Current Understanding of the Innate Control of Toll-like Receptors in Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

SARS-CoV-2 infects cells following viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis

(2021) Armin Bayati et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

TLR9 and COVID-19: A Multidisciplinary Theory of a Multifaceted Therapeutic Target

(2021) Gillina F. G. Bezemer et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19

(2021)   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Berberine and Obatoclax Inhibit SARS-Cov-2 Replication in Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells In Vitro

(2021) Finny Varghese et al.   Viruses-Basel

SARS-CoV-2 tropism, entry, replication, and propagation: Considerations for drug discovery and development

(2021) Nicholas Murgolo et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Cell Surface Expression of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors—A Necessity or a Superfluous Duplication?

(2021) Matylda Barbara Mielcarska et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR41

(2021) Yingchi Zhao et al.   CELL RESEARCH

TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines

(2021) Min Zheng et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

SARS-CoV-2 induces double-stranded RNA-mediated innate immune responses in respiratory epithelial-derived cells and cardiomyocytes

(2021) Yize Li et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is dynamic, disordered, and phase separates with RNA

(2021) Jasmine Cubuk et al.   Nature Communications

COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms

(2021) Robert W. Malone et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Famotidine inhibits toll-like receptor 3-mediated inflammatory signaling in SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2021) Rukmini Mukherjee et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

SARS-CoV-2 takes its Toll

(2021) Alan Sariol et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Localization of SARS-CoV-2 Capping Enzymes Revealed by an Antibody against the nsp10 Subunit

(2021) Vladimira Horova et al.   Viruses-Basel

Correlative multi-scale cryo-imaging unveils SARS-CoV-2 assembly and egress

(2021) Luiza Mendonça et al.   Nature Communications

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus – The need for global proactive surveillance, sequencing and modeling

(2021) Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq et al.   Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

SARS-CoV-2–associated ssRNAs activate inflammation and immunity via TLR7/8

(2021) Valentina Salvi et al.   JCI Insight

TLR3 and TLR7 RNA Sensor Activation during SARS-COV-2 Infection

(2021) Daria Bortolotti et al.   Microorganisms

Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China

(2020) Aiping Wu et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury

(2020) Clark D Russell et al.   LANCET

Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding

(2020) Roujian Lu et al.   LANCET

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study

(2020) Nanshan Chen et al.   LANCET

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

(2020) Chaolin Huang et al.   LANCET

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

(2020) Wei-jie Guan et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2

(2020) Renhong Yan et al.   SCIENCE

Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan

(2020) Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan et al.   Emerging Microbes & Infections

Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses

(2020) Furong Qi et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues

(2020) Carly G.K. Ziegler et al.   CELL

Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

(2020) Alexandra C. Walls et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human

(2020) Li-Li Ren et al.   CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL

The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China

(2020) Wen Zhang et al.   CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 disease by controlled modulation of innate immunity

(2020) Virgil Schijns et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

In silico studies on the comparative characterization of the interactions of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein with ACE‐2 receptor homologs and human TLRs

(2020) Abhigyan Choudhury et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Structure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase

(2020) Hauke S. Hillen et al.   NATURE

Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Jian Shang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV

(2020) Xiuyuan Ou et al.   Nature Communications

Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection

(2020) Xin Zou et al.   Frontiers of Medicine

Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites

(2020) Sisi Kang et al.   Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent

(2020) Alessio Mazzoni et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Intra-genome variability in the dinucleotide composition of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Paul Digard et al.   Virus Evolution

The coding capacity of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Yaara Finkel et al.   NATURE

An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival

(2020) Diane Marie Del Valle et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis

(2020) Andrew G. Harrison et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

The Efficacy of Famotidine in improvement of outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

(2020) Hamid Reza Samimagham et al.   Trials

Re-analysis of Single Cell Transcriptome Reveals That the NR3C1-CXCL8-Neutrophil Axis Determines the Severity of COVID-19

(2020) Jang Hyun Park et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ Triggers Inflammatory Cell Death, Tissue Damage, and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cytokine Shock Syndromes

(2020) Rajendra Karki et al.   CELL

β-Coronaviruses Use Lysosomes for Egress Instead of the Biosynthetic Secretory Pathway

(2020) Sourish Ghosh et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 structure and replication characterized by in situ cryo-electron tomography

(2020) Steffen Klein et al.   Nature Communications

Targeting TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin B/L together may be synergistic against SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) Pranesh Padmanabhan et al.   PLoS Computational Biology

The protective effect of the anti-Toll-like receptor 9 antibody against acute cytokine storm caused by immunostimulatory DNA

(2017) Yusuke Murakami et al.   Scientific Reports

Pharmacological characterization of the opioid inactive isomers (+)-naltrexone and (+)-naloxone as antagonists of toll-like receptor 4

(2016) X Wang et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

TLR10 Is a B Cell Intrinsic Suppressor of Adaptive Immune Responses

(2016) Nicholas J. Hess et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Targeting cell surface TLR7 for therapeutic intervention in autoimmune diseases

(2015) Atsuo Kanno et al.   Nature Communications

Role of berberine in anti-bacterial as a high-affinity LPS antagonist binding to TLR4/MD-2 receptor

(2014) Ming Chu et al.   BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Roles of the Cleaved N-Terminal TLR3 Fragment and Cell Surface TLR3 in Double-Stranded RNA Sensing

(2014) Yusuke Murakami et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways

(2014) Takumi Kawasaki et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Primary blood neutrophils express a functional cell surface Toll-like receptor 9

(2013) Dennis Lindau et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Toll-Like Receptor Expression and Induction of Type I and Type III Interferons in Primary Airway Epithelial Cells

(2013) I. Ioannidis et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

An essential role for the N-terminal fragment of Toll-like receptor 9 in DNA sensing

(2013) Masahiro Onji et al.   Nature Communications

A Human Coronavirus Responsible for the Common Cold Massively Kills Dendritic Cells but Not Monocytes

(2012) M. Mesel-Lemoine et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Extraordinary GU-rich single-strand RNA identified from SARS coronavirus contributes an excessive innate immune response

(2012) Yan Li et al.   MICROBES AND INFECTION

The Role of TLR2 in Infection and Immunity

(2012) Laura Oliveira-Nascimento et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Intracellular Toll-like Receptors

(2010) Amanda L. Blasius et al.   IMMUNITY

Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury

(2010) Qin Zhang et al.   NATURE

Recognition of Lipopeptide Patterns by Toll-like Receptor 2-Toll-like Receptor 6 Heterodimer

(2009) Jin Young Kang et al.   IMMUNITY