce cholesterol levels by modifying the composition of the gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Takako Ikeda, Akari Nishida, Mayu Yamano, Ikuo Kimura
Summary: Dysbiosis is associated with cellular dysfunction due to impaired production and signaling of short-chain fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acids regulate physiological processes through interaction with receptors. Recent advances in the use of prebiotics and probiotics have shown promise in disease treatment.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jing Cong, Ping Zhou, Ruiyan Zhang
Summary: Intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in human physiology by producing metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which regulate colon physiology and influence the intestinal environment. Recent research has shown that SCFAs not only affect the gut's signal transduction pathway but also reach tissues and organs outside of the gut through the bloodstream. The level of SCFAs is increasingly recognized as important for maintaining health and preventing disease. This review provides a systematic theoretical basis for studying the mechanisms and precise intake levels of SCFAs to promote human health.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Valentina Vinelli, Paola Biscotti, Daniela Martini, Cristian Del Bo', Mirko Marino, Tomas Merono, Olga Nikoloudaki, Francesco Maria Calabrese, Silvia Turroni, Valentina Taverniti, Andrea Union Caballero, Cristina Andres-Lacueva, Marisa Porrini, Marco Gobbetti, Maria De Angelis, Patrizia Brigidi, Mariona Pinart, Katharina Nimptsch, Simone Guglielmetti, Patrizia Riso
Summary: This systematic review investigates the effects of dietary fibers on the gut microbial ecosystem and their potential impact on human health. The results suggest that although dietary fibers can influence the composition and metabolites of the gut microbiota, they may not consistently lead to significant increases in short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in apparently healthy adults. Factors such as study protocols and analytical methods may have influenced the results obtained.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yan Wang, Yafei Liu, Ives Ivusic Polic, Ajila Chandran Matheyambath, Gisele LaPointe
Summary: The study showed that combining a potential prebiotic (arabinogalactan) and a probiotic strain (Bifidobacterium longum) increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and promoted the growth of specific gut commensals, which could have a beneficial effect on gut health.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jianlong Yan, Yanbin Pan, Wenming Shao, Caiping Wang, Rongning Wang, Yaqiong He, Min Zhang, Yongshun Wang, Tangzhiming Li, Zhefeng Wang, Wenxing Liu, Zhenmin Wang, Xin Sun, Shaohong Dong
Summary: This study found that propionate can improve vascular calcification by regulating the intestinal microbiota. The results of the observational cohort study showed that the levels of propionate in both blood and faecal samples were negatively correlated with vascular calcification. Animal experiments confirmed that propionate supplementation can reshape the intestinal microbiota, increase SCFA production, improve intestinal barrier function, alleviate inflammation, and ultimately ameliorate vascular calcification.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xincheng Wu, Xiaojun Huang, Wanning Ma, Mingzhi Li, Jiajia Wen, Chunhua Chen, Liandi Liu, Shaoping Nie
Summary: This study compared the intestinal immunomodulatory mechanisms of nine representative bioactive polysaccharides. The results revealed that these polysaccharides promote intestinal immunity through different ways, such as alleviating immune suppression in intestinal mucosal T cells, improving the intestinal microenvironment, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria, inhibiting the colonization of harmful bacteria, and alleviating the accumulation of certain metabolites in the large intestine. These findings provide a guideline for the development of superior intestinal immunomodulatory polysaccharides.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jori Fuhren, Markus Schwalbe, Christiane Rosch, Reindert Nijland, Michiel Wels, Henk A. Schols, Michiel Kleerebezem
Summary: Synbiotics are food supplements that combine probiotics and prebiotics to synergistically elicit health benefits in the consumer. Inulin supplementation significantly enhances the intestinal delivery of L. plantarum Lp900, but this effect strongly depends on calcium levels in the diet.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Choudhury, A. Middelkoop, J. G. de Souza, L. A. van Veen, W. J. J. Gerrits, B. Kemp, J. E. Bolhuis, M. Kleerebezem
Summary: Early feeding has a significant impact on the colon microbiota of piglets, while no effect was seen in the jejunal and ileal microbiota. Early-fed piglets showed decreased pH in the caecum and colon, along with increased short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Additionally, early feeding altered the weights and lengths of intestinal tract segments, as well as the villus-crypt ratio in jejunal mucosa and the abundance of proliferative cells in colon mucosa.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Marijke Zonneveld, Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen, Marcela M. Fernandez-Gutierrez, Alberta Giovanazzi, Anne Marit de Groot, Marije Kleinjan, Toni M. M. van Capel, Alice J. A. M. Sijts, Leonie S. Taams, Johan Garssen, Esther C. de Jong, Michiel Kleerebezem, Esther N. M. Nolte-'t Hoen, Frank A. Redegeld, Marca H. M. Wauben
Summary: Maternal milk extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in supporting epithelial barrier function and modulating the immune system. Their unique proteome can target key hotspots of signaling networks in various cell types within the gastrointestinal tract.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Julia Aresti-Sanz, Markus Schwalbe, Rob Rodrigues Pereira, Hjalmar Permentier, Sahar El Aidy
Summary: Methylphenidate is a commonly used oral treatment for ADHD, but little is known about the factors influencing its absorption and bioavailability, such as the potential impact of gut microbiota on reducing its effectiveness.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wynand Alkema, Jos Boekhorst, Robyn T. Eijlander, Steve Schnittger, Fini De Gruyter, Sabina Lukovac, Kurt Schilling, Guus A. M. Kortman
Summary: This study reveals that the main bacterial pathways associated with aging skin are involved in the production of pigmentation intermediates, fatty acids, and ceramides. Additionally, there is evidence for a correlation between skin aging and bacterial enzymes involved in protein glycation. The results provide new insights for intervening with bacterial processes associated with aging of human skin.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marieke H. Schoemaker, Jeske H. J. Hageman, Dominique ten Haaf, Anita Hartog, Petra A. M. J. Scholtens, Jos Boekhorst, Arjen Nauta, Rolf Bos
Summary: This study aimed to determine the dose-response effect of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on constipation symptoms and fecal microbiota. The results showed that 11g of GOS intervention increased stool frequency and significantly influenced certain fecal microbiota species. Therefore, GOS may be beneficial for adults with a low stool frequency and middle-aged adults with self-reported constipation.
Article
Microbiology
Raka Choudhury, Michiel Kleerebezem
Summary: This study investigated the impact of diet on the mucosa-adhered microbiota in pre-weaning piglets by analyzing rectal swabs and colon samples. The results showed variable enrichment of adhered populations in rectal swabs and suggested that early life feeding may suppress post-weaning diarrhea. Furthermore, the paired swab-colon microbiota information can be used to predict the adhered microbiota in rectal swab samples.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Pamela Gonzalez-Davila, Markus Schwalbe, Arpit Danewalia, Boushra Dalile, Kristin Verbeke, Sushil K. Mahata, Sahar El Aidy
Summary: The gut epithelium secretes antimicrobial peptides to control the action of gut microbes, and the microbes have evolved antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. This study found that the antimicrobial peptide CST can affect the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, and it is related to the production of short-chain fatty acids by the microbiota. In addition, the study also found that a certain bacterium can degrade CST, and the gene abundance is higher in patients with Crohn's disease.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Onur Ercan, Heidy M. W. Besten, Eddy J. Smid, Michiel Kleerebezem
Summary: This study reveals the strategies of lactococcus to adapt to long-term survival in oligotrophic environments by activating stress-associated functions and increasing stress tolerance. It also illustrates the trade-off between growth and survival in the gene regulation network of lactococcus.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Avis Dwi Wahyu Nugroho, Berdien van Olst, Stephanie Agnes Bachtiar, Sjef Boeren, Michiel Kleerebezem, Herwig Bachmann
Summary: This article investigates the influence of manganese on lactococcal metabolic persistence. The experiments show that in the absence of manganese, acidification of non-growing cells can last for weeks, while in the presence of manganese, it stops within 1 day. The study also finds that the effects of manganese are NADH dependent.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
S. Duboux, J. A. Muller, F. De Franceschi, A. Mercenier, M. Kleerebezem
Summary: Bifidobacteria, the early colonizers of the human gastrointestinal system, are crucial for gut development and disease prevention. This study developed a fluorescent protein-based reporter system to investigate carbohydrate metabolism in B. longum NCC 2705. The results revealed the induction of specific promoters by different carbohydrates and highlighted the complexity of carbohydrate consumption patterns in this strain.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Simen Fredriksen, Suzanne D. E. Ruijten, Gemma G. R. Murray, Maria Juanpere-Borras, Peter van Baarlen, Jos Boekhorst, Jerry M. Wells
Summary: Streptococcus suis can colonize the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs but can also cause disease. This study compared the gene expression of pathogenic and commensal strains of S. suis and found that although there is genomic divergence, the transcriptomes remain conserved when grown in active porcine serum. However, key pathways showed variation in regulation and expression.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Sieze Douwenga, Berdien van Olst, Sjef Boeren, Yanzhang Luo, Xin Lai, Bas Teusink, Jacques Vervoort, Michiel Kleerebezem, Herwig Bachmann
Summary: Bacteria like Lactococcus cremoris have a hierarchical sugar catabolism system, where they consistently prioritize the catabolization of higher-quality sugars for optimal growth rate, but also have some proteins always present for consuming certain lower-quality sugars.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)